PURPOSE: This study was done to explore time management behavior and self-efficacy in nursing students and to analyze the correlations between time management behavior and self-efficacy. METHODS: The data were collected from May 12 to 20 2010 using self-report questionnaires about time management behavior and self-efficacy of nursing students. The data from 508 students were analyzed using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean score for time management behavior was 3.03+/-1.11 out of a possible 5, and self-efficacy was 3.65+/-0.42 out of a possible 6. Four groups were identified according to time management behavior. The four groups were significantly different on self-efficacy total (p=<.05) and self-regulatory efficacy (p=.<005). The group with the highest score for time management had the highest score for self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that time management behavior styles are related to self-efficacy for nursing students. Therefore, time management education programs based on the time management behavior styles are needed to increase self-efficacy in nursing students.
Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing ; Time Management

Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary are the third most common types of neoplasms that develop in the ovary and account for about 5-8% of all ovarian malignancies. This group of ovarian neoplasms is derived from the sex cords and the ovarian stroma or mesenchyme. Granulosa-stromal cell tumors include granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and fibroma. The granulosa cell tumor is a low-grade malignancy and accounts for about 2-3% of all ovarian malignancies. Granulosa cell tumors have a prolonged natural history and tendency toward late relapse, reflecting their low grade biology. We present a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with brief review of literature,
Biology ; Female ; Fibroma ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Mesoderm ; Natural History ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Recurrence ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; Thecoma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of the late potential of Signal- averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) parameters during follow up of those who had taken surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). METHODS: Nine patients who had taken surgical repair of TOF since 1985 checked SAECG and standard 12 leads ECG twice in 1999 and 2005 in Kyungpook national university hospital. We evaluated changes of QRS duration, QT interval and JT interval, QRS dispersion, QT dispersion and JT dispersion of standard 12 leads ECG and Filtered QRS (f-QRS), High frequency low amplitude potential (HFLA), Root mean square in terminal 40 ms (RMS) and Mean voltage in terminal 40 ms (MV) of SAECG between in 1999 and 2005. RESULTS: There were significant decrease of JT dispersion (101.11+/-50.11 vs 71.11+/-22.61 ms, P< 0.05) and significant increase of HFLA (24.67+/-13.19 vs 32.89+/-14.21 ms, P<0.05). But there were no significant changes in other parameters. CONCLUSION: In repaired TOF patients, we evaluated ECG and SAECG to detect possible late complications such as tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular enlargement, ventricualar arrythmia and sudden death. And there were significant changes of ECG and SAECG in some parameters (JT dispersion, HFLA). But to see the relationships between the changes of these parameters and the long term prognosis, we need to check more patients and longer follow-up.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Death, Sudden ; Electrocardiography* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

PURPOSE: The 1p36 deletion syndrome is a microdeletion syndrome characterized by developmental delays/intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism, and other congenital anomalies. To date, many cases of this syndrome have been reported worldwide. However, cases with this syndrome have not been reported in Korean populations anywhere. This study was performed to report the clinical and molecular characteristics of five Korean patients with the 1p36 deletion syndrome. METHODS: The clinical characteristics of the 5 patients were reviewed. Karyotyping and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analyses were performed for genetic diagnoses. RESULTS: All 5 patients had typical dysmorphic features including frontal bossing, flat right parietal bone, low-set ears, straight eyebrows, down-slanting palpebral fissure, hypotelorism, flat nasal roots, midface hypoplasia, pointed chins, small lips, and variable degrees of developmental delay. Each patient had multiple and variable anomalies such as a congenital heart defect including ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent duct arteriosus, ventriculomegaly, cryptorchism, or hearing loss. Karyotyping revealed the 1p36 deletion in only 1 patient, although it was confirmed in all 5 patients by MLPA analyses. CONCLUSION: All the patients had the typical features of 1p36 deletion. These hallmarks can be used to identify other patients with this condition in their early years in order to provide more appropriate care.
Chin ; Cryptorchidism ; Developmental Disabilities ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Eyebrows ; Hearing Loss ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Lip ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Parietal Bone

On July 2009, 5 fly larvae were discovered inside the nose of a 76-year-old female. She was living in Cheonan-si, and in a state of coma due to rupture of an aortic aneurysm. Surgery was performed on the day of admission, and the larvae were found 4 days later. By observing their posterior spiracle, the larvae were identified as Lucilia sericata. Considering the rapid development of this species, the infection was likely acquired during hospitalization. Further investigation on the hospital environment should be needed to know the origin of the infection.
Aged ; Animals ; Aortic Rupture/complications ; Cross Infection/diagnosis/parasitology ; *Diptera ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; *Larva ; Myiasis/*diagnosis/*parasitology ; Nose Diseases/*diagnosis/*parasitology

Plasma cholesterol is increased in normal aging in both rodents and humans. This is associated with reduced elimination of cholesterol and decreased receptor-mediated clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine age-related changes in plasma lipid profiles, and (2) to determine the effect of fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha), on plasma lipid profiles in normal rats on a standard diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=15) were fed standard chow and water from 10 to 25 weeks of age. During that period, we measured daily food intake, body weight, fasting and random blood glucose levels, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. At 20 weeks of age, all rats were randomly divided into two groups: a fenofibrate group (in which rats were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/day of fenofibrate) and a control group (gavaged with water). Fenofibrate treatment lasted 5 weeks. There were no significant changes in daily food intake, blood glucose, and plasma TG level with age. Body weight, plasma TC, and FFA levels were significantly increased with age. Fenofibrate significantly decreased plasma concentrations of TC and FFA, which had been increased with age. However, fenofibrate did not influence the plasma concentration of TG, which had not increased with age. These results suggest that fenofibrate might have a novel role in preventing age-related hypercholesterolemia in SD rats on a normal diet.
Aging ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Eating ; Fasting ; Fenofibrate ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Plasma ; PPAR alpha ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodentia ; Triglycerides ; Water

PURPOSE: Absorbable retaining thread (ART) needle localization utilizes a guiding needle with a thread; this technique was invented to reduce patient discomfort and wire migration. We investigated the feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided ART needle localization for nonpalpable breast lesions. METHODS: ART needle localization was performed for 26 nonpalpable breast lesions in 26 patients who were scheduled to undergo surgical excision the day after localization. Seventeen breast lesions were initially diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, six as ductal carcinomas in situ, and one as fibrocystic change. The other two cases without an initial pathologic diagnosis had suspicious US features, and excision was planned concomitantly with contralateral breast cancer surgery. The primary outcome was the technical success rate of ART needle localization confirmed by US immediately after the procedure, and the secondary outcomes were the percentage of clear margins on pathology and the complication rate of ART needle localization. RESULTS: The technical success rate of ART needle localization was 96.2% (25 of 26 patients), and the ART was located 1 cm away from the mass in one patient (3.8%). The lesions were successfully removed with clear margins in all 26 patients. No significant complications related to ART needle localization were observed. CONCLUSION: ART needle localization can be an alternative to wire needle localization for nonpalpable breast lesions.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Needles ; Pathology ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography

Bradycardia may occur during spinal anesthesia with atropine commonly used as a treatment. A 44-year-old female with no known history of any underlying diseases, developed a coronary spasm following ventricular tachycardia when 0.5 mg of atropine was injected intravenously to treat bradycardia during spinal anesthesia. The imbalance caused by atropine in the sympathovagal activity may predispose the coronary artery to develop spasms with ventricular tachycardia. Therefore prudent use of atropine should be accompanied by close monitoring.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Atropine ; Bradycardia ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Humans ; Spasm ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

PURPOSE: The neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) have been recently shown in many animal models of brain injury, including hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy, trauma, and excitotoxicity; however, limited data are available for such effects during the neonatal periods. Therefore, we investigated whether recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) can protect against perinatal HI brain injury via an antiapoptotic mechanism. METHODS: The left carotid artery was ligated in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups (in vivo model). The animals were divided into 6 groups: normoxia control (NC), normoxia sham-operated (NS), hypoxia only (H), hypoxia+vehicle (HV), hypoxia+rHuEPO before a hypoxic insult (HE-B), and hypoxia+rHuEPO after a hypoxic insult (HE-A). Embryonic cortical neuronal cell culture of SD rats at 18 days gestation (in vitro model) was performed. The cultured cells were divided into 5 groups: normoxia (N), hypoxia (H), and 1, 10, and 100 IU/mL rHuEPO-treated groups. RESULTS: In the in vivo model, Bcl-2 expressions in the H and HV groups were lower than those in the NC and NS groups, whereas those in the HE-A and HE-B groups were greater than those of the H and HV groups. The expressions of Bax and caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were in contrast to those of Bcl-2. In the in vitro model, the patterns of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were similar to the results obtained in the in vivo model. CONCLUSION: rHuEPO exerts neuroprotective effect against perinatal HI brain injury via an antiapoptotic mechanism.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Carotid Arteries ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythropoietin ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Pregnancy ; Rats

Mycoplasma pneumioniae has a unique genomic composition, cellular biology, and a fastidious nature as the smallest cell-free living oranism that lacks a cell wall. Previous studies have suggested that a clinical manifesta tion of a M. pneumoniae infection is a consequence of a host immune response, particularly involving cellular immunity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the main T-lymphocyte enzyme, and its activity is high in diseases where cellular immunity is stimulated. Therefore, its activity is useful for diagnosing a tuberculous pleural effusion. A pleural effusion is found in 5-20% of Mycoplasma pneumonia patients. However, there are few reports of high ADA activity in a mycoplasmal pleural effusion. Here we report a case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection established by a polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests, accompanying high ADA activity in a pleural effusion.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Cell Wall ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serologic Tests ; T-Lymphocytes