The inhibitory effect of rice(Oryza sartiva L., illpumbyeo) against mutagenicity induced by tryptophan pyrolysates were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Both methanol extracts of obtained from brown and white rice were found to possess strong activites of inhibiting the mutagenicities of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyriod[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-2) on Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. As the concentration of methanol extract increased, inhibitory effect on mutagenicity increased but reached at steady state as inhibition rate of 90% when the concentration was above 10mg/plate. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) in inhibitory effect of methanol extracts between brown and white rice against tryptophan pyrolysates.
Methanol ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Tryptophan*

The Saemaul Undong has brought great improvements tothe life-style environment of rural communities, but it has not been able to focuson a health program. In order to improve rural health, develop human resources, and utilise the nation's manpower, the Saemaul Undong should focus on a community health project. Mobilizing the manpower for such a project can be done by providing. opportunities for youth and young adults, especially village women, to betrained as primary health caretakers. This project can be achieved through the joint support of the Ministry of Horne Affairs, the Ministry of health and Social Affairs, and other Ministries. It will take decision and courage by government officials to implement, such a grand plan, but it is a very crucial task to promote primary health care throughout the whole nation. This calls for top leader's concern & will to adovocate and support a "Saemaul Movement for health", giving health asfirst priority to the Saemaul Undong as afresh political drive of the fifth Republic of Korea Government.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Education* ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea* ; Occupational Groups ; Primary Health Care ; Republic of Korea ; Rural Health ; Rural Population ; Young Adult

A hemorrhagic disease due to acquired prothrombin complex deficiency is presented in five infants from 3 weeks to 2 months of age. There are 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage, 1 case of hemothorax, 2 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 case of epistaxis and 3 cases of petechia, purpura or bleeding from injection site. After the administration of vitamin K, bleeding ceased and prolonged prothrombin time was corrected promptly. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor deficiency due to vitamin K deficiency is accounted for the pathogenesis of bleeding. Diarrhea, treatment with antimicrobial agents and a diet low in vitamin K are suggested as etiologic factors acting together.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Epistaxis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Infant ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Osteopetrosis ; Prothrombin ; Prothrombin Time ; Purpura ; Vitamin K ; Vitamin K Deficiency

A hemorrhagic disease due to acquired prothrombin complex deficiency is presented in five infants from 3 weeks to 2 months of age. There are 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage, 1 case of hemothorax, 2 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 case of epistaxis and 3 cases of petechia, purpura or bleeding from injection site. After the administration of vitamin K, bleeding ceased and prolonged prothrombin time was corrected promptly. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor deficiency due to vitamin K deficiency is accounted for the pathogenesis of bleeding. Diarrhea, treatment with antimicrobial agents and a diet low in vitamin K are suggested as etiologic factors acting together.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Epistaxis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Infant ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Osteopetrosis ; Prothrombin ; Prothrombin Time ; Purpura ; Vitamin K ; Vitamin K Deficiency

No abstract available.

Use of non-selective drugs to kill cancer cells means that healthy cells will inevitably be damaged and many patients will suffer severe side-effects. New therapies are continuously being sought to reduce the mortality from cancer. The targeted cancer therapy has been developed with advances in molecular biology and technology. Over the last several decades, a wealth of knowledge has emerged regarding the molecular events involved in human cancer. Understanding the molecular events in tumorigenesis and mechanism would provide knowledge in searching for novel targets.Through our understanding of signaling pathways regulating cellular growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis, numerous targets for anticancer agents have emerged. The targets usually include EGFR, transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, farnesyl transferase, angiogenesis, and metalloproteinase. It has become clear that targeted therapy is the important novel strategy for treatment of cancer through preclinical clinical trials.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Targeted Therapy* ; Mortality ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Transferases

PURPOSE: Abnormalities of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain occur in some patients with phenylketonuria(PKU). The purpose of this study was to evaluate relation between MR findings, age and serum phenylalanine level. METHODS: We investigated sixteen patients with biochemically documented PKU who also underwent MRI. Typical classic form was in thirteen patients, atypical in other two patients and malignant hyperphenylalaninemia in the other two patients. We evaluated signal intensity, the distribution of abnormal signal intensity, and the extent of the brain atrophy in MRI, and possible clinical correlation between age and serum phenylalanine level and abnormal signal intensity. RESULTS: MRI scans revealed areas of abnormally increased signal intensity on T2- weighted images in 10(62%) patients, preferably involving the parieto-occipital lobes. In one advanced case, the high signal intensity of both the parietal and frontal lobes was seen on T2-weighted images, and brain atrophy and gyriform enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images. In six(38%) patients, the findings were normal. No abnormalities were found in the basal ganglia, brain stem and cerebellum. Nine patients were under age of 5 years old. There were no remarkable difference in the average serum phenylalanine levels for the various groups having different degree of MRI abnormalities(normal, mild, moderate, and severe - 26,4 mg/dL, 27.6 mg/dL, 28.2 mg/dL, and 20.8 mg/dL, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although MR findings were not specific, PKU patients showed symmetrical high signal intensity, predominantly in the peritrigonal region. In the advanced case, on T2-weighted images, high signal intensity extended to the periventricular and subcortical white matter. There was no correlation between age, serum phenylalanine level and severity of high signal intensity.
Atrophy ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Child, Preschool ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylketonurias ; Rabeprazole

BACKGROUND: The timing of administration may be an important factor in order to obtain maximal antagonizing effect of anticholinesterase on neuromuscular blockade. The objective of this study is to seek for the optimal administration time of pyridostigmine for reducing the recovery time of vecuronium. METHODS:Thirty patients were devided into three groups,who were receiving intravenously pyridostigmine (0.2 mg/kg) at 10% (group 1), 20% (group 2) and 25% (group 3) recovery of T1. The recovery indices (RI: time taken for T1 to recover from 25 to 75% of control) and recovery time (time taken for T1 to recover from 5% to 20, 25, 50 & 75%) in vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) neuromuscular blockade were checked and compared between 3 groups using train of four stimulation with Relaxograph(Datex co., Finland). RESULTS: The recovery time (T5-20, T5-25, T5-50, T5-75) was significantly faster in the group 1 than the group 3. But there were no significant differences in recovery indices (RI) between 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Provided there is a slightest evidence of spontaneous recovery, early administration of anticholinesterse will reduce the recovery time of nondepolarizing neuromuscular block. But it can not affect the dissociation rate of vecuronium (KD) and there were no significant differences in recovery indices.
Humans ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pyridostigmine Bromide* ; Vecuronium Bromide

The tactile DBS and TOF fade evaluated intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium was studied in 40 cases who were ASA 1 or 2 adult patients. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 1 hour before induction, and inducted with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, O2-N2O(50%) and enflurane(2%). The patients were randomly divided to two groups according to the mode of nerve stimulation: TOF group(n=20) and DBS group(n=20). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist using INNERVATOR(fisher & Paykel Co.). For both stimulation patterns the frequencies of manually detectable fade in the response to stimulation were undetectable fade in both group after vecuronium(0.1mg/kg) injection intravenousely. The response of tracheal intubation was appreciated based on vocal cord reflex, coughing or barking, and jaw relaxation. The time from administration of vecuronium to undetectable fade was 214.2+/-68.5 in TOF group and 250.2+/-51.8 in DBS group but no statistical difference. In addition, intubation conditions in DBS group were little better than in TOF group but it was also no significant. Conclusively, there was no different between TOF and DBS fade to evaluate the intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium.
Adult ; Cough ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Intubation* ; Jaw ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Vocal Cords ; Wrist

The tactile DBS and TOF fade evaluated intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium was studied in 40 cases who were ASA 1 or 2 adult patients. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 1 hour before induction, and inducted with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, O2-N2O(50%) and enflurane(2%). The patients were randomly divided to two groups according to the mode of nerve stimulation: TOF group(n=20) and DBS group(n=20). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist using INNERVATOR(fisher & Paykel Co.). For both stimulation patterns the frequencies of manually detectable fade in the response to stimulation were undetectable fade in both group after vecuronium(0.1mg/kg) injection intravenousely. The response of tracheal intubation was appreciated based on vocal cord reflex, coughing or barking, and jaw relaxation. The time from administration of vecuronium to undetectable fade was 214.2+/-68.5 in TOF group and 250.2+/-51.8 in DBS group but no statistical difference. In addition, intubation conditions in DBS group were little better than in TOF group but it was also no significant. Conclusively, there was no different between TOF and DBS fade to evaluate the intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium.
Adult ; Cough ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Intubation* ; Jaw ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Vocal Cords ; Wrist