PURPOSE: This study was to observe the effects of music therapy on the cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of elderly dementia patients, and to seek musical mediation for them. This study was conducted with patients in the Dementia Sanitarium in C City from March 13 to April 17. METHOD: The design of research was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design and the subjects were 25 patients-15 of whom were in the experimental group with 10 in the control group. The music therapy consisted of favorite music listening in the morning, favorite music group singing activity after lunch, and relaxing music listening after dinner. The schedule was followed 6 days a week for 2 weeks for a total of thirty-six session. The effect of music therapy was measured by MMSE-K and the behavior and emotion measuring equipment which had been derived by the researcher. The verification of the effects is that the score of cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of the experimental and the control group which were measured after the therapy had been applied was analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test using SPSS WIN program. RESULT: 1)The degree of cognitive function of the experimental group which was received the music therapy is 11.53+/-5.37 which is a little higher than the control group which is 11.20+/-6.32, but it is not significant statistically (t= .14, p= .887). The first hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher cognitive function level than the other was rejected. 2) Behavior score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is 68.90+/-7.86 which is higher than the control group which is 66.40+/-11.13, but it is not significant statistically(t= .61, p= .548). The second hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher behavior level than the other was rejected. 3)Emotions score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is 42.13+/-5.04 which is higher than the control group which is 35.20+/-6.12, and it is significant statistically(t=3..09, p= .009). The third hypothesis which assumed the recepients would have had a higher emotion level was supported. CONCLUSION: music therapy which is composed of listening to music and group singing activity is an effective strategy for improvement of the emotions of the dementia elderly. But, the effect of music therapy on the cognitive function and behavior of elderly dementia patients is not significant statistically.
Aged* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Music Therapy* ; Music* ; Negotiating ; Singing

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with community and hospital onset MRSA isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODS: The study was carried out on MRSA isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted into the wards and the intensive care unit in a 2,200-bed tertiary care teaching hospital from January 1st through December 31st, 2007. In order to identify the risk factors associated with MRSA acquisition, the medical records were reviewed. All statistics were computed using SPSS version 14.0. RESULTS: Of the 835 MRSA isolates, 179 (21.4%) were CO-MRSA and 656 (78.6%) were HO-MRSA. Of the 179 CO-MRSA isolates, 6 (3.4%) were CA-MRSA. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of using medical device or antibiotics within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA were significant risk factors for HO-MRSA, and a history of hospitalization within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA was a significant risk factor for CO-MRSA. Analysis on the antibiotics administered within 1 year before the isolation of MRSA showed that levofloxacin, macrolides, 1st generation cephalosporins, 3rd generation cephalosporins, 4th generation cephalosporins, vancomycin, metronidazole, and carbapenem were all significant risk factors for HO-MRSA and that TMP/SMX was a significant risk factor for CO-MRSA. Of the 6 (3.4%) CA-MRSA isolates, 1 (16.7%) was the pathogen responsible for soft tissue infection. No patients died from the CA-MRSA infection. CONCLUSION: MRSA isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted into the wards and the ICU in a tertiary care teaching hospital was usually HO-MRSA, CO-MRSA and HO-MRSA usually had at least one of the risk factors associated with MRSA acquisition, and CO-MRSA was mainly HACO-MRSA.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Macrolides ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Metronidazole ; Ofloxacin ; Risk Factors ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: Diabetes insipidus(DI) has been known to be a relatively common complication after craniotomy. We have investigated the incidence and clinical course of DI in children related to craniotomy for a brain tumor and determined the risk factors of postoperative DI. METHODS: Sixty-two pediatric patients, who have undergone craniotomy for a brain tumor(including stereotactic biopsy) from February 1995 through January 1998, were included in this study. We reviewed hospital records retrospectively and analyzed daily fluid intake and output, electrolytes and osmolarity of serum and urine, and urine specific gravity. RESULTS: Of 62 patients, DI developed preoperatively in 7 patients and postoperatively in 7 patients. Preoperative DI composed of 4 germinoma, 2 craniopharyngioma and a histiocytosis, followed by permanent DI after operation. All of the postoperative DI were composed of suprasellar tumors, including 4 craniopharyngioma, which progressed to permanent DI in 5 cases and transient DI in 2 cases. The 5 patients had a triphasic response. The initial phase of DI began within 12 hours postoperatively followed by antidiuretic phase at the 2nd-6th postoperative day, lasted 1-6 days and finally all patients entered permanent DI. Hypopituitarism developed in 10 patients and all of them were accompanied by permanent DI. CONCLUSION: DI is a common complication after neurosurgery for the hypothalamic or pituitary area. The high-risk factors of permanant DI are preoperative DI, combined hypopituitarism or triphasic response. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor this high-risk group, and we should consider endocrinological evaluation in patients who had undergone craniotomy for a brain tumor.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Child* ; Craniopharyngioma ; Craniotomy* ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* ; Electrolytes ; Germinoma ; Histiocytosis ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Incidence ; Neurosurgery ; Osmolar Concentration ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Specific Gravity

PURPOSE: Diabetes insipidus(DI) has been known to be a relatively common complication after craniotomy. We have investigated the incidence and clinical course of DI in children related to craniotomy for a brain tumor and determined the risk factors of postoperative DI. METHODS: Sixty-two pediatric patients, who have undergone craniotomy for a brain tumor(including stereotactic biopsy) from February 1995 through January 1998, were included in this study. We reviewed hospital records retrospectively and analyzed daily fluid intake and output, electrolytes and osmolarity of serum and urine, and urine specific gravity. RESULTS: Of 62 patients, DI developed preoperatively in 7 patients and postoperatively in 7 patients. Preoperative DI composed of 4 germinoma, 2 craniopharyngioma and a histiocytosis, followed by permanent DI after operation. All of the postoperative DI were composed of suprasellar tumors, including 4 craniopharyngioma, which progressed to permanent DI in 5 cases and transient DI in 2 cases. The 5 patients had a triphasic response. The initial phase of DI began within 12 hours postoperatively followed by antidiuretic phase at the 2nd-6th postoperative day, lasted 1-6 days and finally all patients entered permanent DI. Hypopituitarism developed in 10 patients and all of them were accompanied by permanent DI. CONCLUSION: DI is a common complication after neurosurgery for the hypothalamic or pituitary area. The high-risk factors of permanant DI are preoperative DI, combined hypopituitarism or triphasic response. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor this high-risk group, and we should consider endocrinological evaluation in patients who had undergone craniotomy for a brain tumor.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Child* ; Craniopharyngioma ; Craniotomy* ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* ; Electrolytes ; Germinoma ; Histiocytosis ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Incidence ; Neurosurgery ; Osmolar Concentration ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Specific Gravity

Human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5) vectors have been demonstrated to be useful vehicles for gene expressions in animals. However, it has not been reported whether hAd5 transduction might be hampered in the sera of livestock animals in Republic of Korea. We collected 205 samples of livestock animals, such as pig (n=84), cattle (n=84), and goat (n=37) in Korea. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers to hAd5 virus were less than 15 in most of samples. Only 8% of goat samples had a NAb titer of 15 or 30. Thus, we showed that hAd5 virus was not neutralized in sera from cattle, pig, and goat, and suggest that the hAd5 vector could be used for the effective delivery of vaccines or proteins in livestock animals in the field.
Adenoviruses, Human* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Cattle* ; Gene Expression ; Goats* ; Korea ; Livestock ; Republic of Korea* ; Vaccines

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, virally induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD-affected countries have suffered from a serious economic impact due to their decreased participation in the international livestock trade. Currently, disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. Researchers have attempted to develop new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as new antivirals to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this study, we discuss the most effective novel FMD vaccines and antiviral strategies that are currently being studied. The vaccine research using subunits, synthetic peptides, DNA, cytokine-enhanced DNA, recombinant empty capsids, chimeric viruses, genetically engineered attenuated viruses, recombinant viral vectors, self-replicating DNA and transgenic plants expressing virus proteins is part of a trend towards novel FMD vaccine development. The antiviral methods using RNA interference (RNAi), RNAi-based recombinant adenoviruses and L(pro) or 3D(pol) inhibitors represent the current replication-inhibiting medicine used to control FMD.
Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Capsid ; Disinfection ; DNA ; DNA, Recombinant ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Livestock ; Peptides ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteins ; RNA Interference ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, virally induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD-affected countries have suffered from a serious economic impact due to their decreased participation in the international livestock trade. Currently, disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. Researchers have attempted to develop new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as new antivirals to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this study, we discuss the most effective novel FMD vaccines and antiviral strategies that are currently being studied. The vaccine research using subunits, synthetic peptides, DNA, cytokine-enhanced DNA, recombinant empty capsids, chimeric viruses, genetically engineered attenuated viruses, recombinant viral vectors, self-replicating DNA and transgenic plants expressing virus proteins is part of a trend towards novel FMD vaccine development. The antiviral methods using RNA interference (RNAi), RNAi-based recombinant adenoviruses and L(pro) or 3D(pol) inhibitors represent the current replication-inhibiting medicine used to control FMD.
Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Capsid ; Disinfection ; DNA ; DNA, Recombinant ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Livestock ; Peptides ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteins ; RNA Interference ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

PURPOSE: Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy(PHHI), which is characterised by inappropriate insulin secretion in spite of hypoglycemia, needs urgent treatment to prevent cerebral hypoglycemic damage. Although pancreatectomy is the treatment of choice for PHHI, there are several complications which follow treatment. We suggest that aggressive medical therapy, when effective, is preferable to partial pancreatectomy. METHODS: We evaluated 8 patients with PHHI admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center from November 1996 to January 1999. Children with hypoglycemia in the range of 3-50mg/dl were included. Octreotide was administered at dosage of 100-150 microgram/day. When the patients did not respond to octreotide, diazoxide and nifedipine were given in addition. RESULTS: In four of eight patients, octreotide was discontinued after 15 to 165 days. One patient was given diazoxide instead. The remaining 3 patients are still being treated with octreotide. CONCLUSION: We believe that maximum effort should be made to attain euglycemia with medication, and pancreatectomy should be reserved for patients in whom these measures fail to restore normoglycemia.
Child* ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism* ; Diazoxide ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Nifedipine ; Octreotide ; Pancreatectomy ; Pediatrics

We cloned the full-length cDNA of O Manisa, the virus for vaccinating against foot-and-mouth disease. The antigenic properties of the virus recovered from the cDNA were similar to those of the parental virus. Pathogenesis did not appear in the pigs, dairy goats or suckling mice, but neutralizing antibodies were raised 5-6 days after the virus challenge. The utilization of O Manisa as a safe vaccine strain will increase if recombinant viruses can be manipulated by inserting or removing a marker gene for differential serology or replacing the protective gene from another serotype.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus* ; Goats ; Humans ; Mice ; Parents ; Swine ; Virulence*

Despite nation-wide immunization with O, A, and Asia 1 type vaccines in Republic of Korea, foot-and-mouth disease type O occurred again in July 2014 after three years and three months. This virus was a Mya-98 strain of the Southeast Asian topotype and was most similar to the identified type that circulated in East Asia in 2014. This was new virus with the deletion of 23 amino acids in 3A/3B1 region and low pathogenic property.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Far East ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease* ; Humans ; Immunization ; Korea* ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Deletion ; Vaccination ; Vaccines