Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has emerged as a significant clinical concern due to its high prevalence and serious psychological consequences. From a psychoanalytic perspective, NSSI is closely associated with the expression of thanatos and aggressive drives, while ego psychology interprets it as a manifestation of fragile ego functions. Object relations theory connects NSSI to borderline instability, which arises from an inability to achieve object constancy. These foundational concepts have given rise to various psychological models over the past two decades. This review examines the development of theoretical models that ex-plain the psychological mechanisms underlying NSSI and discusses their therapeutic implications. Traditional models, such as the Four-Function Model, Experiential Avoidance Model, and Integrated Model, primarily focus on the functions of NSSI and its role in emotion regulation, emphasizing the concept of negative reinforcement. In contrast, more recent models, including the Emo-tional Cascade Model, Cognitive-Emotional Model, and Benefits and Barriers Model, highlight the interplay between cognitive strategies and emotional responses. These newer models propose a more comprehensive and individualized approach by incorpo-rating cognitive restructuring and barrier enhancement, alongside cognitive and social factors. Currently, there is a lack of “wellestablished” evidence-based treatments for NSSI. Existing interventions primarily target the improvement of emotion regulation skills through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. However, the integration of cognitive and social elements from recent models may facilitate the development of more tailored and effective treatment strategies. Future efforts should focus on the creation of personalized interventions that address individual differences in cognitive expectations and barri-ers related to NSSI and assess their effectiveness.

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between goodness-of-fit for mother-preschool child dyads and parenting stress experienced by the mother. METHODS: Study participants were 500 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of ten kindergartens or infant schools in M City or B City. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Comparison of goodness-of-fit scores for mother-preschool child dyad according to the characteristics of the participants, showed a significant difference according to child's age, gender, and birth order, mother's education and occupation, father's age and education, family income, and the chief caregiver in the family. There was a positive correlation between goodness-of-fit scores for mother-child dyad and parenting stress scores for mothers. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate a need to identify differences between children's behavioral problems and parenting styles according to the degree of discord in the mother-child temperaments. It is also necessary to develop and apply nursing programs to promote harmonizing of temperaments, programs in which the characteristics of the child and the mother are considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Parenting ; *Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and depression. METHODS: From June to July, 2017, a convenience sample of 226 nursing students was recruited. Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: 68.1% (154) respondents experienced emotional abuse, and 48.1% (110) emotional neglect in childhood emotional trauma. The average depression score was 10.76. There were 54.4% (123), 34.5% (78), 12.8% (29), and 7.1% (16) of respondents with mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The average interpersonal skills score was 3.59. There was a significant correlation between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect), interpersonal skills and depression. And the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression was significant. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal skills play a role as a moderating variable influencing the relationship between emotional neglect of childhood emotional trauma and depression, and also reduce the effects of childhood emotional trauma on depression. When developing a depression prevention program for nursing college students, such programs should consider strategies to reduce the negative effects of childhood emotional trauma and to improve interpersonal skills.
Depression ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychological Trauma ; Social Skills ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Bilirubin values may vary depending on the site of sampling. The purpose of this study is to compare simultaneously obtained capillary and venous serum bilirubin to assess neonatal jaundice. METHODS: The subjects for the study included 135 healthy inborn as well as outborn full-term infants admitted to Dong-Eui Medical Center for evaluation of jaundice from May 1997 to February 1999. A paired capillary and venous sample was simultaneously drawn from each neonate, and their serum bilirubins were measured by direct spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: A high correlation between capillary and venous serum bilirubin(correlation coefficient(r) =0.949, P<0.05) was observed. No significant difference between mean capillary and venous bilirubin was detected when capillary bilirubin was less than 10 mg/dL(P>0.05), however, the mean venous bilirubin was significantly higher than the mean capillary bilirubin(mean difference;0.65+/-1.04 mg/dL, P<0.0001) when the capillary bilirubin was greater or equal to 10 g/dL(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a trend toward venous bilirubin being higher than capillary bilirubin at higher serum bilirubin levels. However, further studies are needed to ascer-tain the relationship between the site of the sampling and methodology in measurement of bilirubin.
Bilirubin* ; Capillaries* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*

Dystrophic calcifications themselves in the breast are classified as typically benign according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. However, we experienced a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma surrounding large dystrophic calcifications that could be regarded as long-standing benign conditions such as fat necrosis or hematoma. A 61-year-old woman presented with two large dystrophic calcifications within an irregular mass in the right upper outer breast on mammography. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular mass with dense calcifications showing strong posterior acoustic shadowing. On contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, an irregular mass showed a persistent enhancement pattern and high signal intensity on a diffusion weighted image with non-enhancing areas corresponding to the calcifications. No abnormal uptake was observed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Invasive ductal carcinoma was observed on ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy. In this case, we conclude that typical dystrophic calcifications within a breast mass cannot guarantee a benign diagnosis if the imaging characteristics of the mass are suspicious.
Acoustics ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Diffusion ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Ultrasonography

Intramural pregnancy is one of the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy. The pathologic diagnosis of the intramural ectopic pregnancy requires that the myometrium surrounds the products of conception separated from the endometrial cavity or fallopian tubes. Because the early diagnosis is very difficult, most cases are found after the onset of complications such as a uterine rupture or hemoperitoneum. The previous histories of curettage, cesarean section, myomectomy, salpingectomy and manual removal of the placenta are known as possible etiology of the intramural pregnancy. We have recently experienced a case of intramural pregnancy after 10 times of curettages and are reporting with a brief review of the literatures.
Animals ; Cesarean Section ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Fertilization ; Hemoperitoneum ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Placenta ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Salpingectomy ; Uterine Rupture

One hundred and twenty-two strains of E. coli isolated from urinary tract infection were examined for antibiogram, transferability of trimethoprim (Tp) resistance, incompatibility with F group plasmid and southem hybridization with DHFR I, II, and III probe of Tp-resistant R plasmids. 1. Among 172 Gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infection, 122 (70.9%) were E. coli and 75 strains of them were resistant to trimethoprim (Tp). Most of Tp-resistant isolates were also resistant to penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin), aminoglycosides (kanamycin and gentamicin), and sulfisoxazole but almost all strains were susceptible to cephalosporins. 2. Most of Tp-resistant strains and E. coli transconjugant derived from them showed multiple drug resistance and various antimicrobial resistance patterns. 3. Thirty-three Tp-resistant strains (45.2%) transferred 35 Tp-resistant plasmids to E. coli recipients but among them 6 transconjugants did not show retransfer of resistance and plasmid DNA were not detected in 2 transconjugants after resistance transfer. 4. Tp-resistant R plasmids ranged from 157 to 67 kb and 8 R plasmids were classified to incompatibilty group IncFI or IncFII ranging from 120 to 83 kb. Three and two R plasmids belonged to IncFII showed similar molecular weight, resistance pattern, and reaction site by southern hybridization with DHFR I probe. Twenty-five plasmids specifically responded on various EcoRI endonuclease fragments to DHFR I probe but not to DHFR II or DHFR III probe. These findings suggest that most of Tp- resistant R plasmids from urine isolates of E. coli were derived from various sources but some plasmids including IncFII R plasmids were probably originated from same or similar sources.
Aminoglycosides ; Carbenicillin ; Cephalosporins ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; DNA ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Weight ; Penicillins ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Sulfisoxazole ; Trimethoprim Resistance* ; Trimethoprim* ; Urinary Tract Infections