Mucoceles usually occur as solitary, asymptomatic, translucent, and dome-shaped cysts containing clear viscous fluid on lower lip or oral mucosa. The authors reviewed the clinical and histopathological findings in 33 patients with mucocele and attempted to clarify the difference between the histopathologic types (retention and extravasation). The results were summarized as follows. 1. Age distribution was from 2 to 53 years and mean age was 21.4 years. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1(18 males.15 females). 2. Histopathologic type was classified. 4 cases(12.1%, mean age.17.3 years) were retention type, 19 cases(57.6%, mean age.'21.5 years) mixed type, and 10 cases(30.3 %, mean age.20.9 years) extravasation type. Among 19 mixed types, 13 cases were retention dominant and 6 cases extravasation dominant. 3. Durations from the onset to the diagnosis could be clarified in 16 cases. Those were below 1 year in 14 cases(87.5% ) and below 3 years in 16 cases all. Mean duration was 9.4 months. 4. The sites of involvement were lower lip(72.7%), tongue(24.3%), and oral mucosa(3.0%), in decreasing order of frequency. 5. The visited departments were otolaryngology(72.7%), dentistry(12.1%), plastic surgery(9,1%) and dermatology(6.1%), in decreasing order of frequency. 6. In the histopathologic observation, surface epithelium was observed in 25 cases (75.8%), cyst in 23 cases(69.7%), granlation tissue in 29 cases(87.9%), mucin in 28 cases(84.8%), surrounding salivary glands in 20 cases(60.6%) and foamy macrophages in 32 cases(97.0% ), 7. Special stains(PAS, D-PAS, and alcian blue at pH2.5 and 0.4) for the mucin were performed in 10 cases. The results were compatible with sialomucin.
Age Distribution ; Alcian Blue ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucins ; Mucocele* ; Salivary Glands ; Sialomucins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and stress among nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 94 nursing students from a University in Seoul. Participants completed questionnaires and the data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The mean score of sleep quality was 6.93±2.66 among nursing students and 81.9% had a sleep problem. The mean score of stress was 18.61±4.84. Sleep quality was significantly different by clinical practice days per week, subjective physical health status, and subjective mental health status. Stress levels were significantly different by subjective physical health status, subjective mental health status, social relationship satisfaction, and satisfaction levels of nursing major and university. A significant relationship between sleep quality and stress (r=.45, p < .001) was found, meaning that a lower quality of sleep was significantly correlated with higher stress level. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that most nursing students had sleep problems and stress. Therefore, interventions are needed to be developed to lower the level of stress and increase the quality of sleep among nursing students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing

Iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) rhinorrhea, rarely occuring, is one of the major complications, and should be managed immediately if it occurs during operation. CSF leakage can be repaired intracranially or extracranially. Extracranial approaches are subdivided into extranasal and intranasal. Recent advance in nasal endoscopy and its advantage of low morbidity allow more surgeons to perform the intranasal approach using endoscope. As graft materials, free or rotational flaps of temporalis muscle fascia, muscle, fat, and mucosa or mucoperiosteum in the nasal septum or turbinates have widely been used. Sometimes composite graft such as osteomucoperiosteal(OMP) free flap was also used. By intranal endoscopic approach using OMP free flap obtained from the middle Turbinate(MT), we successfully repaired CSF leakage from a defect, 5~7mm in size, which had occured in the right ethmoid roof near the lamina cribrosa during endoscopic sinus surgery on a patient with chronic paranasal sinusitis. Repair of CSF rhinorrhea using MT OMP free flap may be an useful technique for immediate intraoperative management of the defect, if it is not so large, because of availability and easy handling of this flap in the same surgical field.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Fascia ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Septum ; Sinusitis ; Transplants ; Turbinates*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking attitude and coping skills toward secondhand e-cigarette smoking among nonsmoking college students. METHODS: This study was conducted with 148 students from a University in Seoul, Korea. Participants completed questionnaires and the data were analyzed using a T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The mean score of smoking attitude is 51.35±4.73. The mean score of coping skills is 13.89±2.53 in verbal skills, 10.16±2.37 in behavioral skills, and 8.32±2.30 in assertive skills. Coping skills toward secondhand smoking are noted as being different by current cohabitation smoker. A significant relationship between smoking attitude and behavioral coping skills(r=.23, p=.004) was found, which means that a better smoking attitude was correlated with more active behavioral coping skills. CONCLUSION: The results showed that nonsmoking college students with better smoking attitude react to the E-cigarette smoking with more active behaviors. Therefore, interventions are needed to be developed to encourage better smoking attitude and coping skills toward secondhand E-cigarette smoking.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Electronic Cigarettes ; Humans ; Korea ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Purpose: This study aimed to identify changes in sleep patterns and fatigue levels during consecutive night shifts among shift nurses and to determine the association between sleep parameters and increased fatigue levels during work. Methods: This prospective observational study employing ecological momentary assessments was conducted using data collected from 98 shift nurses working in Korean hospitals between June 2019 and February 2021. The sleep patterns were recorded using actigraphy. The participants reported their fatigue levels at the beginning and end of each night shift in real time via a mobile link. Linear mixed models were used for the analysis. Results: Nurses spent significantly less time in bed and had shorter sleep durations during consecutive night shifts than on off-duty days, whereas their wake times after sleep onset were much longer on off-duty days than on on-duty days. Fatigue levels were higher on the second and third night-shift days than on the first night-shift days. A shorter time spent in bed and asleep was associated with a greater increase in fatigue levels at the end of the shift than at the beginning. Conclusion Nurses experience significant sleep deprivation during consecutive night shifts compared with off-duty days, and this sleep shortage is associated with a considerable increase in fatigue levels at the end of shifts. Nurse managers and administrators must ensure sufficient intershift recovery time during consecutive night shifts to increase the time spent in bed and sleeping.

PURPOSE: To compare the MR imaging findings of experimentally induced pyogenic arthritis of rabbit knees with the corresponding histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infection was induced in 20 rabbit knees by direct intra-articular injection of Staphylococcus aureus. The animals were divided into four groups of five rabbits each, and spin-echo sagittal T1-and T2-weighted images were obtained 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively, after staphylococcal inoculation. MR-pathologic correlation was performed, with emphasis on intra-and extra-articular soft tissue lesion characteristics. Soft tissue lesion signal intensity (SI) was classified as low, iso, or high on the basis of that of muscle, and high SI was further subdivided into three categories. RESULTS: At T2-weighted imaging, all soft tissue lesions showed high SI. Pathologic examination revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration (n=2), abscess (n=1), granulation tissue (n=3), fibrosis (n=11), edema (n=4), congestion (n=9), and joint fluid (n=11). Except for the abscess, these lesions were irregular in shape and had variable SI (grade 1-3) and at T2WI could not, therefore, be differentiated. In nine kness, extraarticular soft-tissue lesions were demonstrated at T2WI and correlated with infectious soft tissue lesions such as inflammatory cell infiltration, abscess, granulation tissues and fibrosis; and non-infectious reactive soft tissue changes such as edema and congestion. CONCLUSION: In pyogenic arthritis, the MR imaging features of soft tissue lesions varied and were nonspecific, depending on the histopathologic abnormalities observed. Our results indicate that in assessing the extent of pyogenic arthritis with MR imaging, caution is required.
Abscess ; Animals ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Granulation Tissue ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joints ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pathology* ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcus aureus

PURPOSE: The subjects were compared and measured for differences in the aspects of weight changes between the groups that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) after treatment and those that did not, to analyze the relations between the patterns of early weight change after birth and the development of BPD. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records were performed for birth weight and a corresponding pattern of weight change after birth and a case history of 70 respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) patients born at Kyunghee Medical Center from September 1999 to December 2002. Patients who developed BPD after being treated for RDS were classified as group A and the rest as group B. Each respective group was subdivided into subgroups of birth weight greater and lesser than 1,500 grams. RESULTS: BPD was observed in 12(17.1%) patients. The duration of initial weight loss and the time to restitution of birth weight were meaningfully longer in group A, and the ratio of initial weight loss to birth weight was significantly greater in group A. On the other hand, when the above comparisons were executed in each group subdivided by birth weight above and below 1500 grams, no significant variables were generated. CONCLUSION: The postulated points to the duration of initial weight loss and time to restitution of birth weight being significantly longer in groups with BPD. It was also confirmed that this group had a greater ratio of initial weight loss(%) to birth weight were confirmed.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Hand ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: In general, higher resistance rates are observed among intensive care unit (ICU) isolates than non-ICU isolates. In this study, resistance rates of isolates from ICUs and non-ICUs were compared using the data generated from 20 hospitals in Korea. METHODS: Susceptibility data were collected from 20 hospitals participating in the Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (KONSAR) program. Duplicate isolates were excluded from the analysis. The resistance rates did not include intermediate susceptibility. RESULTS: The most prevalent bacteria in the ICUs were Staphylococcus aureus (21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (19%), and those in non-ICU were Escherichia coli (27%) and S. aureus (14%). The resistance rates were higher in ICUs than in non-ICUs at 84% and 58% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 86% and 70% for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylcoccus (CNS), 34% and 19% for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, 38% and 19% for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, 45% and 25% for cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, 42% and 24% for ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, 29% and 11% for ceftazidime-resistant Serattia marcescens, 83% and 44% for imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and 32% and 17% for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent bacteria in ICUs were S. aureus, CNS, and Acinetobacter spp., and high multi-drug resistance rates were observed in the Acinetobacter isolates. Therefore, infection control should be practiced in ICUs to prevent infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Acinetobacter ; Bacteria ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterococcus faecium ; Escherichia coli ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus

There are many problems in the anesthetic management of patients with scar contracture. In this case, a 41-year-old male with severe scar contracture on his face, neck, anterior chest, and both shoulders underwent surgery for resurfacing with flaps. We tried to awake fiberoptic orotracheal intubation with GlideScope(R) Video laryngoscope guide after surgical release of contracture under local anesthesia. We report a successful management of a patient with severe burn contracture achieved by combined effort of surgeons and anesthesiologists.
Anesthesia, Local ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopes ; Male ; Neck ; Shoulder ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Standard polysomnography is generally used in the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome. However, this technique is laborious, costly and inconvenient as a screening test or a test for epidemiological study. A simple screening test for sleep apnea, administered at home, would provide physicians with a convenient and less costly means of evaluating possible sleep apnea. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of portable sleep monitoring devices. The validity of measurements made by the portable sleep monitoring devices was assessed by comparing respiratory parameters obtained using the portable sleep monitoring devices with those obtained using standard polysomnography. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Eighteen patients were collected and divided into two groups. Direct comparison was made between data obtained by the portable monitoring devices(MESAM IV in group 1 and Edentec in group 2) and data simultaneously obtained by standard polysomnographic techniques. RESULTS: In group 1, oxygen desaturation index(ODI) and heart variation index(HVI) in MESAM IV were significantly correlated with apnea index(AI) and respiratory disturbance index(RDI) in standard polysomnography. In group 2, AI and RDI in Edentec were significantly correlated with those in standard polysomnography. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that portable monitoring devices(MESAM IV and Edentec) may be useful in screening test of sleep apnea syndrome.
Apnea ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography* ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes*