To study plasma hemoglobin cats were given serial enemas of 0.5 and 0.25% H2O2 with human who1e blood, single enemas of 0.5% H2O2 and single intravenous administration of 0.5% H2O2. Plasma hemoglobin levels were abnormally high in both the serial enema group and the intravenous group, while the plasma hemoglobin level was within normal range in the single enema group. Therefore a single enema of 0.5% H2O2 with human whole blood can be utilized with safety clinically for 60 to 75 minutes to relieve hypoxia.
Animal ; Anoxia/drug therapy* ; Blood* ; Cats ; Comparative Study ; Enema ; Female ; Hemoglobins/analysis* ; Hydrogen Peroxide/administration & dosage* ; Hydrogen Peroxide/therapeutic use ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to observe the color rebound and rebound rates of non-pulp discolored teeth within 1 year after routine internal bleaching to guide clinical practice and prompt prognosis. METHODS: In this work, the efficacy of bleaching was observed in 20 patients. The color of discolored teeth was measured by using a computerized colorimeter before bleaching; immediately after bleaching; and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months after bleaching. The L*, a*, and b* values of the color of cervical, mesial, and incisal parts of the teeth were obtained, and the color change amounts ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* were calculated. The overall rebound rate (P*) and the color rebound velocity (V*) were also analyzed over time. RESULTS: In 20 patients following treatment, the average ΔE* of tooth color change was 14.99. After bleaching, the neck and middle of the teeth ΔE* and ΔL* decreased in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months, and the differences were statistically significant. Meanwhile, from the 9th month after bleaching, the rebound speed was lower than that in the 1st month, and the difference was statistically significant. The incisal end of the tooth ΔE* and ΔL* decreased in the 6th, 9th, and 12th months after bleaching, and the differences were statistically significant. No significant difference was found in the rebound speed between time points. However, this rate settled after the 9th month, with an average color rebound rate of 30.11% in 20 patients. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that internal bleaching could cause a noticeable color change on pulpless teeth. The color rebound after bleaching was mainly caused by lightness (L*), which gradually decreased with time, and it was slightly related to a* and b*. The color of the teeth after internal bleaching rebounded to a certain extent with time, but the color rebound speed became stable from the 9th month. Clinically, secondary internal bleaching can be considered at this time according to whether the colors of the affected tooth and the adjacent tooth are coordinated and depending on the patient's needs.
Humans ; Tooth Bleaching/methods* ; Tooth, Nonvital/drug therapy* ; Color ; Tooth Discoloration/drug therapy* ; Tooth ; Hydrogen Peroxide/therapeutic use* ; Tooth Bleaching Agents/therapeutic use*

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; therapeutic use ; Biosensing Techniques ; Chlorhexidine ; therapeutic use ; Chlorine Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Chromatography, Gas ; Dehydroascorbic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Dental Disinfectants ; therapeutic use ; Halitosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; therapeutic use ; Mouthwashes ; therapeutic use ; Odorants ; prevention & control ; Oils, Volatile ; therapeutic use ; Oral Hygiene ; instrumentation ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; therapeutic use ; Sulfur Compounds ; analysis

An investigation of extrapulmonary oxygenation was made in dogs, rabbits and, finally, in a case of Tetralogy of Fallot using an intestinal perfusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For a single administration, 0.4 per cent H2O2 can be given safely by enema, in doses of 10ml./Kg. of body weight, this would give maximum oxygenation in both the portal vein and inferior vena cava without the formation of gas emboli. Concentrations higher than this caused gas bubbles in the portal vein. For serial administrations, 0.2 per cent H2O2 can be given by enema exchanging the intestinal contents at 10 to 15 minutes intervals. When given concomitantly with human whole blood, 1.0ml./Kg. of body weight, there is a prolonged higher oxygenation in the portal vein, inferior vena cava and femoral artery. This concentation of H2O2 would not cause gas emboli in the portal vein. Although extrapulmonary oxygenation is possible by giving oxygen by enema, this method would cause too much abdominal distension. In experiments of death by suffocation, the group given H2O2 had doubled the duration of E.K.G. activity when compared with controls. One patient with Tetralogy of Fallot, confirmed by clinical findings, X-ray studies, E.K.G. and cardiac catheterization, who was not suitable for cardiac surgery because of low mentality, was selected for this study. 0.2 per cent H2O2, 10ml. per Kg. of body weight by enema, exchanging intestinal contents at 30 minutes intervals, resulted in a marked elevation of the pO2 in the venous blood and in the inferior vena cava. There was a disappearance of finger tip and toe tip cyanosis and flushing of the soles and palms was noted during the procedure.
Acidosis, Respiratory/diagnosis ; Animals ; Asphyxia/therapy ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Child ; Dogs ; Enema ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Human ; Hydrogen Peroxide/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Tetralogy of Fallot/*therapy

AIMTo investigate the chronic cardioprotection of testosterone against ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute effect against H2O2-stress injury.

METHODSThe vas deferens were ligated bilaterally and the testes removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats, and testosterone propionate was supplemented every day. Eight weeks after gonadectomy, all the hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus to assess the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent and the infarct size. Isolated adult ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation, in which H2O2-stress injury model was copied. The myocyte contraction was determined, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by loading with fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.

RESULTSIn gonadectomy model, pretreatment with testosterone propionate significantly decreases the LDH release and the infarct size. In the isolated myocytes model, testosterone attenuated the decreases of +/- dL/dtmax and dL which produced by H2O2-stress, and prevented the production of ROS induced by H2O2-stress. Co-treatment with atractyloside or 5-HD attenuated the effect of testosterone.

CONCLUSIONThe findings show the chronic cardioprotection of testosterone against ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute effect against H2O2-stress injury via opening of mitoK(ATP) channel or/and the inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; KATP Channels ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; drug effects ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Orchiectomy ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the preventive effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the development of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) in rats and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSOne hundred twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a blank control group, with distilled water intragastric infusion (GI); an alcohol group, with alcohol GI; a 5% LBP plus alcohol GI group; and a 10% LBP plus alcohol GI group. Liver pathologic changes were studied together with the activity of serum ALT, AST, GGT, the activity of liver SOD, GSH-PX and the content of liver MDA, GSH, H2O2; CYP2E1 gene and protein expressions were also detected.

RESULTSAt the end of ten weeks, the activity of serum AST [(132.3+/-25.7) U/L, (127.5+/-29.1)U/L] and GGT [(1.9+/-0.5)U/L, (1.8+/-0.7)U/L] of the two LBP groups were all significantly lower than those of the alcohol group [serum AST (245.7+/-32.1) and GGT (4.4+/-0.6)]. At the end of ten weeks, the content of liver MDA [(5.1+/-0.3) nmol/mg, (5.1+/-0.4) nmol/mg] and H2O2 [(135.4+/-23.5) mmol/g, (132.6+/-31.8) mmol/g] of the two LBP groups were significantly lower than those of the alcohol group [MDA (14.5+/-3.2) nmol/mgprot) and H2O2 (328.5+/-45.6)]. The activity of SOD [(206.7+/-13.2)U/L, (203.2+/-18.8)U/L], GSH-PX [(13.5+/-1.4)U/mg/min, (13.6+/-1.5)U/mg/min] and the content of GSH [(65.1+/-11.0)mg/g, (66.6+/-11.1) mg/g] of the two LBP groups were all significantly higher than those of the alcohol group [SOD (116.5+/-13.6)U/mg/min, GSH-PX (7.2+/-1.6)U/mg/min and the content of GSH (30.5+/-10.7)mg/g] (P less than 0.01). At the end of five weeks, levels of CYP2E1 gene and protein expression of the two LBP groups were 0.39+/-0.04, 0.40+/-0.06 and 3.49+/-0.36, 3.29+/-0.30 respectively. At the end of ten weeks, levels of CYP2E1 gene and protein expression of the two LBP groups were 0.41+/-0.05, 0.42+/-0.08 and 3.58+/-0.30, 3.36+/-0.37 respectively. They were all significantly lower than those of the alcohol group [the gene expression (5 week: 0.74+/-0.05, 10 week: 1.02+/-0.08) and the protein expression (5 week: 5.63+/-0.44, 10 week: 7.90+/-0.26)]. There were no typical alcoholic fatty liver pathologic changes observed in the two LBP groups.

CONCLUSIONLBP can effectively prevent AFL. This may be due to its effects in inhibiting the hepatocyte CYP2E1 expression and prevention of lipid peroxidation.

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Tooth bleaching agents may weaken the tooth structure. Therefore, it is important to minimize any risks of tooth hard tissue damage caused by bleaching agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying 45S5 bioglass (BG) before, after, and during 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching on whitening efficacy, physicochemical properties and microstructures of bovine enamel. Seventy-two bovine enamel blocks were prepared and randomly divided into six groups: distilled deionized water (DDW), BG, HP, BG before HP, BG after HP and BG during HP. Colorimetric and microhardness tests were performed before and after the treatment procedure. Representative specimens from each group were selected for morphology investigation after the final tests. A significant color change was observed in group HP, BG before HP, BG after HP and BG during HP. The microhardness loss was in the following order: group HP>BG before HP, BG after HP>BG during HP>DDW, BG. The most obvious morphological alteration of was observed on enamel surfaces in group HP, and a slight morphological alteration was also detected in group BG before HP and BG after HP. Our findings suggest that the combination use of BG and HP could not impede the tooth whitening efficacy. Using BG during HP brought better protective effect than pre/post-bleaching use of BG, as it could more effectively reduce the mineral loss as well as retain the surface integrity of enamel. BG may serve as a promising biomimetic adjunct for bleaching therapy to prevent/restore the enamel damage induced by bleaching agents.
Animals ; Biomimetic Materials ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Cattle ; Ceramics ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Color ; Colorimetry ; Dental Enamel ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Glass ; analysis ; chemistry ; Hardness ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Protective Agents ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Time Factors ; Tooth Bleaching ; methods ; Tooth Bleaching Agents ; pharmacology ; Water ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction

Previous studies have indicated that the Ilex genus exhibits antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the pharmacologic action and mechanisms of Ilex cornuta against cardiac diseases have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of Ilex cornuta root with in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-oxidative effects of the extract of Ilex cornuta root (ICR) were measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging and MTT assays as well as immunoassay. Furthermore, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was established to investigate the cardioprotective effect of ICR in vivo. Eight compounds were isolated and identified from ICR and exhibited DPPH free-radical scavenging activities. They also could increase cell viability and inhibit morphological changes induced by HO or NaSO in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, followed by increasing the SOD activities and decreasing the MDA and ROS levels. In addition, it could suppress the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia, ICR decreased myocardial infarct size and suppressed the activities of LDH and CK. Furthermore, ICR attenuated histopathological alterations of heart tissues and the MDA levels, while increasing SOD activities in serum. In conclusion, these results suggest that ICR has cardioprotective activity and could be developed as a new food supplement for the prevention of ischemic heart disease.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Cardiovascular Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Ilex ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocardium ; cytology ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plant Roots ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

AIMTo study the effects of 9-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro acridine (EDT) on free radical induced injury in primary cultured rat cortical neuron and cerebral ischemia in mice.

METHODSIn primary rat cortical neuron, free radical injury model was established by 10 mumol.L-1 H2O2. The content of malondiadehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells were investigated. Chronic cerebral ischemia model was produced by occlusion of one carotid artery and pneumogastric nerve in mice. The step down test was adopted to investigate the effect of EDT on the memory impairment. The cerebra morphology and MDA, NO content and SOD activity in mice cerebra were detected.

RESULTSIn primary rat cortical culture, 0.01-3 mumol.L-1 EDT concentration-dependently inhibited the formation of MDA and reduction of SOD activity induced by 10 mumol.L-1 H2O2. In chronic cerebral ischemia, EDT 2.5, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1 ig for 5 d greatly improved the memory impairment, reduced NO efflux and MDA content, while increased SOD activity in mice cerebra.

CONCLUSIONEDT was found to protect neurons from H2O2-induced neurotoxicity and inhibit chronic cerebral ischemia mediated injury and memory impairment in mice.

Acridines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Female ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEOn basis of preliminary studies, to prepare the effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction for anti-ischemic by combining chemical analysis with pharmacological activity screening.

METHODFree radical scavenging was assayed by DPPH method; the cell viability injured by hydrogen peroxide, L-glutamate, and hypoxia was determined by MTT assay; TBA method was used to determine mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.

RESULTComprehensive analysis of multi-target results, the comprehensive activities of 40% ethanol elution and the middle layer were the highest.

CONCLUSION40% ethanol elution and the middle layer were proportionally mixed as the effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction.

Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; adverse effects ; Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar