No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; Mice*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between goodness-of-fit for mother-preschool child dyads and parenting stress experienced by the mother. METHODS: Study participants were 500 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of ten kindergartens or infant schools in M City or B City. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Comparison of goodness-of-fit scores for mother-preschool child dyad according to the characteristics of the participants, showed a significant difference according to child's age, gender, and birth order, mother's education and occupation, father's age and education, family income, and the chief caregiver in the family. There was a positive correlation between goodness-of-fit scores for mother-child dyad and parenting stress scores for mothers. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate a need to identify differences between children's behavioral problems and parenting styles according to the degree of discord in the mother-child temperaments. It is also necessary to develop and apply nursing programs to promote harmonizing of temperaments, programs in which the characteristics of the child and the mother are considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Parenting ; *Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and depression. METHODS: From June to July, 2017, a convenience sample of 226 nursing students was recruited. Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: 68.1% (154) respondents experienced emotional abuse, and 48.1% (110) emotional neglect in childhood emotional trauma. The average depression score was 10.76. There were 54.4% (123), 34.5% (78), 12.8% (29), and 7.1% (16) of respondents with mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The average interpersonal skills score was 3.59. There was a significant correlation between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect), interpersonal skills and depression. And the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression was significant. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal skills play a role as a moderating variable influencing the relationship between emotional neglect of childhood emotional trauma and depression, and also reduce the effects of childhood emotional trauma on depression. When developing a depression prevention program for nursing college students, such programs should consider strategies to reduce the negative effects of childhood emotional trauma and to improve interpersonal skills.
Depression ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychological Trauma ; Social Skills ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Bilirubin values may vary depending on the site of sampling. The purpose of this study is to compare simultaneously obtained capillary and venous serum bilirubin to assess neonatal jaundice. METHODS: The subjects for the study included 135 healthy inborn as well as outborn full-term infants admitted to Dong-Eui Medical Center for evaluation of jaundice from May 1997 to February 1999. A paired capillary and venous sample was simultaneously drawn from each neonate, and their serum bilirubins were measured by direct spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: A high correlation between capillary and venous serum bilirubin(correlation coefficient(r) =0.949, P<0.05) was observed. No significant difference between mean capillary and venous bilirubin was detected when capillary bilirubin was less than 10 mg/dL(P>0.05), however, the mean venous bilirubin was significantly higher than the mean capillary bilirubin(mean difference;0.65+/-1.04 mg/dL, P<0.0001) when the capillary bilirubin was greater or equal to 10 g/dL(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a trend toward venous bilirubin being higher than capillary bilirubin at higher serum bilirubin levels. However, further studies are needed to ascer-tain the relationship between the site of the sampling and methodology in measurement of bilirubin.
Bilirubin* ; Capillaries* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*

Dystrophic calcifications themselves in the breast are classified as typically benign according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. However, we experienced a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma surrounding large dystrophic calcifications that could be regarded as long-standing benign conditions such as fat necrosis or hematoma. A 61-year-old woman presented with two large dystrophic calcifications within an irregular mass in the right upper outer breast on mammography. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular mass with dense calcifications showing strong posterior acoustic shadowing. On contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, an irregular mass showed a persistent enhancement pattern and high signal intensity on a diffusion weighted image with non-enhancing areas corresponding to the calcifications. No abnormal uptake was observed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Invasive ductal carcinoma was observed on ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy. In this case, we conclude that typical dystrophic calcifications within a breast mass cannot guarantee a benign diagnosis if the imaging characteristics of the mass are suspicious.
Acoustics ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Diffusion ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Microvascular decompression with retromastoid craniotomy carries an especially high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this study, we compare the antiemetic efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in patients undergoing microvascular decompression with retromastoid craniotomy. METHODS: Using balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil infusion, ondansetron 8 mg (group O, n = 31) or ramosetron 0.3 mg (group R, n = 31) was administered at the dural closure. The incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting, required rescue medications and the incidence of side effects were measured at post-anesthetic care unit, 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Independent t-tests and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were no differences in the demographic data between groups, except for a slightly longer anesthetic duration of group R (P = 0.01). The overall postoperative 48 hour incidences of nausea and vomiting were 93.6 and 61.3% (group O), and 87.1 and 51.6% (group R), respectively. Patients in group R showed a less severe degree of nausea (P = 0.02) and a lower incidence of dizziness (P = 0.04) between 6 and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The preventive efficacy of ramosetron when used for postoperative nausea and vomiting was similar to that of ondansetron up to 48 hours after surgery in patients undergoing microvascular decompression with retromastoid craniotomy. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm our findings.
Antiemetics* ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Craniotomy* ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Incidence ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery* ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting

BACKGROUD: Ephedrine has been most commonly used for the prevention and treatment of hypotension occurring frequently during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. But recent studies reported that phenylephrine was more effective for treatment of maternal hypotension and for prevention of fetal acidosis than ephedrine. We compared effect of phenylephrine, ephedrine, and ephedrine combined with phenylephrine to maternal hypotension and fetal acidosis. METHODS: This study compared ephedrine 2 mg/min infusion with 6 mg bolus (n = 30), phenylephrine 33.3microgram/min infusion with 50microgram bolus (n = 30), and ephedrine combined phenylephrine with half the dose infusion rate & bolus (n = 30). Hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg and less than 80% of baseline, was treated with additional bolus injection. RESULTS: In ephedrine group, the number of bolus given for hypotension was larger than other groups (P < 0.001), the incidence of hypotension was also higher than other groups (P = 0.02). The heart rate was lower in phenylephrine group than other groups, but bradycardia which needs to be treated didn't occur. Umbilical blood gas analysis and Apgar score were similar for three groups, but only one patient in ephedrine group had fetal acidosis (pH = 7.130). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in ephedrine group than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, giving phenylephrine alone was more effective in the prevention and treatment of maternal hypotension and nausea & vomiting than giving ephedrine alone or combined phenylephrine.
Acidosis ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Apgar Score ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cesarean Section* ; Ephedrine* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Phenylephrine* ; Pregnancy ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Local steroid injections for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome have become common, but median nerve injuries after the injections have rarely been reported. In our study, we checked the occurrence of a severe pain during local steroid injections through the flexor carpi radialis, and we evaluated the efficacy of injections for several short-term period. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with 32 affected hands were studied. The patients who presented with known medical causes or thenar muscle atrophy or a previous trauma history at the affected wrist were excluded from the study. The diagnosis was made both clinically and electrophysiologically, and then the injections were performed through the flexor carpi radialis with the hand in the supine position. Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) 40 mg was injected first, and TA 20 mg was reinjected when the recovery rate on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) score was below 50% 1 week after the injection. The patients were reevaluated with the VAS score before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the injections. RESULTS: In our study, no patients reported severe pain indicating there was median nerve injury during the injections. The mean VAS scores were 64.9, 9.5, 31.1 and 47.3 before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the injections respectively. As a result, the injections were deemed for the short-term period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we concluded that local steroid injection through the flexor carpi radialis for treating carpal tunnel syndrome is a safe and effective method.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Muscular Atrophy ; Supine Position ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Visual Analog Scale ; Wrist