Cardiac size of 291 new-born infants was measured using the method illustated on Fig 1. Among the 291 infants,53 were asphyxiated, and asphxia was only regared from Apgar score below 6 on 1 min. and 5 min. Remaining 238infants were normal, and classified to group with lung abnormalities and without lung abnormalities on chest A-Pfilm. The results are as follows; 1. The average CTR. of normal group was 52.37(C/T1;54.89, C/T2;49.43, C/T3;49.15, C/T;55.97) 2. The average CTR. of asphxiated group was 54.91 (C/T1;57.13, C/T2;51.69, C/T3;51.94,C/T4;58.25) 3. Consequently, asphyxiated infants revealed larger cardiac size than normal infant group.
Apgar Score ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Methods ; Thorax

Page 31. The size of conidia of Alternatia brassicicola should be 20~80x8~25 microm instead of 20~120x8~30 microm.
Alternaria* ; Korea* ; Spores, Fungal

Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan was recorded on seeds of sickle senna(Cassia tora L.). Seed infection ranged from 25~45% in two samples. Developing roots and shoots turn brown and died in case of severe infection. Detailed descriptions were given on the habit characters of the fungus and on the morphology of conidiophores and condia. This is the first report of A. cassiae on seeds of Cassia.
Alternaria* ; Cassia* ; Fungi ; Korea*

The taxonomy of the Alternaria spp. has been a subject, of controversy because of their high variability in conidial morphology and polymorphism displayed even in pure cultures. The published Korean literature on the genus Alternaria is scattered and fragmentary, and pertains to about 25 species with special emphasis on occurrence and pathogenicity, but mycological studies on this group of fungi are insufficient. This is the first series of detailed and consolidated account of Korean species of Alternaria, which includes 11 species; viz., Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. cinerariae, A. dauci, A. dianthi, A. dianthicola, A. helianthi, A. helianthinffciens, A. iridicola, A. japonica and A. protenta. Detailed diagnostic descriptions, specific characterizations, taxonomic discussions and illustrations for each species are presented.
Alternaria* ; Brassica ; Classification ; Fungi ; Korea* ; Virulence

DNA profiling with sets of short tandem repeat (STR) markers is the most popular method for identifying human DNA in forensics. Identification by STR typing might fail when DNA is degraded or is present in low amounts, such as in disaster victim identification (DVI) samples. In such cases, more information might be obtained by using additional markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Multiplex PCR and microarray are convenient techniques to analyze SNP markers. We used an AccuID(TM) Chip, SNP-based DNA chip manufactured by DNA Link Corporation, to confirm genetic relationship between two human bone samples that had been buried for more than 50 years and blood samples from the alleged descendants of the sources of the bone fragments. The chip combines an Affymetrix resequencing array with a multiplex PCR technology and can genotype hundreds of SNP markers in a single experiment. Genotyping the two bone samples yielded 90.5 and 77 SNP markers. The commonly genotyped markers (61 and 47 SNP loci) in each bone-family pair provided high paternity indices to support the genetic relationships in both cases.
Disasters ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA* ; Forensic Anthropology* ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Paternity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Pyelonephritis*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: More than 70% of patients who need the implant supported restoration are parially edentulous. The principles of design for implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region are many and varied. Jurisdiction for their use is usually based on clinical evaluation. There are several areas of interest regarding the design of implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region. 1) Straight and tripod configuration in implant placement, 2) Two restoration types such as individualized and splinted restorations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and distribution of stress around the implant fixtures placed in the mandibular posterior region with two different arrangements and to evaluate the effects of splinting using the photoelastic stress analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1) Production of study model: Mandibular partially edentulous model was waxed-up and duplicated with silicone and two models were poured in stone. 2) Fixture installation and photoelastic model construction: Using surveyor(Ney, USA), 3 fixtures(two 4.0x13 mm, one 5.0x10 mm, Lifecore, USA) were installed in straight and tripod configurations. Silicone molds were made and poured in photoelastic resin (PL-2. Measurements group, USA). 3) Prostheses construction: Four 3-unit bridges (Type III gold alloy, Dongmyung co., Korea) were produced with nonhexed and hexed UCLA abutments and fitted with conventional methods. The abutments were tightened with 30 Ncm torque and the static loads were applied at 12 points of the occlusal surface. 4) Photoelastic stress analysis: The polarizer analyzer system with digital camera(S-2 Pro, Fujifilm, Japan) was used to take the photoelastic fringes and analysed using computer analysis program. RESULTS: Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed different stress patterns between two implant arrangement configurations, but there were no stress transfer to adjacent implants from the loaded implant in both configurations. However splinted restorations showed lesser amount of stresses in the loaded implants and showed stress transfer to adjacent implants in both configurations. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration with tripod configuration developed higher stresses in anterior and middle implants under loading than implants with straight configurations. Splintied 3 unit fixed partial dentures with tripod configuration showed higher stress development in posterior implant under loading but there were no obvious differences between two configurations. CONCLUSIONS: The tripod configuration of implant arrangement didn't show any advantages over the straight configuration. Splinting of 3 unit bridges with nonhexed UCLA abutments showed less stress development around the fixtures. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed tilting of implant fixture under offset loads.
Alloys ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Fungi ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Silicones ; Splints ; Torque

No abstract available.
Castration ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was done to evaluate the status of nosocomial urinary tract infections and to determine the risk factors andtransmission route of causal IRPA through molecular epidemiology. METHOD: Two hundred ninety-nine of 423 patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery ICU at a university hospital incity B had a positiveurine culture. Twelve of the 299 patients who had a urinary tract infection had IRPA strains. The data was collected from November 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005. The following results were obtained after the data was analyzed using percentile and UPGMA. RESULT: The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infections in the ICU was 10.8%. Therewere 16.8 cases of infection based on the period of hospitalization. There were 16.9 cases of infection based on the use of a foley catheter. The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the ICU and urinary tract infections related to IRPA were higher in patients with the following characteristics: men, old age, admission through the emergency room, longer than seven days admission, severity of admitting causes, disturbance of consciousness, hydration less than 300cc in 24hours, a long course of antibiotics, a long period of foley catheterization and perineal care. Most of the microorganisms that caused the urinary tract infection were gram negative bacilli, among which P. aeruginosa was found in 70 patients (18.5%) and IRPA in 12 (4.0%). Among the 12 IRPA strains that were tested with PFGE, eight showed a dice coefficient higher than 80%, suggesting a genetic relationship. They were related with the period of hospitalization in the same ICU. These patients all received direct care for a urinary tract infection. CONCLUSION: Through these results, IRPA can be consideredas a contributing factors to urinary tract infections thus, active preventative measures are needed by the medical staff.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cross Infection/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Imipenem/*pharmacology ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification/drug effects/*genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract Infections/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology

Injury of diaphragm mainly occur in penetrating, crush and blunt injuries to the lower chest or upper abdomen, and it is most often secondary to automobile accidents. Diaphragmatic rupture is most frequent in blunt chest trauma and the rate is below 1% of them. Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is responsible for the herniation of abdominal viscera. Physical finding and radiographic sign of diaphragmatic hernia is nonspecific and misreading. Therefore, the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of diaphragm may be difficult during the early period after the injury, especially when clinical features are dominated by associated injuries. Emergency surgical management is necessary when it is complicated with serious complication. We experienced the case of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia detected after the operation of femur fracture. The patient was injured by motor vehicle accident 6 days before the operation of the femur fracture. There was no specific symptom and sign and the manifestation of the diaphragmatic hernia. in radiographic studies until operation of the femur fracture was done. Diaphragmatic hernia was confirmed by chest X-ray and arterial blood gas analysis after operation of the femur fracture. The repair of the diaphragmatic hernia was directly performed after the diagnosis. The prognosis was favorable, and she was discharged to ward from intensive care unit after 1 day of operation. We must consider the possibility of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in the patient who have the history of blunt chest or abdominal trauma.
Abdomen ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Automobiles ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Emergencies ; Femur* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Morphine* ; Motor Vehicles ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Thorax ; Viscera ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating