Authors analysed the surgical results of superior oblique silicone expander for the treatment of superior oblique overaction in 8 patients (15 eyes) who were operated at St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from October 1990 to December 1991. The results were as follows: 1. Preoperatively, the patients demonstrated versions of +2 overaction in 6 eyes (40%) and +3 to +4 overaction in 9 eyes (60%), And demonstrated A-patterns between 20 delta to 55 delta with a mean of 33 delta. 2. Postoperatively, of the 9 eyes with +3 to +4 overaction, 6 eyes (66.7%) showed no overaction and 3 eyes (33.3%) had +1 residual overaction. Of the 6 eyes with +2 overaction, 4 eyes (66.7%) showed no residual overaction, while 2 eyes (33.3%) had +1 residual overaction. 3. Postoperatively. reduction of A-pattern was from 16 delta to 51 delta with a mean of 27 delta. Bases on these results, it appears that the silicone expander technique is useful for the treatment of superior oblique overaction.
Humans ; Silicones* ; Tendons*

We report a case of complicated cataract aggravated after taking herbal medication for atopic dermatitis. An 11-yr-old boy was referred for the evaluation of decreased visual acuity in both eyes for 2 months. Past history showed that he had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis when he was 1 yr old. He had been treated only with herbal medication for a period of 8 months prior to visiting our clinic. He had his visual acuity checked in a local ophthalmic clinic one year before, and the visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes at that time. When attending our clinic the ophthalmologic examination showed that his best corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Lenses of both eyes had severe posterior subcapsular and posterior capsular opacity. Phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulectomy were performed in both eyes. After 3 months postoperatively, the best corrected visual acuity was recovered to 20/20 in both eyes without any complication. Our case suggests that there may be a risk of aggravation of cataract or development of cataract after treatment with some unidentified herbal medication in a patient with atopic dermatitis.
Cataract/*chemically induced ; Cataract Extraction ; Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic/*drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Visual Acuity/drug effects

To evaluate the effects of early surgical intervention in infantile exotropia on the motor and sensory functions, we reviewed the records of 17 subjects diagnosed with exotropia before the age of 12 months, receiving surgery before the age of 24 months, with a follow-up period greater than one year, between 1996 and 2000. Of the 17 subjects (6 intermittent, 11 constant), 14 (82%) (6 intermittent, 8 constant) had a final horizontal deviation of <10 PD, with 3 (18%) needing a re-operation. Fusion and gross binocularity were developed in 7 (4 intermittent, 3 constant), and 11 (6 intermittent, 5 constant) subjects, respectively. Seven subjects developed stereopsis of 200 seconds or better, and 5 of the 6 with intermittent exotropia (83%) being involved. In conclusion, over 80% of the successful alignments were obtained with surgery before the age of 24 months in infantile exotropia, which was similar to previous studies. Furthermore, early surgical intervention, particularly in the intermittent phase, resulted in more effective sensory function.
Age Factors ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Phenylketonurias*

Strabismus fixus is very rare and the convergent form is rarely accompanied by blepharoptosis. We successfully treated one patient with high myopia whose convergent strabismus fixus, accompanied by blepharoptosis, became severe after cataract surgery. We report the case with a discussion of its pathology. We performed levator advancement operation, bilateral lateral rectus 11 mm resection, and bilateral medial rectus 8 mm recession. The suture was removed after maintaining temporary traction suture for 6 days. Blepharoptosis was completely corrected by postoperative 2 months. Esodeviation was 15PD, which was not increased compared with immediately after surgery. Satisfactory cosmetic outcome was obtained.
Aged ; Blepharoptosis/complications/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Myopia/complications ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Strabismus/complications/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

The retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) is one of the most important cell layers in the visual system and is vital to the integrity of the rod and cone outer segments. It has many complex functions, such as absorption of light, storage and conversion of vitamin A esters and formation of acid- mucopolysaccharide complex. As serum in the vitreous cavity stimulates the migration and proliferation of RPE cells, serum is necessary to grow RPE cells in culture. Bovine RPE cells were cultured with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum(FBS 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%) to evaluate their effects on RPE cell growth. FBS stimulated the proliferation of bovine RPE ells in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal proliferation at 20% FBS. This proliferative effect, however, was suppressed at the highest concentration(40% FBS).
Absorption ; Epithelial Cells* ; Esters ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitamin A

We analysed a retrospective study of 22 aphakic bullous keratopathy patients (22 eyes) with penetrating keratoplasty for 5 years from January 1987 to December 1991 in the Department of Ophthalmology at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 22 eyes with aphakic bullous keratopathy 16 eyes (72.7%) had previously undergone intracapsular cataract extraction, 6 eyes (27.3%) had extracapsular cataract extraction. 2. The mean time from cataract extraction to aphakic bullous keratopathy to penetrating keratoplasty was 13.8 months. 3. After keratoplasty, the visual acuity of 20 among the 22 transplants (90.9%) were significantly improved compared to the preoperative levels, however that of 2 among the 22 transplants were worse than the preoperative levels. The factors limiting postoperative visual acuity were senile macular degeneration and graft failure. 4. Postoperative complications were glaucoma (2 eyes, 9.1%), cystoid macular edema (1 eye, 4.6%) and graft failure (1 eye, 4.6%).
Cataract Extraction ; Corneal Transplantation ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Macular Degeneration ; Macular Edema ; Ophthalmology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

Cell cultures of adults bovine retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) were propagated from central and peripheral regions of the same eyes to study the topographical differences in cell growth and to compare the differences in growth rate between two areas. The results obtained were as follows: A regional variation in the morpholgy was observed between the RPE from central and that from peripheral regions. Retinal pigment epithelium from central region attached to culture dish more slowly(average 4 days) than those from peripheral region(average 3.5 days) The growth rate of retinal pigment epithelium declined with serial passage in culture. The growth rate of retinal pigment epithelium from peripheral region at the first generation was highest. And there was a statistical difference in growth rate with passing in generation(P<0.05). This study reveals that growth rate and cell activity of RPE from central region are lower than from peripheral region.
Adult ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Serial Passage

IOP was measured with 3 different tools, namely, the Pulsair peumotonometer(A), the Oculab Tono-pen(B), and the Goldmann applanation tonometer(C), in order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of each. 174 eyes without corneal opacity and corneal edema were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The correlation coefficient was 0.85(P<0.005) between A and C, 0.82(P<0.005) between B and C and 0.83(P<0.005) between A and B. The correlative formulas between the measurements of IOPs were produced to be: A = 0.73 X C + 5.49, B = 0.76 X C + 5.33, A = 0.78 X B + 3.87. 2. At low IOPs(<10 mmHg) as Measured by C(11 eyes), the correlation Coefficient was 0.81(P<0.05) between B and C. However, A and B valuse tended to be highter than C value. 3. At relatively high IOPs(>20 mmHg)as measured by C(56 eyes), the correleation coefficient was 0.83 between A and C(P<0.0001) and 0.82(P<0.0001) between B and C. However, A and B values tended to be lower than c value. 4. At relatively high IOPs(>20 mmHg)as measurde by C, the sensitivity of A was 60.53% and that of B was 73.68%. According to this study, no significant difference could be found among these three tools. However, at low IOPs(<10 mmHg), the Oculab Tono-pen and Pulsair pneumotonometer tended to show higher values than the Goldmann applanation tonometer. In case of relatively high IOPs(>20 mmHg as measured by the Goldman tonometer), the Oculab Tono-pen and Pulsair pneumotonometer tended to show lower values than the Goldmana applanation tono meter and the sensitivity of the Oculab Tono-pen showed higher than that of the Pulsair pneumotonomer.
Corneal Edema ; Corneal Opacity ; Intraocular Pressure

PURPOSE: To report a case of trichofolliculoma in the upper eyelid. METHODS: An excisional biopsy of the nodule was done on a 62-year-old male, who had a small, nodular, non-tender mass on the right upper eyelid. RESULTS: We confirmed typical trichofolliculoma which was composed of large central cystic hair follicle with many small hair follicles branching from the wall.
Biopsy ; Eyelids* ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged