The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of a new Single step system with different curing mode composites, and to evaluate the effect of the intermediate resins which have different hydrophilicity on bonding ability by means of the micro shear bond testing and TEM examination for the adhesive interface. The adhesive used in this study was an experimental single step system (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL). Experimental groups were produced by using six kinds of intermediate resin having different hydrophilicity that was hydrophilic, hydrophobic and most hydrophobic resin and as filled or not after applying adhesive. Each experimental group was further divided into two subgroups whether the adhesive was light cured or not. Dual cured composite (Bis Core, Bisco Ltd., Schaumburg, IL) was placed on the adhesive layer as light cure or self cure mode. The results of bond strength were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and multiple comparisons are made using Tukey's test at alpha < 0.05 level. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The application of intermediate resin did not increase the bond strength for light cured composite. 2. The bond strength of an experimental adhesive with self cured composite was significantly increased by the application of intermediate resin layer. 3. The bond strength of adhesive was irrespective of the cure or not of itself before intermediate resin layer applied. 4. As applied hydrophilic resin layer was, the initial bond strength was higher than both hydrophobic and most hydrophobic one used but there was no significance. Using a single step adhesive with dual/self cured composite, the incompatibility between both of them should be solved by the application of intermediate hydrophobic resin to reduce the adhesive permeability. However, Single step adhesive can be used in the light cured composite restoration without any decrease of the initial bond strength.
Adhesives* ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Permeability

Surface lubricity is one of the important performance criteria for interventional guide wire. In this paper, a review of the methods of surface hydrophilicity and lubrication modification of interventional guide wire is presented, including their fundamental principles, effects and some relative applications. These methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages, therefore, limitations of experimental conditions need to be taken into account.
Catheterization ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lubrication

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions*

It is difficult to get sufficient roughness on titanium implant surface using traditional electrochemical treatments. In this study, we have developed a new method which provides a hybrid structured titanium surface having micro/nano roughness using electrochemical treatment in NaCl electrolyte and hydrothermal treatment. Titanium disks were anodically oxidized (ANO) in 0.15M NaCl electrolyte by applying positive electric pulses. The oxide compounds loosely attached to the surface were removed by ultrasonic cleaning (ANO group). These specimens were hydrothermally (HT) treated in an alkaline solution (ANO-HT group). ANO group showed the dimpled grain surfaces with a diameter of approximately 30 µm, and its roughness (Ra) was about 2.4 µm. The nano-sized crystallites which had an anatase TiO₂ crystalline structure were uniformly distributed on the surface of ANO-HT group. This group still retained high roughness (~2.7 µm) similar to ANO group and showed high hydrophilicity. Titanium surface with high roughness and hydrophilicity was fabricated using new electrochemical treating method and hydrothermal treatment. This surface modification method could be used for enhancing the osteoconductivity of the titanium implants.
Crystallins ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Methods ; Titanium ; Ultrasonics

Polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters refer to highly hydrophilic coating films fixed on the surface of catheters with binding force, which can reduce the surface friction with human tissues during the use of interventional catheters, improve the patient comfort of and effectively reduce the incidence of infection. Based on the development process of medical catheter coating, this review summarizes recent advances in the field of polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters from types of hydrophilic coating polymer, development of coating technology and establishment of coating performance evaluation method. Main problems in this field are analyzed and development trends in the future are prospected.
Catheters ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Polymers

We pretreated sawdust (Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils) by solid state fermentation (SSF) with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and then compressed it into pellets with the moisture content of 15% and the pressure of 98 MPa, to solve the problem of low density, low Meyer hardness, high water uptake, and short storage period of pellet in the woody pellet industry. We studied the effects of fermentation time on pelletization and pellets's characteristics (including energy consumption, density, Meyer hardness, and hydrophobicity). SSF affected the heating values of pellet. Compared with fresh sawdust, SSF consumed more energy at the maximal value by 6.98% but saved extrusion energy by 32.19% at the maximum. Meanwhile, SSF could improve the density, Meyer hardness and hydrophobicity of pellet. Pellet made of sawdust pretreated by SSF for 48 d had best quality, beneficial for long-term transportation and storage of pellets.
Biofuels ; Fermentation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Phanerochaete ; Water ; Wood

The use of resorbable implants has always been attractive to surgeons because there is no need to remove implant ai'ter fracture fixation. Other advantages include decreased load sharing, multi-taskirv ancl no metal toxicity. But the strength and stiffness of resorhable implants are less than those of metallic implants. Therefore, these implants are suitahle for fixation of particular fractwre sites such as cancellous bone and epiphyscs in which shear loads comprise the major strains. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine whether there are changes in mechanical properties and tissue reactions in the polylactic acid (PLA) rod hy surface moditication using plasma coating or hexafluoropropylene (CF3CF=CF2). PLA rods were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of back and distal femur in rabbits. Rods in subcutaneous tissue were retrieved for material characterization and those in distal femur were ohtained for histologic observation at postoperative 2, 5, 12 and 16 weeks. The results were as follows; 1. The hydrophobicity of PLA surface was successfully ohtained by plasma coating of hexatluoropropylene gas. 2. Thcre is no significant change in tissue reaction. between controi and plasma coating PLA group. 3. The diametral strength and 3-points bending strength of plasma coating groups were higher than those of control group until postoperative 12 wks, but, diminished at postoperative 16 weeks. In conclusion, the plasma coating of PLA rod using fluorocarbon is a reasonable technique to incrcase the surface hydrophohicily and a promising method to delay the reduction of the strength of PLA rod. Further study on thicker plasma coating and Jong term effect including degradation, nsetaholism and excretion of cotated fluorocarhon will be needed.
Femur ; Fracture Fixation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Plasma* ; Rabbits ; Subcutaneous Tissue

According to human carboxylesterase 2(hCE2) inhibitors reported in the literature, the pharmacophore model of hCE2 inhibitors was developed using HipHop module in Discovery Studio 2016. The optimized pharmacophore model, which was validated by test set, contained two hydrophobic, one hydrogen bond acceptor, and one aromatic ring features. Using the pharmacophore model established, 5 potential hCE2 inhibitors(CS-1,CS-2,CS-3,CS-6 and CS-8) were screened from 20 compounds isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora, which were further confirmed in vitro, with the IC_(50) values of 5.04, 5.21, 5.95, 6.64 and 7.94 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. The results demonstrated that the pharmacophore model exerted excellent forecasting ability with high precision, which could be applied to screen novel hCE2 inhibitors from Chinese medicinal materials.
Carboxylesterase/metabolism* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of etched microgrooves on the hydrophilicity of Ti and osteoblast responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microgrooves were applied on Ti to have 15 and 60 micrometer width, and 3.5 and 10 micrometer depth by photolithography, respectively. Further acid etching was applied to create Ti surfaces with etched microgrooves. Both smooth- and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls. The hydrophilicity of Ti was analyzed by determining contact angles. Cell proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistics. RESULTS: Etched microgrooves significantly increased the hydrophilicity of Ti compared to the smooth Ti. 60 micrometer-wide etched microgrooves significantly enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the osteogenic activity showed statistically non-significant differences between groups. Result of the osteogenic activity significantly correlated with those of hydrophilicity and cell proliferation. Hydrophilicity was determined to be an influential factor on osteogenic activity. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that increase in hydrophilicity of Ti caused by etched microgrooves acts as an influential factor on osteogenic activity. However, statistically non-significant increase in the ALP activity suggests further investigation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; Durapatite ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; Pilot Projects ; Titanium

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Nano-scale calcium-phosphate coating on the anodizing titanium surface using ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has been recently introduced to improve the early osseointegration. However, not much is known about their surface characteristics that have influence on tissue-implant interaction. PURPOSE. This study was aimed to investigate microtopography, surface roughness, surface composition, and wettability of the titanium surface modified by the anodic oxidation and calcium phosphate coating using IBAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Commercially pure titanium disks were used as substrates. The experiment was composed of four groups. Group MA surfaces represented machined surface. Group AN was anodized surface. Group CaP/AN was anodic oxidized and calcium phosphate coated surfaces. Group SLA surfaces were sandblasted and acid etched surfaces. The prepared titanium discs were examined as follows. The surface morphology of the discs was examined using SEM. The surface roughness was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Phase components were analyzed using thin-film x-ray diffraction. Wettability analyses were performed by contact angle measurement with distilled water, formamide, bromonaphtalene and surface free energy calculation. RESULTS: (1) The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized and calcium phosphate coated specimens showed multiple micropores and tiny homogeneously distributed crystalline particles (2) The order of surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, machined group, anodized group, anodized and calcium phosphate deposited group, and sandblasted and acid etched group. (3) Anodized and calcium phosphate deposited group was found to have titanium and titanium anatase oxides and exhibited calcium phosphorous crystalline structures. (4) Surface wettability was increased in the order of calcium phosphate deposited group, machined group, anodized group, sandblasted and acid etched group. CONCLUSION: After ion beam-assisted deposition on anodized titanium, the microporous structure remained on the surface and many small calcium phosphorous crystals were formed on the porous surface. Nanoscale calcium phosphorous deposition induced roughness on the microporous surface but hydrophobicity was increased.
Calcium ; Crystallins ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Osseointegration ; Oxides ; Titanium* ; Water ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction