No abstract available.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

PURPOSE: Problem-based learning(PBL) experiences applied in the field of screening for chronic disease during the course of Community Medicine for the 3rd grade medical students were summarized. This study was aimed to train medical students the health appraisal ability and also the ability for public health education and promotion with health-oriented concept rather than disease-oriented one. And also it was aimed to train students to know what to learn and how to search the informations they need for themselves. STUDY SUBJECT AND METHOD: Three to four students in one team spent one and half days(Friday and Saturday) of one-week practical course of Community Medicine. Assigned materials were the medical records which are the files with the results of automated multiphasic screening tests which were applied to generally healthy people. Students were supposed to find, evaluate, solve or manage the real problems encountered from the multiphasic screening test results. RESULTS: The students accepted this self-directed learning process and small group discussion and also health-oriented human approach as new experiences and stimulants.
Chronic Disease* ; Community Medicine ; Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Records ; Multiphasic Screening ; Problem-Based Learning ; Public Health ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans*

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study was to describe outcome indicators of nursing education including critical thinking, professionalism, leadership, and communication and to evaluate differences among nursing programs and academic years. A descriptive research design was employed. A total of 454 students from four year baccalaureate (BS) nursing programs and two three-year associate degree (AD) programs consented to complete self-administered questionnaires. The variables were critical thinking, professionalism, leadership and communication. Descriptive statistics, chi2-test, t-tests, ANOVA, and the Tukey test were utilized for the data analysis. All the mean scores of the variables were above average for the test instruments utilized. Among the BS students, those in the upper classes tended to attain higher scores, but this tendency was not identified in AD students. There were significant differences between BS students and AD students for the mean scores of leadership and communication. These findings suggested the need for further research to define properties of nursing educational outcomes, and to develop standardized instruments for research replication and verification.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to analyse the current adult nursing curriculum content in diploma and baccaleurate level nursing schools. The Study was initiated by the Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing and data were collected from these institutions from March 1997 to April 1998. The questionnaire was constructed after several meetings of researchers which included course description, objectives, conceptual framework, credits(theory and practicum), number of teaching staffs, content and hours for each content. The questionnaire was sent to all of the nursing schools(41 baccalaureate and 62 diploma) in the nation and the response rate were 53.7% in baccalaureate and 25.8% in diploma schools. Primary analysis was took place during summer workship of 1997 Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing. The second analysis was carried out after additional data of detailed content and hours in adult nursing course were obtained from the schools. The result of primary analysis were as below : 1) The consensus in philosophy of adult nursing was drawn. The client of adult nursing was defined as individual over 18 years who has psychological, physical, social and spiritual aspects and interacting with environment. The client is a member of family and community. The students who finished the course should be able to adapt nursing process to their clients, and improve quality of life. The client, nursing process and nursing were common concepts which included in their conceptual framework. 2) Theory credits ranged 9-18(mean 14.1), practicum credits ranged 5-12(mean 8.1). The number of teaching staffs ranged from 2-6(mean 3.2). 3) The content which most hours assigned to were neuro/endocrine(mean 30.8 hours) gastrointestinal(mean 28.4 hours), cardiovascular(mean 28.6 hours) and respiratory(mean 22.7 hours) systems. 4) Areas taught by other profession(mostly physician) were eye, ear, nose, throat integumentary, radiation therapy, neuromuscular, rehabilitation, respiratory physiology, male genitourinary, pathology and anesthesiology. 5) Contents overlap with other course content should be rearranged in each school curriculums. Improvement of RN national board examination is prerequsite in order to improve adult nursing education in Korea. The result of second analysis were as below : 1) Credits required for graduation were 130-175 in baccalaureate, 93-134 in diploma. Thirteen to Twenty-eight percent of total credits required for nursing major were credits of adult nursing. 2) Mean hours of total adult nursing lecture were 217 in baccalareuate and 212 in diploma. 3) Disease process occupied more hours than nursing process in adult nursing theory. It is suggested to include all nursing educational institutions in order to complete the survey, to delineate the core contents of adult nursing and rate of hours between theory and practise by Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing.
Adult* ; Anesthesiology ; Consensus ; Curriculum* ; Ear ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nose ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Theory ; Nursing* ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Philosophy ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Schools, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded a 20-fold increase in the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) associated with nosocomial infections between 1989 and 1991. Although VRE has been reported in Korea since 1992, infections caused by these organisms are still extremely rare in Pusan, Korea. Therefore, a point prevalence culture survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of intestinal colonization with VRE among patients admitted to Kosin Medical Center, which can predict the appearance of clinical infections with VRE. METHODS: Between July 1997 and August 1997, stool specimens were obtained from 303 patients. Specimens were placed in bile esculin azide broth containing vancomycin (64 microgram/mL) and aatreonam (60 microgram/mL). Cultures were done for 48 hours at 37degrees C, and turbid solutions were subcultured on blood agar. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of vancomycin and teicoplanin to Enterococcus isolates were determined by Etest on Mueller-Hinton agar. For amplification of the vanA, vanB, and vanC genes, polymerase chain reactions were performed. RESULTS: VRE isolates were isolated from 6 of the patients (2%). Four of them were identified as E. faecium, and 1 was identified as E. avium, and 1 was identified as Enterococcus spp. All of them were highly resistant to vancomycin (MICs >256 microgram/mL), and they were also resistant to teicoplanin (MICs 32-->256 microgram/mL). All of 6 VRE strains carried vanA gene. CONCLUSION: The colonization of VRE was not infrequent among the patients of a university hospital in Pusan, Korea. Moreover, a large proportion of the colonizing VRE was revealed Enterococcus faecium with vanA gene, which implies quite a possibility of a sudden rising of infections by this organism in the near future. So we propose that the vancomycin susceptibility test should be done for every enterococcal isolate from clinical specimens and the intestinal colonization rate of VRE should be closely monitored at regular intervals for the purpose of surveillance 50 that proper establishment of plans for the prevention of this troublesome pathogen's spread can be promptly made.
Agar ; Bile ; Busan ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Colon* ; Cross Infection ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecium ; Esculin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Teicoplanin ; United States ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: This study has a purpose to suggest research and intervention directions for health promoting behaviors (HPB) of the Korean middle-aged in the future. METHODS: Forty four articles on HPB of the Korean middle-aged were reviewed and analyzed. The articles analyzed are theses written for a doctoral or master's degree and published between 1995 and 2007. RESULTS: 1. As for the major characteristics of the subject groups, most of them were between 40 and 60 years old (61.4%), were females (79.5%), and resided in cities (84.1%). 2. The dependent variables adopted were physiological, psychological and cognitive factors (self-efficacy, knowledge of health management, etc.), HPB and factors related to Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). 3. The average scores of HPLP were 1.57~3.08 on a 4-point scale. The highest score was observed in self-actualization, and the lowest score in exercise. 4. Self-efficacy, perceived health status and income had significant correlations with HPB. 5. In regression analysis, self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived health status were the most powerful predictors. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop intervention tools for more diverse HPB of the Korean middle-aged. The interventions are recommended to focus on increasing exercise and to use strategies for improving self-efficacy and self-esteem.
Female ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Life Style

BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in Korea. Although the guidelines of asthma management were reported in Korea, the present pattern of asthma management by primary physicians has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the pattern of asthma management by primary physicians. METHODS: In November 2002, 710 primary physicians specializing in internal medicine in Seoul, Korea were provided with two scenarios of asthmatic patients, one mild and the other severe. By mail or interview, the physicians were asked several questions about their present pattern of asthma management for the patients in each scenario. RESULTS: Among 710 primary physicians, we obtained the answers from 325 physicians (response rate 46%). The most preferred prescription was oral theophylline. 71% and 81% of the physicians answered that they would prescribe oral theophylline for the mild and severe asthmatics, respectively. The next prescription preferred were mucolytics and oral beta2-agonist, in that order. However, 36% and 56% of the physicians answered that they would prescribe inhaled steroids for the mild and severe asthmatics, respectively. Among diagnostic tests, physicians preferred pulmonary function test to the rank next tochest radiography. CONCLUSION: The primary physicians in Seoul prefer oral bronchodilators to inhaled steroids in asthma management. More efforts should be made to reduce the difference between the present pattern of asthma management by primary physicians and the asthma guidelines.
Asthma* ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Expectorants ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Postal Service ; Prescriptions ; Radiography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Seoul* ; Steroids ; Theophylline

Micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis, a combination of anomalies known as Pierre Robin syndrome, causes severe respiratory and alimentary difficulties in affected infants. With appropriate care and treatment, mental development can be made normal. But about 10~25% of children become retarded. We have experienced above case in a female infant, aged 6 months. She was acmitted on account of respiratory difficulty for days. The family history was not contributory. The child was born at full term, with a normal delivery, weighing 3.8kg. Cyanotic attack was not noticed since birth. Examination on admission showed small mandile, glissoptosis, cleft palate and low set ear. On auscultation of chest wall, fine moist rales were audible over right middle lung field. Marked supra and substernal retraction during respiration were noted also. She was treared under the impression of aspiration pueumonia. But frequent cyanotic attack was noticed during the course of hospitalization in spite of prone position. 9 th hospital day, tracheostomy was perfoermed. She was expired on the 10 th hospital day.
Auscultation ; Child ; Cleft Palate ; Ear ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Parturition ; Pierre Robin Syndrome* ; Prone Position ; Respiration ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thoracic Wall ; Tracheostomy