Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that can mimic breast carcinoma or infection. The treatment options include expectant management, complete resection, and corticosteroid therapy, although no standard treatment has been established. Recently, several case reports have suggested that methotrexate is another effective treatment for GM. Here, we describe the first Korean case of recurrent GM successfully treated with low-dose weekly methotrexate and review the relevant literature.
Breast ; Granulomatous Mastitis ; Hydrazines ; Methotrexate

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that can mimic breast carcinoma or infection. The treatment options include expectant management, complete resection, and corticosteroid therapy, although no standard treatment has been established. Recently, several case reports have suggested that methotrexate is another effective treatment for GM. Here, we describe the first Korean case of recurrent GM successfully treated with low-dose weekly methotrexate and review the relevant literature.
Breast ; Granulomatous Mastitis ; Hydrazines ; Methotrexate

PURPOSE: This study examined the biomechanical stability of four different plating techniques in the experimental model of mandibular subcondyle fracture. METHODS: Twenty standardized bovine tibia bone samples (7 x 1.5 x 1.0 cm) were used for this study. Each of the four sets of tibia bone was cut to mimic a perpendicular subcondyle fracture in the center area. The osteotomized tibia bone was fixed using one of four different fixation groups (A,B,C,D). The fixation systems included single 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate (A), single 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (B), double fixation with 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate (C), double fixation with a 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate and 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (D). A bending force was applied to the experimental model using a pressure machine (858 table top system, MTS(R)) until failure occurred. The load for permanent deformation, maximum load of failure were measured in the load displacement curve with the chart recorder. RESULTS: Double fixation with a 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate and a 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (D) applied to the anterior and posterior regions of the subcondyle experimental model showed the highest load to failure. CONCLUSION: From this study, double fixation with an adaption plate and dynamic compression miniplate fixation technique produced the greatest biomechanical stability. This technique may be considered a useful means of fixation to reduce the postoperative internal maxillary fixation period and achieve early mobility of the jaw.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Hydrazines ; Jaw ; Models, Theoretical ; Tibia

Nodular fasciitis is a benign reactive myofibroblastic proliferative lesion of unknown etiology. It is classically presented as a freely mobile, solitary, rapidly growing superficial nodule. It can mimic an early mesenchymal malignancy dut to its rapid growth rate and histologic appearances such as high cellularity and mitotic activity. Nodular fasciitis of the auricular region is uncommon. Here, we describe, along with a literature review, the cases of two patients with nodular fasciitis as a tragal and infrauricular mass.
Ear, External ; Fasciitis ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Myofibroblasts

Sarcoidosis can occur as an isolated form or a part of multisystem involvement. Sinonasal involvement in sarcoidosis is rare and the septum and inferior turbinates are most commonly involved. Symptoms are nonspecific and diagnosis of isolated sinonasal sarcoidosis is difficult because it may mimic other sinonasal granulomatous disorders. Exclusion diagnosis is made according to symptoms, laboratory findings, nasal endoscopy, sinus CT, and histopathological features. In this study, we report a case of primary sarcoidosis of the nasal cavity and discuss the clinical characteristics of sinonasal sarcoidosis with a review of literature.
Endoscopy ; Hydrazines ; Nasal Cavity ; Sarcoidosis ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND: Tigecycline resistance has emerged recently and has shown diverse mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the role of efflux activity in tigecycline resistance in 120 clinical isolates of A. baumannii using two methods: the H33342 accumulation assay and adeB real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between the expression level of adeB and H33342 accumulation level. METHODS: A. baumannii clinical isolates was divided into tigecycline-resistant (49 strains), intermediate (40 strains), and susceptible (31 strains) groups. The H33342 accumulation was measured in the absence or presence of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of the adeB gene in A. baumannii clinical isolates. RESULTS: The level of H33342 accumulation in the resistant group was relatively lower than those in the other groups. The addition of CCCP caused a significantly increased fold change in H33342 accumulation in the tigecycline-resistant group. Significant difference in the fold change level in H33342 accumulation was found between tigecycline-susceptible and resistant isolates. Those findings support the role of efflux pumps of which substrates are H33342 in the resistance of tigecycline. Significant differences in the relative expression levels of adeB were shown between tigecycline-susceptible and resistant groups also. CONCLUSION: The results showed that several efflux pumps of which substrates were H33342 can contribute to tigecycline resistance. The adeB overexpression can also contribute to tigecycline resistance. It is possible that efflux pumps other than adeB efflux pumps contribute to tigecycline resistance because there was no correlation between fold change level in H33342 accumulation and adeB expression level.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

To prove the buffering contribution of mitochondria to the increase of intracellular Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) via background nonselective cation channel (background NSCC), we examined whether inhibition of mitochondria by protonophore carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) affects endothelial Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ buffering in freshly isolated rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). The ratio of fluorescence by fura-2 AM (R340/380) was measured in RAECs. Biological state was checked by application of acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh (10microM) increased R340/380 by 1.1+/-0.15 (mean+/-S.E., n=6). When the external Na+ was totally replaced by NMDG+, R340/380 was increased by 1.19+/-0.17 in a reversible manner (n=27). NMDG+-induced [Ca2+]i increase was followed by oscillatory decay after [Ca2+]i reached the peak level. The increase of [Ca2+]i by NMDG+ was completely suppressed by replacement with Cs+. When 1microM CCCP was applied to bath solution, the ratio of [Ca2+]i was increased by 0.4+/-0.06 (n=31). When 1microM CCCP was used for pretreatment before application of NMDG+, oscillatory decay of [Ca2+]i by NMDG+ was significantly inhibited compared to the control (p < 0.05). In addition, NMDG+-induced increase of [Ca2+]i was highly enhanced by pretreatment with 2microM CCCP by 320+/-93.7%, compared to the control (mean+/-S.E., n=12). From these results, it is concluded that mitochondria might have buffering contribution to the [Ca2+]i increase through regulation of the background NSCC in RAECs.
Acetylcholine ; Baths ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone ; Endothelial Cells* ; Fluorescence ; Fura-2 ; Mitochondria*

Solitary fibrous tumor is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that can arise in both pleura and extrapleural locations. This tumor is composed of spindled cells intimately admixed with collagen bundles that are arranged in a 'patternless pattern'. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells strongly express CD34 and vimentin. This tumor can mimic a variety of benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors. Rare cases of primary cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor have recently been reported and they have been added to an increasing variety of mesenchymal tumors that may primarily arise in the skin. We present here a case of primary cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor and we briefly review the relevant literature.
Collagen ; Hydrazines ; Pleura ; Scalp ; Skin ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; Vimentin

The objective of this article was to present two nonodontogenic conditions that may mimic odontogenic toothache: trigeminal neuralgia and burning mouth syndrome. Two cases are presented in which one is related to the upper left second premolar and the other is related to the upper left first molar. Both showed pain when chewing. These two cases highlight the complexities involved in diagnosing nonodontogenic toothache. This article demonstrates the importance of having a thorough knowledge of both odontogenic and nonodontogenic toothache, as well as the need for careful evaluation of the nature of the pain and history, clinical and radiographic examinations.
Bicuspid ; Burning Mouth Syndrome ; Hydrazines ; Mastication ; Molar ; Toothache ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection that chiefly occurs in immunocompromized patients and the outcome is generally fatal. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare phenotype of mucormycosis, and it usually follows direct inoculation of fungi on damaged skin. Many cutaneous infections mimic sprotrichosis, including virus, bacteria, acid-fast bacilli, fungi and protozoa, yet mucormycosis is very rare. We report on a case of cutaneous mucormycosis that mimicked sporotrichosis in a 77 years old woman.
Bacteria ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Mucormycosis ; Phenotype ; Skin ; Sporotrichosis ; Viruses