No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; Mice*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between goodness-of-fit for mother-preschool child dyads and parenting stress experienced by the mother. METHODS: Study participants were 500 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of ten kindergartens or infant schools in M City or B City. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Comparison of goodness-of-fit scores for mother-preschool child dyad according to the characteristics of the participants, showed a significant difference according to child's age, gender, and birth order, mother's education and occupation, father's age and education, family income, and the chief caregiver in the family. There was a positive correlation between goodness-of-fit scores for mother-child dyad and parenting stress scores for mothers. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate a need to identify differences between children's behavioral problems and parenting styles according to the degree of discord in the mother-child temperaments. It is also necessary to develop and apply nursing programs to promote harmonizing of temperaments, programs in which the characteristics of the child and the mother are considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Parenting ; *Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and depression. METHODS: From June to July, 2017, a convenience sample of 226 nursing students was recruited. Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: 68.1% (154) respondents experienced emotional abuse, and 48.1% (110) emotional neglect in childhood emotional trauma. The average depression score was 10.76. There were 54.4% (123), 34.5% (78), 12.8% (29), and 7.1% (16) of respondents with mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The average interpersonal skills score was 3.59. There was a significant correlation between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect), interpersonal skills and depression. And the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression was significant. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal skills play a role as a moderating variable influencing the relationship between emotional neglect of childhood emotional trauma and depression, and also reduce the effects of childhood emotional trauma on depression. When developing a depression prevention program for nursing college students, such programs should consider strategies to reduce the negative effects of childhood emotional trauma and to improve interpersonal skills.
Depression ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychological Trauma ; Social Skills ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Bilirubin values may vary depending on the site of sampling. The purpose of this study is to compare simultaneously obtained capillary and venous serum bilirubin to assess neonatal jaundice. METHODS: The subjects for the study included 135 healthy inborn as well as outborn full-term infants admitted to Dong-Eui Medical Center for evaluation of jaundice from May 1997 to February 1999. A paired capillary and venous sample was simultaneously drawn from each neonate, and their serum bilirubins were measured by direct spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: A high correlation between capillary and venous serum bilirubin(correlation coefficient(r) =0.949, P<0.05) was observed. No significant difference between mean capillary and venous bilirubin was detected when capillary bilirubin was less than 10 mg/dL(P>0.05), however, the mean venous bilirubin was significantly higher than the mean capillary bilirubin(mean difference;0.65+/-1.04 mg/dL, P<0.0001) when the capillary bilirubin was greater or equal to 10 g/dL(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a trend toward venous bilirubin being higher than capillary bilirubin at higher serum bilirubin levels. However, further studies are needed to ascer-tain the relationship between the site of the sampling and methodology in measurement of bilirubin.
Bilirubin* ; Capillaries* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*

Dystrophic calcifications themselves in the breast are classified as typically benign according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. However, we experienced a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma surrounding large dystrophic calcifications that could be regarded as long-standing benign conditions such as fat necrosis or hematoma. A 61-year-old woman presented with two large dystrophic calcifications within an irregular mass in the right upper outer breast on mammography. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular mass with dense calcifications showing strong posterior acoustic shadowing. On contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, an irregular mass showed a persistent enhancement pattern and high signal intensity on a diffusion weighted image with non-enhancing areas corresponding to the calcifications. No abnormal uptake was observed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Invasive ductal carcinoma was observed on ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy. In this case, we conclude that typical dystrophic calcifications within a breast mass cannot guarantee a benign diagnosis if the imaging characteristics of the mass are suspicious.
Acoustics ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Diffusion ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy has been widely used for a histologic diagnosis through a transbronchial lung biopsy or for staging of patients with peripheral lung cancer. However a transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) has been used more widely for a histologic diagnosis in patient with a small size nodule or a nodule located in the outer portion of the lung because of the low diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in these cases. The role of bronchoscopy for staging is not well established in patients with peripheral lung cancer diagnosed by a TTNA or patients who are undergoing surgery without a histologic diagnosis. METHOD: To evaluate the role of bronchoscopy for the staging in patients with peripheral lung cancer, who were diagnosed by TTNA, the medical records of 86 patients with peripheral lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy at Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1995 and May 1997 were reviewed. RESULTS: While 53 cases had normal bronchoscopic findings, 33 cases had abnormal bronchoscopic findings comprising 9 cases of tumor, 10 cases of infiltration and 14 cases of compression of which there were 25 cases of T1 and 8 T2 endoscopically. The bronchoscopic staging did not influence the changes of the clinical stage of lung cancer. The frequencies of bronchial involvement tended to increase as the sizes of the nodule increased. Among the 42 patients who underwent surgery, 9 patient staged higher after operation because of lymph node involvement in 8 patients and the involvement of the pulmonary artery in 1 patient. No case staged above after operation due to a bronchial invasion. CONCLUSION: These findings suggests that bronchoscopy is not useful for staging in patients with peripheral lung cancer diagnosed by a TTNA.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Needles ; Pulmonary Artery

Craniosynostosis is the term that designates premature fusion of one or more sutures in either cranial vault or cranial base. Strip craniectomy had been recorded in the literature before the turn of the century, and remarkable improvements in the correction of the craniosynostosis have taken place. Various surgical methods including frontal bone advancement and cranial vault remodeling have been developed in an effort to correct craniosynostosis. However, the standardized surgical method has not yet been established. Distraction osteogenesis had been developed by Ilizarov to elongate bones without bone graft and the technique was developed so as to lengthen the long bones. Karp and McCarthy reported successful membranous bone lengthening with external devices and noted that cortical bone formed in the expanded area of the mandible. In the field of cranial vault, the technique has been successfully used by Sugawara and many efforts are made to improve cranial vault deformities. There are two possible modes of bone regeneration in case of patients for whom gradual distraction of cranial vault is performed. Bone regeneration of cranial vault may occur from the cut edges of calvaria(distraction osteogenesis) or from islands within the dura mater. We have experienced four patients with craniosynostosis who had undergone surgical correction using distraction device. Because we believed that latent period was not an important factor, we could early initiate distraction schedule. All patients obtained satisfactory results and no relapse was observed during the follow-up period. In conclusion, we believe that latent period would not be an important factor in distraction osteogenesis of cranial vault and the distraction osteogenesis by gradual distraction is useful for the correction of craniosynostosis.
Appointments and Schedules ; Bone Lengthening ; Bone Regeneration ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniosynostoses* ; Dura Mater ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Bone ; Humans ; Islands ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Recurrence ; Skull Base ; Sutures ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous basal activation that might be related to survival mechanism of tumor cells by allowing them to escape from apoptosis has been proven in some tumor cells, but it has not been evaluated in malignant melanoma tissue. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate basal activation of NF-κB using immunohistochemical analysis and demonstrate its clinical significance in cutaneous malignant melanoma tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cases of acral lentiginous melanoma(ALM) from 20 patients were selected. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect nuclear localization of classic NF-κB heterodimer, p50 and p65 in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: In about 50% of cases, nuclear expression of NF-κB heterdimer, p50 and p65 was detected, 12(48%) and 13(52%) of 25 cases of ALM, respectively. However, the nuclear ex-pressing of p50 and p65 was not significant for tumor thickness or level of invasion in ALM. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated basal NF-κB activation in malignant melanoma, but we need to research further to demonstrate its clinical significance.
Apoptosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma* ; United Nations