The heterotopic and tissues may be divided into two categories: those that are found in the head and neck region, and those that arise elsewhere. The latter type is rare and most cases are found in the lungs of patients with neural tube defect, particularly anencephaly. Our report descrives anencephalic male infant with heterotopic glial nodules in both lungs. The largest nodule is 2x1.5x1 cm, locates in the lower lobe of the left lung, and has a round gray-white cut surface with cystic spaces. Microscopically, the nodules consist of irregularly arranged astrocytes and glial fibers, in which are embedded gland-like or cystically dilated bronchioles. The astrocytes and glial fibers are strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and show astrocytic filaments on electron microscopy. This will be an additional case supporting the amniotic fluid aspiration/implantation theory of pathogenetic mechanism of distal heerotopic glial tissue.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Female ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy

Following results were obtained from the light microscopic and stereomicroscopic observations of the breasts of rats treated with 9, 10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene(DMBA). 1) Adenocarcinomas developed in 17 rats (24%) among 70 DMBA-treated rats. 2) Terminal and buds (TEB) were observed longer in DMBA-treated rats than in control group, but they finally disppeared 4 monthes after treatment. 3) Many hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) developed in DMBA-treated rats. 4) There were no transitional lesions between TEB and adenocarcinoma or HAN and adenocarcinoma. 5) The number of lobules was decreased in DMBA-treated rats. On the other hand, terminal ducts were increased in number. These findings suggest that DMBA stimulate the regression of lobules and induce to form terminal ducts from which adenocarcinomas and HAN develop independently.
Rats ; Animals ; Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Female ; Humans ; Trophoblasts*

Forty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 12.5 mg estradiol ant the age of 3 weeks. Three rats were killed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks and in every month during 2~12 months after implantation, and the breasts were examined by light microscope. In all rats, enlargement of terminal end buds was obseved in 1~2 weeks, maximum development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in 3 weeks, and marked dilatation and secretion of alveoli or ducts in 1~12 months after implantation. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 27 rats and carcinomas developed in 23 rats in 2~12 months after implantation. It was thought that the changes induced by estradiol are more similar to the human breast lesions, compared with changes induced by chemical carcinogens such as dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), because breast carcinomas developed in close relationship with ductal epithelial hyperplasia in both estradiol-treated rats and humans, but not in DMBA-treated rats.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

Interrupted aortic arch is a extreme type of coarctation of aorta and mostly associated with other cardiac anomalies. Unless there were no proper management, about 90% of babies would be dead in their neonatal period. A 28-year-old nulliparous woman was refered to our hospital for fetal echocardiography at 23 weeks' gestation with an abnormal prenatal ultrasonographic findings. We found interrupted aortic arch(type A), which was located in distal portion of the left subclavian artery, and ventricular septal defect. After 5 months follow up, the baby was vaginally delivered at 40 weeks' gestation. This baby was delivered at 40 weeks' gestation of a male infant with APGAR scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Neonatal echocardiography and electron beam tomography revealed interrupted aortic arch(type A), ventricular septal defect(subaortic type), patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect(ostium secondum defect). At the 10th day of birth, the infant was performed the operation of end to end anastomosis of desending aorta, patch repair of atrial septal defect, ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, and direct closure of patent foramen ovale.
Adult ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Coarctation ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligation ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Subclavian Artery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cisterna Magna*

We describe a case of successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in a small infant with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) failure after an open heart surgery. A 35-day-old male infant weighing 4.4 kg who had congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension underwent patch closure of ventricular septal defect without any intraoperative event. Postoperative course was unremarkable in the intensive care uint for about 5 hours before the junctional ectopic tachycardia developed. Sudden cardiac decompensation with bradycardia occurred about 50 minutes after the development of junctional ectopic tachycardia. He was put on ECMO by arterial cannulation at the ascending aorta and by venous cannulation at the right atrial appendage after 4 hours' CPR. The hemodynamics were stable with enough urine output during ECMO. He was weaned from ECMO 38.5 hours after initiation. Delayed sternal closure was attempted. He was extubated on postoperative day 7 and discharged home on postoperative day 21 without any neurologic sequelae.
Aorta ; Atrial Appendage ; Bradycardia ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Catheterization ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Critical Care ; Male ; Membranes ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional ; Thoracic Surgery*

OBJECTIVES: The critical pathways provide high quality of medical services in a cost-effective manner. To investigate the decrease in length of hospital stay and increase of cost effectiveness by using critical pathways, we compared hospital stay, cost of treatment, and the patient's satisfaction before and after critical pathway use. METHODS: We made a critical pathway team, which consisted of obstetric staff members, a resident, two nurses, a pharmacist, two clerical staff members. We made critical pathways for the medical team and patients. A prospective evaluation of a critical pathway for cesarean section was used as a comparison for control patients. RESULTS: The data for 305 patients with a critical pathway were compared to those of 136 control patients. The mean hospital stay is shorter in critical pathway patients than control patients. The cost of treatment decreased and differences between DRG (Diagnosed Related Groups) and cost of treatment increased in critical pathway patients. CONCLUSIONS: Using critical pathways in cesarean section decreased the duration of hospital stay and increased cost effectivesess. The critical pathways were useful as a means to minimize cost while increasing patient satisfaction.
Cesarean Section* ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Critical Pathways* ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pharmacists ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies