No abstract available.
Hydralazine*

Priapism is a well recognized complication of some oral medications. Those most commonly cited are: antipsychotic drugs, especially the phenolhiazine: trazodone and chlorpromazine :and the antihyperlensive drugs hydralazine, guanethidine and prazocin. We report a case or priapism associated with the use of chlorpromazine who experienced 2 episodes or priapism and never experience priapism after cessation of the drug.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Chlorpromazine* ; Guanethidine ; Hydralazine ; Priapism* ; Trazodone

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate whether the degree of hypotension influences blood loss during spinal surgery. METHOD: Fifty patients undergoing only one level spinal fusion were assigned to one of three groups. In group 1 (n = 14), the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was maintained at 100 120 mmHg with enflurane. In groups 2 (n = 18) and 3 (n = 18), the SBP were maintained at 80 100 and 60 80 mmHg, respectively. Hydralazine and esmolol were used in the hypotensive groups. RESULTS: Blood losses during operation in groups 2 (554 +/- 287 ml) and 3 (456 +/- 162 ml) were significantly lower than in group 1 (1141 +/- 690 ml) (P < 0.05), although there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. The percentage of patients receiving transfusions during the operation in groups 1 and 2 were 57.1 and 5.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that a moderate reduction in SBP (80 - 100 mmHg) reduces blood loss by more than half in comparison to a mild reduction in SBP (100 - 120 mmHg). However, a severe reduction in SBP (60 - 80 mmHg) does not increase the reduction in blood loss in comparison to moderate hypotension.
Blood Pressure ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension* ; Spinal Fusion

BACKGROUND: Controlled hypotension improves surgical field and decreases transfusion requirement in surgical patients and can be induced with various kinds of drugs including esmolol and hydralazine. METHODS: This study examined the effect of a combination of esmolol and hydralazine as hypotensive agents in spine surgery. In the esmolol group (n = 15), after boluses of esmolol (0.5 mg/kg) injection, esmolol was infused to maintain the mean arterial pressure of 55-65 mmHg. In the hydralazine-esmolol group (n = 15), hydralazine (0.3 mg/kg) was administered 15 minutes before esmolol injection which was done in the same way as that of the esmolol group. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure decreased to the target range more rapidly in the hydralazine-esmolol group. The heart rate was increased by hydralazine, but reduced by esmolol. The cardiac output remained elevated after hydralazine injection in the hydralazine-esmolol group, and decreased significantly by esmolol in the esmolol group. The administered dose of esmolol was much less in the hydralazine-esmolol group than in the esmolol group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that hydralazine can enhance the efficacy of esmolol-induced controlled hypotension. It can reduce the requirement of esmolol and maintain a higher cardiac output during hypotension.
Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydralazine* ; Hypotension ; Hypotension, Controlled* ; Spine*

If hypertensive emergencies are left untreated, multiple damages on heart, brain and kindney can develop. So rapid control of blood pressure within safty with effective antihypertensive agents is mandatory. For the comparison of antihypertensive effects among hydralazine (IV or IM), clonidine (IV), and nifedipine (sublingual) in hypertensive emergency, which were frequently used in our hospital, we performed propective study with hypertensive emergency patients(243 cases) who visited emergency room from Oct. 1986 until Aug. 1987. The results are as follows ; 1) For 58 patients who recieved hydralazine (IV or IM), initial mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) was 167.2+/-21.5mmHg and 15 minutes later 138.9+/-24.4mmHg, 45 minutes later 141.7+/-21.1mmHg, 90 minutes later, 133.9+/-26.6mmHg and, respectively. For 55patients who recived clonidine(IV), initial MAP was 164+/-21.9mmHg and 15minytes later 137.4+/-18.9mmHg, 45 minutes later 127.5+/-34.9mmHg, respectively. For 130 patients who recived nifedipine(sublingual), initial MAP was 159.8+/-21.4mmHg and 15 minutes later 143.0+/-22.8mmHg, 45 minutes later 127.5+/-21.1mmHg, 90 minutes later 119.3+/-20.0mmHg, respectibely. 2) Pulse rate showed 12.9% increase afer administration of hydralazine, 15.8% decrease in clonidine, 5.6% increase in nifedipine, respectively. 3)Severe reduction of blood pressure(systolic BP<130mmHG) after administration of following antihypertensive agents was found. i.e., hydralazine 5.2%, clonidine 1.8%, nifedipine 1.5%, respectively. 4) In 4 cases(6.9%) out of the 58 cases using hydralazine, 3 cases(5.5%) out of the 55 cases using clonidine, 9 cases(6.9%) out of the 130 cases using nifedipine, acute paradoxic hyertensive effects were observed.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Clonidine* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydralazine* ; Nifedipine*

BACKGROUND: Hydralazine produces cerebral vasodilation, which could appear differently according to which kind of anesthetics was used. SjO2, CBF and AJDO2 have been studied during general anesthesia with enflurane, isoflurane or propofol in 42 patients undergoing spinal surgery. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult patients were divided into Group P (Propofol-N2O, n = 15), Group E (Enflurane-N2O, n = 15) and Group I (Isoflurane-N2O, n = 12). During the course of the study, the anesthetic concentration was constant. Induced hypotension was provided with hydralazine 20 mg in combination with a continuous infusion of esmolol within 50 - 100ng/kg/min. Arterial blood and jugular bulb blood were obtained and analyzed at normotensive and hypotensive period, respectively. SjO2, was compared within and between groups. RESULTS: SjO2 values of Group P were 66.2 +/- 7.7%, and 81.5 +/- 6.1%, those of Group E were 79.5 +/- 5.6%, and 78.9 +/- 4.9% and those of Group I were 82.0 +/- 6.2%, and 84.4 +/- 3.7% at normotension and hypotension, respectively (P < 0.05 between Group P and Group E, P < 0.05 between Group P and Group I, P < 0.05 within Group P). CONCLUSIONS: When the changes of CBF is assumed with that of SjO2, it may be concluded that CBF increased with hydralazine-induced hypotension in propofol-N2O anesthesia. It may be suggested that hydralazine reverses propofol induced cerebral vasoconstriction.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension* ; Isoflurane* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation

The usually stable body temperature of homeothermic animals can be affected by innumerable biolagical and physical agents. Neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, synthetic drugs will cause an elevation or depression in body temperature depending on the dose, species and route of administration. The effects of clonidine (0.15 mg/kg), hydralazine (1 mg/kg), nifedipine (1 mg/kg) and verapamil (5 mg/kg) on rectal temperature in Sprague-Dawley rats were assessed 15, 30 and 45 min. After intraperitoneal injection of drugs. The results were as follows; 1) Rectal temperature of rats was significantly increased in clonidine group compared with hydralazine group. However, there were no significant changes in other groups. 2) In hydralazine group, there was highly significant decrease in rectal temperature of rats compared with control, clonidine and nifedipine group. 3) Rectal temperature of rats was significantly increase in nifedipine group compared with hydralazine group. However, there were no significant differences in changes of rectal temperature between nifedipine and other groups. 4) Rectal temperature of rats no significantly changes in verapamil group compared with other groups.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents* ; Body Temperature* ; Clonidine ; Depression ; Hydralazine ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nifedipine ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Verapamil

Sinus Bradycardia per se does not necessitate therapy. In fact, its presence often implies good health or a good prognosis. A 56-year-old patient, whose pulse rate was about 35 beats per minute and blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg, underwent total gastrectomy under general anesthesia. Ventricular dysrhythmia occurred after the second dose of gallamine managed with lidocaine, and after the administration of atropine and ephednne managed with hydralazine. Authors report this case with the evaluation of references.
Anesthesia, General ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia* ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Gastrectomy ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension* ; Lidocaine ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

Sinus Bradycardia per se does not necessitate therapy. In fact, its presence often implies good health or a good prognosis. A 56-year-old patient, whose pulse rate was about 35 beats per minute and blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg, underwent total gastrectomy under general anesthesia. Ventricular dysrhythmia occurred after the second dose of gallamine managed with lidocaine, and after the administration of atropine and ephednne managed with hydralazine. Authors report this case with the evaluation of references.
Anesthesia, General ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia* ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Gastrectomy ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension* ; Lidocaine ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Induced hypotension reduces blood loss in the surgical field and provides better visibility, but may produce ischemic damage to the liver. The purpose of this study is to compare liver function after induced hypotension between general anesthesia with enflurane and isoflurane in spinal surgery. METHODS: Forty patients were randomly allocated to enflurane (group 1, n = 20) and isoflurane (group 2, n = 20) group. During operation, hypotension was induced with hydralazine to maintain systolic blood pressure between 60 to 80 mmHg in both groups. Preoperative and postoperative 1, 3, 5 and 7 days' serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. RESULTS: In group 1, SGOT levels increased significantly at postoperative 1, 3 days, and SGPT levels increased significantly at postoperative 3, 5, 7 days. In group 2, SGOT levels increased significantly at postoperative 1, 3, 5, 7 days, and SGPT levels increased significantly at postoperative 3, 5, 7 days, but there was no significant difference between the groups in SGOT and SGPT levels. ALP levels decreased at postoperative 1, 3, 5 days in group 1, and at postoperative 1, 3 days in group 2; however, there was no significant difference between the groups in ALP levels except in preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is no difference in postoperative liver function between general anesthesia with enflurane and isoflurane in spinal surgery after induced hypotension.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Pressure ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension* ; Isoflurane* ; Liver* ; Pyruvic Acid