No abstract available.
Hydranencephaly*

Hydranencephaly is a rare condition in which the brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The prognosis for children with hydranencephaly is generally poor, so many children with this disorder die before the age of 1 year. We experienced a patient with hydranencephaly who showed prolonged survival until age of 22 years. To our limited knowledge, this case may be the longest survival of a patient with hydranencephaly in the world.
Adult* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cerebrum ; Child ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly* ; Prognosis

Hydranencehaly is an abnormality consisting of complete or almost absence of the cerebral hemispheres, which are replaced by a large fluid-filled cavity. The midbrain and brain stem are relatively intact, and rudiments of frontal, temporal and occipital cortex may be present. We diagnosed it through the evaluation of clinical features, prenatal US (intrauterine pregnancy, 37 wks) and brain CT. Authors have experienced a case of hydranencephaly combined with twin pregnancy and reported with a brief literature review.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly* ; Mesencephalon ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

Hydranencephaly is congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres which are replaced by a large fluid-filled cavity. The brain stem and basal ganglia are well formed and rudiments of frontal k occipital cortex may be present. We experienced a case of hydranencephaly caused by both internal carotid artery stenosis. We diagnosed it through the brain CT sonogram and doppler sonogram. A brief review of the related literatures was made.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Cerebrum ; Hydranencephaly*

Hydranencephaly is a rare condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by membranous sacs containing cerebrospinal fluid. Major causes of hydranencephaly include occlusive diseases of the supraclinoid part of internal carotid artery. Magnetic resonance(MR) imaging and MR angiography are the most reliable diagnostic tools for examining the major cerebral arteries in hydranencephaly. We present the MRI and MRA findings in a case of hydranencephaly with a review of the literature.
Angiography* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cerebrum ; Hydranencephaly* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The term hydranencephaly designates the condition in which large protions of the cerebral hemispheres have been reduced to membranous sacs within a cranium of relatively normal size. Only basal ganglia and remnants of the mesencephalon are found at the base of the skull. We have experienced the 2 cases of infantile hydranencephaly. In surveying the pathogenesis of the hydranencephaly, it becomes apparent that the distribution of most of the lesions falls into certain distinct patterns, which is characterized by almost completely absent of both cerebral hemispheres and by relative gross preservation of the basal ganglia, a portion of lower temporal and occipital and contents of the posterior fossa in our experienced 2 cases. In our cases, the condition may present a defect in vascular ontogenesis or the outcome of vascular occlusion of both internal carotid arteries and their main branches on carotid angiogram and CT scan. This paper presents the essential features for the clinical diagnosis, suggesting pathogenesis in 2 cases of infantile hydranencephaly.
Basal Ganglia ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrum ; Diagnosis ; Hydranencephaly* ; Mesencephalon ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Hydranencephaly is a condition in which cerebral hemisheres are absent and reduced to fluid-filled sacs in a normal skull. Numerous causes have been proposed, but bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries during early fetal development can explain most of the pathologic abnormalities. We evaluated a case of hydranencephaly by brain CT and magnetic resonance angiography. Magnetic resonance angiography showed flow within the vertebral and basilar arteries without internal carotid intracranial flow above the supraclinoid segment. A brief review of the related literature was given on this subject.
Basilar Artery ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Fetal Development ; Hydranencephaly* ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Skull

Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital disease defined as an absence of cerebral hemispheres with an intact thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Generally, patients with hydranencephaly require cerebro-spinal fluid diversion due to progressive hydrocephalus. An excellent view of the choroid plexus and advancement of the neurosurgical endoscope were possible, leading to easy coagulation of the choroid plexus to balance cerebro-spinal fluid production without the use of a shunt device. We present this rare case and good treatment outcome from endoscopic coagulation of the choroid plexus.
Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Choroid Plexus* ; Endoscopes ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly* ; Hydrocephalus ; Thalamus ; Treatment Outcome

In hydranencephaly, the cerebral hemispheres are absent or represented by membranous sacs with remnants of frontal, temporal or occipital cortex dispersed over the membrane. The brain stem is relatively intact. The cause of hydranencephaly is unknown, but bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries during early fetal development can explain most of the pathologic abnormalities. We evaluated a case of hydranencephaly by magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. MR angiography shows both common, external carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries with no delineation of both internal carotid arteries from their origins. A brief review of the related literature was given on this subject.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Brain Stem ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrum ; Fetal Development ; Hydranencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography* ; Membranes

Hydranencephaly is a condition that is characterized by an absent brain mantle along with the subadjacent white matter, with replacement of the cerebral hemispheres by a thin-walled membranous sac containing CSF. During brain sonograpy in a neonate with hydranencephaly, we have found a brain-in-brain appearance as an unusual sonographic artifact. We report here on this interesting sonographic artifact in a neonate with hydranencephaly, and this artifact was due to multipath reflection artifact of the ultrasound beam/wave, and we explain the underlying physics.
Artifacts ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly ; Infant, Newborn