The isolated rabbit kidney was perfused with 4 kinds of perfusates which had different ionic compositions, in order to investigate the effects of divalent cations, Mg and Ca, on the renal autoregulation. Four kinds of perfusates are full-balanced perfusate (FBP), perfusate subtracted both CaCl2and MgCI2 from FBP, perfusate subtracted only CaCI, from FBP, and perfusate subtracted only MgCl2 from FBP. The composition of FBP is 6% hydroxyethyl starch in 0.9% NaCl (McGaw Lab. USA) containing Na-acetate 5.0, K2HPO4 5.0, CaCls 1.2, MgCl2 0.5, and glucose 5.O mM/L. Renal Perfusate Flow (RPF) as related to various renal arterial perfusion pressure (RAP) was directly measured with flow-meter attached to the perfusion system. Total renal resistance (Rr) was calculated from RAP & RPF (RT=RAP/RPF). Alterations in renal autoregulation, when different perfusates were perfused, were estimated by pressure-flow curve in every run of perfusion experiments. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Kidney perfused with FBP revealed autoregulation within the range of 100~180 mmHg RAP. Renal Perfusate Flow in the autoregulation zone was 5.0 ml,min/gm. 2) The autoregulation was not appeared in the experiments perfused with the solution subtracted both CaCl2 and MgCI2 from FBP. 3) Kidney perfused with FBP-CaCI2 revealed the autoregulation, which had the autoregulation zone of 110~180 mmHg RAP, and 5. 5 m1/min/gm RPF. However, it was not present in the kidney perfused with FBP-MgCl2. 4) The time course of autoregulation was observed on the pressure-flow curve; autoregulation was continued approximately for 15 minutes, and then deteriorated rapidly. 5) Total renal resistance calculated was proportionately increased as the RAP increased within the regulation zone. Below and above the zone, it was almost inversely related to the RAP. From the above results, it was concluded that Mg is the essential factor in the renal autoregulation and suggested that Mg could have a key role on the neuromuscular transmission, excitability of muscular cell membrane, or the process of intracellular contraction.
Cations, Divalent ; Cell Membrane ; Glucose ; Homeostasis* ; Ions* ; Kidney* ; Magnesium Chloride ; Perfusion ; Starch

No abstract available.
Counseling* ; Infertility*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: This paper studies the influence of the case-management program on the change of blood sugar, lifestyle, and knowledge level of diabetes mellitus (DM) for medium-sizedenterprise employees suffering from DM. METHOD: Subjects, divided into experimental and control groups, are 59 workers with FBS higher than 126mg/dl or under DM medication treatment in the medium-sized enterprises, being managed by two distinct university hospital group occupational health management service teams. The case management program for DM patients consists of 6 different processes in which each subject is treated. RESULT: FBS decreased in the experimental group after the program, while that of the control group increased significantly. In the experimental group, the amount of smoking, the frequency of drinking and the amount of drinking per week decreased. Also, the knowledge level for DM and the change of nutrition management showed significant increase. In the control group, the amount of smoking increased and the frequency of drinking, the amount of drinking and nutrition level did not change significantly. And the knowledge level for DM decreased. CONCLUSION: We expect that taking this case management program for DM management may significantly improve diabetic patients' overall health.
Blood Glucose ; Case Management ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Humans ; Life Style ; Occupational Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological

The errors were discovered after publication: missing references and missing words.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Diagnosis* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

The propose of the study is to try to support the practice of caring suitable for our cultural emotion by cognating the meaning of caring related to health which is melted in korean culture. Concrete purposes were as followings; to first, confirm the caring of civilian in Kangwon-do, to secondly search the caring in the traditional culture idea, and to thirdly present the conceptual frame about the caring. The methodology of this research is the ethnography to use the depth interview and the participative observation. The geographical area of this research was in Wichon-ri, Songsan- myon, Kangnung-shi, Kangwon-do. Study participants were, 6men and 18women, totally 24 persons. Their average age was 72.6 years old. The period of data collection was from January, 1998 to April, 1999, which original data became saturation. Data collection was done after accept allowance of the participants, their stories were recorded in cassettee, by the way of the Spradley analysis was applied and adjusted. The results which was analyized as domain, category and property were as following; First, the category was the life serving other persons, which is the for mind, the benefiting one, the comprehensive one, the respective one, on soon. Second, the category was the controling life, and its property was the moderate mind, that is, vegetables were tried to be fed moderately, pleasantly and comfortable. Thirdly, the category was the eagerness life, and the properties were diligent mind, and mind which accomplished the complete resposibility. Fourth, the category was a happy life, and the properties were positive mind, satisfying one, thankful one, one of their ancestors benefit, and supplicatory one. Fifth, the category was the accepting life, and the properties were the submissive mind, resign one. Sixth, the category was the joint life all together and the properties were the harmonized mind, and the mutual helping one. Seventh, the category was the ruling life, and the properties were the pure mind, the ones which controls the body, the mind, the nature; which could surely confirmed the source of the life that lived with the nature, the native idea of our people. Eighth, the category was the retaining life, and the properties were the inherits the native custom, and the one that keep public morals. According to the result of examining the caring in ethnography, the general caring was performed the conceptual frame about the caring which is related to health was found in the principle of consideration, harmony, compliance, and transcendence.
Anthropology, Cultural* ; Compliance ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea* ; Morals ; Vegetables

A retrospective morphological study was conducted on 1677 lymph nodes which were removed surgically under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colonic carcinoma, chronic gastric ulcer, and superficial lymph nodes nuder the diagnosis of reactive follicular hyperplasia at Chosun University Hospital during a period of 5 years from 1980 to 1984. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined to evaluate for any vascular changes. In selected cases further levels were prepared from the paraffin blocks for Gomori's reticulin stain. The vascular abnormalities were divided into 3 groups, such as hemangiomatoid, pan-nodal vasodilatation and miscellaneous types. The miscellaneous type included the proliferation of smooth muscle which encircled numerous small hilar arteries and veins. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The hemangiomatoid lesions were localized lesions which appeared to be associated with local malignancy, but infrequent in incidence. 2) A more frequent vascular abnormality was pan-nodal vasodilatation, which tend to affect many nodes in a single group and is relatively associated with chronic gastric ulcer. 3) Miscellaneous lesion was nonspecific and appeared both local malignancy and chronic inflammation. 4) All three vascular reactions were somewhat more frequent in female than male.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed to quantify the complex dynamics of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate(FHR) fluctuations by using approximate entropy(ApEn) which is a recently developed mathematical formula quantifying regularity and also to determine the differences between normal fetuses and growth retarded fetuses. BACKGROUND: Recently, some measures of heart rate variability and nonlinear "complexity" of heart rate dynamics have been used as indicators fetal well-being. Approximate entropy is a new mathematical approach and formula to quantify regularity in data. It has been shown to provide new information in fetal heart rate analysis. Because growth retarded fetus accounts for a significant increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, than normal fetus, we postulated that there existed important differences between normal fetuses and growth retarded fetuses. METHODS: We analyzed FHR tracings for 40 minutes, and approximately 5,000 points in normal fetuses(n=315) and growth retarded fetuses(n=76). The overall "complexity" of each FHR time series was quantified by its approximate entropy, measure of regularity derived from nonlinear dynamics, "chaos theory". RESULTS: Mean baseline FHR increased in growth retarded fetuses than normal fetuses. And the FHR ApEn significantly decreased in growth retarded fetuses(ApEn=0.623) compared to that of the normal fetuses(ApEn=0.868) throughout all gestational ages(p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ApEn of FHR decreased in growth retarded fetuses throughout all gestational ages. These findings indicated that decreased ApEn values of FHR are associated with sickness and the greater perinatal morbidity risks. Therefore ApEn quantifies subtle changes in FHR regularity and promises for new information in FHR analysis.
Entropy* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Mortality ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Pregnancy