No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Folliculitis* ; Hydroxyzine*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Histamine* ; Hydroxyzine* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride, a minor tranquilizer and a ataratic, was tested clinically for effectiveness as a premedicant separate dosages of 1 and 2 mg/kg. Each 30 patients were in the physical status class 1 and 2 by A.S.A. classification, and the age distribution was from 20 to 60 years. The following results were obtained. 1) Emotionally calm response was seen in 70% in the hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg (group 1), and in 93.3%, in the 2 mg/kg (group 2). 2) Mental alertness was seen in 86. 6% in group 1, and in 66. 6% in group 2. 3) Complications after premedication were chilling and shivering, hypertension, nausea, and headache, and were not serious. Therefore this premedication was satisfactory in most cases, especially in group 2.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Headache ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine* ; Hypertension ; Nausea ; Premedication ; Shivering

Sedative and antiemetic effect of hydroxyzine as a premedicant were studied and results were compared with a placebo and Talwin. Two hundred and fourty patients were evaluated. These patients were divided into 6 groups. There were fourty patients in each group. Group 1: Hydroxyzine 50mg. Group 2: Hydroxyzine 100mg. Group 3: Placebo. Group 4: Talwin 20mg. Group 5: Hydroxyzine 5pmg plus Talwie 20mg. Group 6: Hydroxyzine 100mg plus Talwin 20mg. The results were as follows; 1) Satisfactory sedation was ovtained in 75% with group I, in 92.5% with group 2, in 30% with group 3, in 40% with group 4, in 82. 5% With group 5, and in 97. 5% with group 6. Better results were obtained with hydroxyzine plus Talwin group than hydroxyzine anly. 2) The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in recovery room, 7. 5% wlth group 7. 5 % with group 3, 20% with group 4, 5%. with group 5. There was no case of nausea and vomiting in group 2 and group 6. We obtained a significant difference in antiemetic effect between Talwin only and the Talwin plus hydroxyzine group. 3) There was no adverse change on vital signs in all cases.
Antiemetics ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine* ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Pentazocine ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Recovery Room ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

Preoperative sedation of children is a difficult problem for the psychic trauma consequent to anticipation of surgery may be as a great hazard to the patient as his original disease. Until now, a number of sedatives have been used commonly for adequate sedation of pediatric patients, but no method has been uriversally accepted. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ketamine HCI(2.5mg/kg), hydroxyzine HCI(2 mg/kg) and pentazocine(1mg/kg) for preoperative mediaction was conducted in each 25 cases below 10 year old children for minor day out surgery. The obtained results were as follows; 1) Preoperative sedation effect was more better ketamine and hydroxyzine than pentazociae. 2) No clinically significant changes were observed in vital signs in hydroxyzine group. 3) Adverse reaction during induction of anesthesia was unremarkable in all groups, but bradycardia was occurred in pentasocine group. 4) Recovery time was more longer in hydroxyzine group than in the other groups.
Anesthesia ; Bradycardia ; Child* ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Ketamine ; Methods ; Vital Signs

It has been already demonstrated that the gastric acidity of crying pediatric surgical patients were less acidic than that of non-crying patients by Cote CJ and his collegues. Under the postulation that the changes of the gastric acidity and volume of crying patients might not be the same according to the amount of crying(duration or crying), this study was undertaken. 81 ASA physical status 1-2 children ages 1-14 for 1st elective operation except gastrointesti- nal surgery were selected randomly and divided into 2 groups and subdivided into 2 groups as follows: Group 1 (n=39~7, not cried Group 2 (n=42g cried Group A (n=14R cried in RR and OR Group B (n=28); cried in OR Subgoup B-1 (n= 11~7, cried as soon as arrived in OR Subgroup B-2 (n = 17); cried when attached monitoring and/or started IV All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate and hydroxyzine. Gastric samples were obtained through nasogastric tube and measured pH values with TOA PH METER MODEL HM-SES immediately after induction. The results were as follows; 1) Gastric pH In the changes of the mean pH values, there were statistical significances between groups 1 and 2(P<0.01), and between groups A and B(P<0.05), but was no statistical difference between subgroups B-1 and B-2. In comparing group A with subgroups B-1 or B-2, there was no statistcal significance between group A and subgroup B-l, but there was statistical signifi- cance between group A and subgroup B-2(P<0.05). 2) Gastric volume In the changes of the mean gastric volume(ml/kg), there were no statistical differences be- tween groups 1 and 2 and between groups A and B, but there was statistical significance be-tween subgroup B-l and B-2(P<0.05). In comparing group A with subgroups B-1 or B-2, there was no statistacal significance between group A and subgroup B-l, but there was statistically significance between group A and subgroup B-2(P<0.05). 3) Combined risk of pH and volume There were no differences in the proportion of combined risk(both gastric pH C2.5 and Ras- tric volume > or = 0.4 ml/kg) between groups 1 and 2, and between subgroups B-1 and B-2, but there were significant differences between groups A and B, and between group A and subgroup B-2 (p <0.05).
Child ; Crying* ; Gastric Acid* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyzine ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

It has been already demonstrated by Cote and his collegues that the values of crying pts gastric pH were higher than those of noncrying pts. We have previously shown that the more patients cried, the higher gastric pH they had, and speculated that this effect may be resulted from the discharged stress through the crying. The present study was performed to examine the hypothesis that parental presence and doctors conversation prior to anesthesia influence the gastric acidity and volume changes. Ninety-one ASA class I or II children, 4 to 13 years of age, were selected randomly excluded 2nd or repeated operation, gastrointestinal operation and history of disease affecting gastric acidity and volume. And divided them into two groups by their status of parental presence and doctors conversation; parents presence (G-l, N=46) or not (G-2, N=45), doctor's comforting words(G-A, N=45) or not (G-B, N=46). These patients were further analyzed by combine factors of parental presence and doctors conversation; parental presence and doctors conversation (G-IA, N=25). parental presence and no conversation (G-1B, N=21), parent not present and conversation(G-2A, N=20) and parent not present and no conversation (G-2B, N=25). Those patients who had comforting words from their doctors were further divided by their response: poor response(G-i), good response(G-ii). All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate and hydroxyzine. Gastric samples were obtained through nasogastric tube and measured pH values with TOA pH METER MODEL HM-5ES(TOA Electronics Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) immediately after induction. The results were as follows; 1) Gastric pH; There were no statistical significances between groups(P>0.05) in the changes of the mean pH values. 2) Gastric volume; There were no statistical differences between groups(P>0.05) in the changes of the mean gastric volume(ml/kg). 3) Gastric pH and volume of the response of doctors conversation, There were no statistical difference of gastric pH and volume between good and poor response groups of doctors comfortmg words(P>0.05). From these results, we concluded that parental presence and doctors conversation did not influence the gastric acidity and volume statistically. However, clinically, these results might somehow influence the gastric acidity because the values of gastric pH of G-l(2.32+/-0.69) and G-A(2.38+/-0.64) were higher than of G-2(2.38+/-0.64) and G-B(2.18+/-0.53), and the value of gastric pH of G-IA(2.40+/-0.68) was highest and G-2B(2.15+/-0.43) was lowest.
Anesthesia ; Child ; Crying* ; Gastric Acid* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyzine ; Parents* ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

Torsades de pointes is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with prolonged QT interval and increased U wave amplitude. It has been found to be induced by various drugs, electrolyte imbalances, and so on, but the mechanism of torsades de pointes has not been completely documented. Two hypotheses, early afterdepolarization and dispersion of repolarization have been known to be the possible mechanism. Terfenadine and astemizole are the antihistamines, known to be one of the etiologic agents of torsades de pointes, and factors associated with increased risk are significant liver disease, drug overdose, and concomitant administration of imidazole and macrolide antimicrobial drugs. There has been only one case reported that torsades de pointes had been induced by first-generation antihistamine, piprinhydrinate. We experienced a case of 43 year old male patient with torsades de pointes induced by first-generation antihistamine, hydroxyzine and treated successfully with drug cessation, MgSO
Adult ; Astemizole ; Drug Overdose ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine* ; Isoproterenol ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Terfenadine ; Torsades de Pointes*

The treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria begins with antihistamines; however, the dose required typically exceeds that recommended for allergic rhinitis. Second-generation, relatively non-sedating H1-receptor blockers are typically employed up to 4 times a day. First-generation antihistamines, such as hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine (Atarax or Benadryl), were employed similarly in the past. Should high-dose antihistamines fail to control symptoms (at least 50%), omalizumab at 300 mg/month is the next step. This is effective in 70% of antihistamine-refractory patients. H₂-receptor blockers and leukotriene antagonists are no longer recommended; they add little and the literature does not support significant efficacy. For those patients who are unresponsive to both antihistamines and omalizumab, cyclosporine is recommended next. This is similarly effective in 65%–70% of patients; however, care is needed regarding possible side-effects on blood pressure and renal function. Corticosteroids should not be employed chronically due to cumulative toxicity that is dose and time dependent. Brief courses of steroid e.g., 3–10 days can be employed for severe exacerbations, but should be an infrequent occurrence. Finally, other agents, such as dapsone or sulfasalazine, can be tried for those patients unresponsive to antihistamines, omalizumab, and cyclosporine.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Blood Pressure ; Cyclosporine ; Dapsone ; Diphenhydramine ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; Omalizumab ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Sulfasalazine ; Urticaria*

Recently, several studies have shown that the H2-receptor blockers can cause inhibition of cholinesstrase and neuromuscular blockade which suggest involvement of ion-chennel block in relatively large experimental dose. We investigated the effect of three H2-receptor blockers cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine on antagonism of vecuronium neuromuscular blockade. Forty ASA class 1 or 2 adult patients were studied. All patients were premedicated with hydroxyzine 1.5mg/kg and glycopyrrolat 0.2mg IM, 1hour before induction. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 5~6 mg/kg, succinylcholine 1mg/kg and was maintained with 02-N20(50%)-enflurane. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was maintained below 5% of control twitch height on TOF stimulation by combined bolus IV(0.08mg/kg) and contino=uous infusion(0.08mg/kg/hour) of vecuronium. Patients were divided into four groups according to use of H2-receptor blocker just after stop of vecuronium infusion as follows: Control group (n=10): no use of H2-receptor blocker, Cimetidine group (n=10): cimetidine 200mg IV, Rantitidine group (n=10): rantidine 50 mg IV, Famotidine group (n=10): famotidine 50 mg IV. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine(0.04mg/kg) was performed at 10% recovery of first twitch height (T1) in all cases. The recovery of T1 and T4 ratio after reversal was measured at 1min, interval for 20 min. The results were as follows: 1) The recovery of twitch height after administration of neostigmine was prolonged in all three H2-receptor blocker groups as compared to control group, but statistical significance was noted only in Famotidine group (p<0.05). 2) The changes of heart rate and mean arterial pressure after administration of neostigmine were similar in all groups.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Cimetidine ; Famotidine ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Ranitidine ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide*