No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Diagnosis* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

There had been a continuous evolution of lymphoma classification and recently a Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification was proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group. This new classification often requires information on immunophenotypic and molecular biologic markers in addition to the usual histologic findings. Recent advances in the production of commercially available monoclonal antibodies reactive on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues provide us a great help to classify the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have analyzed 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas by the schemes proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group using antibodies to CD3, CD5, CD20, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1, and bcl-2 protein, and have analyzed the immunophenotypic features. Among 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas, 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 7 follicle center lymphomas (2 grade I, 3 grade II, and 2 grade III), and 11 marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (all of which were extranodal) were identified. Among 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 cases were positive for CD5; 6 cases were positive for CD23; 7 cases were positive for CD43; all 8 cases were negative for cyclin D1; and 7 cases were positive for bcl-2. Among 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 4 cases were positive for CD5 and CD43; all five cases were negative for CD23; 4 cases were positive for cyclin D1 and bcl-2. All 7 follicle center lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD43 and cyclin D1 and 2 cases were positive for CD23; and 6 cases were positive for bcl-2. All marginal zone B-cell lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD23 and cyclin D1; 3 cases were positive for CD43 and 9 cases were positive for bcl-2. Diagnostic utility for CD5 antigen detection on paraffin embedded tissue has a limitation due to weak antigen expression in tumor cells of B-cell lymphomas; however, still be useful in differentiating small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma from other B-cell lymphomas when applied in conjunction with CD43. CD23, CD43, and cyclin D1 appear to be of great help in differentiating subgroups of low grade B-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2, as known, is found to be useful to rule out reactive follicular hyperplasia.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD5 ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biomarkers ; Classification ; Cyclin D1 ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Paraffin*

No abstract available.
Dwarfism*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify subjective attitudes towards terminal patients in nursing students who had clinical practice. The types of subjective attitude were classified by applying Q methodology. According to those types, basic reference data for the development of educational programs were provided.METHODS: Thirty-four final Q samples were selected, and Q classification with a nine-point scale was performed with P samples of 43 nursing students. A key factor analysis was conducted with the collected data using the PC QUANAL program.RESULTS: Nursing students' attitudes towards terminal patients were grouped into three types. The total variable was 49.96%. Students with Type 1 (“wish for life-sustaining medical treatment”) thought that terminal patients accurately understood their medical condition and wanted to prolong their lives. Others with Type 2 (“need for service and support”) believed that a multidisciplinary nursing system needs to be established to help terminal patients prepare for death. Students with Type 3 (‘awareness and acceptance of death’) thought that terminal patients wanted to die with dignity at a hospice unit.CONCLUSION: This study analyzed various types of attitude towards terminal patients, as perceived by nursing students with clinical training experience. Development of educational programs for each attitude type analyzed in this study could contribute to systematic training programs for nursing students caring for terminal patients.
Classification ; Education ; Hospices ; Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing ; Terminally Ill

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to understand and explain the essences and structures of the experience of Korean women who have had a spinal cord injury. METHODS: The data were collected in 2010 through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of 9 women with spinal cord injuries participated in the study. Each interview lasted about 2 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Five theme clusters emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: frozen mind with rigid body; shame due to restrictions of physical function and dependency; struggle to go back to the previous normal body; disabilities that are noticeable in everyday family life; rebirth by discarding the obsessions of the past. These theme clusters illustrate that although most participants faced very strange and unbearable situations in most aspects of life after the injury, they were empowered finally by finding their hope and by giving new meanings to the current existence. CONCLUSION: This study provides deep understanding of women with spinal cord injuries who are relatively alienated from society. Based on the results of the study, health professionals could develop effective nursing interventions to improve quality of life of these women.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Disabled Persons ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*psychology ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care. METHODS: A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7-point Likert scale (-3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods. RESULTS: Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a new experience", "during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family", "after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event" and "with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS" were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a challenge" "SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility", "tension during the care of SARS patients" and "support from team members" were the significant determinants of the intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Psychological Theory ; Regression Analysis ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*nursing

Primary malignant lymphoma arising from the female genital tract is extremely rare. Most genital lymphomas arise in the Corpus and cervix of uterus and vagina. Patients usually present with bleeding, abdominal or pelvic discomfort but very infrequently the tumors are discovered as a result of a routine examination. We present a case of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma originated from uterine cervix and extended to endometrium, and review the relevant literature.
Cervix Uteri* ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Uterus ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is widely used in the treatment of preeclamptic Hyperreflexia. Eclamptic convulsions are almost always prevented by MgSO4 in plasma concentrations of 4 to 7 mEq/L. It is well known that MgSO4 enhances the effect of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. But the onset time of rocuronium is not shortened by MgSO4. METHODS: The effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was investigated in vitro rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. The phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm was dissected and suspended in an organ bath containing modified Krebs' solution and produced single twitch responses under 0.2 ms, 0.1 Hz, electrical stimulation. We added rocuronium until the twitch height decreased more than 95% of the initial level and determined a dose in 95% decrease twitch height as an effective concentration (EC95). After the administration of MgSO4, the onset time of neuromuscular blockade by rocuronium 1 x EC95, 1.5 x EC95, 2 x EC95 was compared with the onset time without MgSO4. RESULTS: EC50 and EC95 of rocuronium was 0.178 and 1.10 mg/dl. After administration of MgSO4, the concentration of Mg2 in the organ bath was 4.38 mEq/L. The onset time of the neuromuscular blockade by 1 x EC95 rocuronium was significantly shortened, but in the case of over 1.5 x EC95, it was not influenced by MgSO4. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of Mg2 was within the therapeutic range for inhibition of uterine contraction. The onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was shortened by magnesium but because a high dose of rocuronium was administered for intubation due to low potency and high plasma concentration, the effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium seems to be masked. Therefore clinically, the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was not shortened by MgSO4.
Animals ; Baths ; Electric Stimulation ; Intubation ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Masks ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Seizures ; Uterine Contraction

This is a case report of the congenital ileal atresia with disuse microcolon. The patient was a 3 day-old male newborn infant who was admitted in department of pediatrics Soon Chun Hyang Hospital with complaints of persistant vomitings, no meconium passage, and jaundice from a few hours after birth. The diagnosis was established by characteristic clinical features and barium enuma and finally confirmed by operationl. The operative findings showed that entire colon showed very narrow lumen and was associated with malrotation of the cecum, volvulus of midgut, multiple bands formation, and atresia of ileum with marked dilated proximal small bowel. It is considered that this microcolon was originated from non-use of the colon due to atreisa of the ileum. Resection of the obstructed ileum with multiple bandlysis and finally ileo-ileal end to end anastomosis were done. Microscopic findings showed that sections of cord like mass revealed marked narrowing of mucosal lumen with collections of mucus and necrotic cell debris and lack of mucosa. He was discharged 50 days after operation with favorable condition and normal finding of follow-up barium enema. A brief review of related literature was also presented.
Barium ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Jaundice ; Male ; Meconium ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus ; Parturition ; Pediatrics

This study was designed to assess the nutritional iron status and anemia of middle school girls. Three-hundred-fiftythree female subjects in Ulsan metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 157.19 +/- 5.57 cm and 51.06 +/-9.42 kg, respectively. The average Body Mass Index (BMI, Kg/m2) was 20.63 +/-3.23, which was within the normal range. With regard to clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced 'decreased ability to concentrate'. The total caloric intake of each subject was 1743.28 +/- 343.47 kcal (83.01% of the Korean RDA) and the calcium intake was 634.98 +/- 201.43 mg (79.37% of the Korean RDA). The mean daily intake of iron was 14.76 +/- 4.36 mg (92.25% of the Korean RDA) and the heme iron intake was 6.12 +/- 2.30 mg, which was 41.5% of the total iron intake. The average hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.24 +/- 1.01 g/dl, and the average hematocrit (Hct) level was 37.79 +/- 4.10%. The transferrin saturation {TS (%)} was 19.41 +/- 9.21%, and the ferritin level was 26.26 +/- 18.60 ng/ml. The iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated at 6.1% by using Hb (< 12 g/dl), 20.5% by using Hct (< 36%), 30.8% by using TS (< 14%), and 23.1% by using ferritin (< 12 ng/ml). The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) showed a negative correlation with the Hb, iron, ferritin and TS. With regard to the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with 'pale face' (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of iron was significantly and negatively correlated with 'poor memory' (p < 0.01) and the ferritin concentration was negatively correlated with 'no appetite' (p < 0.05), 'pale face (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the prevalence of iron deficiency among middle school girls is very high; therefore, guidelines on dietary support and nutritional education to improve their dietary iron status should be provided.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Biochemistry ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Heme ; Humans ; Iron* ; Iron, Dietary ; Prevalence ; Reference Values ; Transferrin ; Ulsan*