Urinalysis is the most convenient and important diagnostic tool for the kidney diseases. Abnormal urinary findings provide powerful information for the diagnosis of a kidney disease. There are several common urinary abnormalities without subjective symptoms : hematuria, proteinuria, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. There are many causes of hematuria : glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, vascular diseases, cystic kidney disease, renal calculi, coagulation disorders, urinary tract infection, trauma, and tumors. It is essential to clarify the origin of hematuria by the use of diagnostic flow sheets. Despite all the diagnostic approaches, however, unexplained hematuria is found in 10~15% of subjects with hematuria. Periodic follow-up is recommended per 3 to 6 months for at least three years for them. The proteinuria of the glomerular origin is important for the progression of the renal diseases. We have to differentiate the proteinuria according to its origin and underlying systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We also recommend a kidney biopsy for nephrotic range proteinuria for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is define as a bacterial colony count above 105/ml in two consecutive urine cultures. Management is generally not recommended for the asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly patients but recommended in pregnant women and diabetes mellitus patients. From our point of view, subjects showing urinary abnormalities, such as hematuria, proteinuria, and bacteriuria, must be kept under close surveillance.
Aged ; Bacteriuria ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vascular Diseases

The route of transmission of leprosy is still unclear, Recently some authors proposed ge possibility that the bacilli discharged from nasal mucosa might be the source of infection in leprosy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the histopathologic findings of nasal mucosa in 24 fresh untreated patients with leprosy using hematoxyline and eosin stain, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Among 24 cases. under clinical observation, 10 cases(41,7%) complain of nasal stuffiness, 8 cases (33. 3%) has congestion, 1 case(4. 2%) was crusted and 1 case(4.2%) was ulcerated. 2 Bacterial index of nasal mucosal smear showed that 16 cases were positive, - 15 cases were 1+, 7 cases were 2+, 2 cases 3+ and 1 case was 4+ Linder H.E. stain, the histopathologic findings of (he inferior turbinate of nasal mucosa showed that 22 cases were cystic dilatation of mucous glands, 1) cases were granuloma with foamy cells cells and 14 cases were epidermal atrophy. TJnder Ziehl-Neelsen stain bacterial index of nasal mucosal biopsy showed that 21 cases were positive 3 cases were 3+, 7 cases were 4+6 cases were 5+ and 5 cases were 6+. As above results, the histopathologic findings of nasal mucosa were similar to the skin lesions of leprosy.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Dilatation ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Granuloma ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Skin ; Turbinates ; Ulcer

Liesegang rings (LRs) are peculiar structure of periodic precipitation zones from supersaturated solution in colloidal system. LRs are formed by a process referred to as "the Liesegang phenomenon". Here we describe LRs in renal hemorrhagic cyst from the donor kidney of a 59-year-old man. His general condition was good. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a simple cyst in the left kidney. After donor nephrectomy for renal transplantation, a 3x2 cm sized cyst containing the brownish necrotic fluid was noted in the upper pole of left kidney. Frozen section from the relatively thickened cystic wall was performed. During frozen section examination, round concentric rings with double-layered outer wall, striations and amorphous central nidus admixed with the foamy macrophages were found and the lesion was originally interpreted as xanthogranulomatous inflammation with unusual crystalline structures in the cytoplasm of macrophages or freely in the interstitium. Macrophages with calcium crystals or malakoplakia were also considered at that time. Additional specimen for the permanent sections showed a simple hemorrhagic renal cyst with areas of small or large aggregates of LRs along the cyst wall. Multiple round ring-like structures ranging from 11 to 42 micrometer in diameter had uniform, pale eosinophilic, radially striated double wall. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings for iron, calcium, mucopolysaccharide, amyloid, cytokeratin were negative in these structures. They were highlighted by CD68 immunostaining as well as PAS and Masson's trichrome stainings. Awareness of Liesegang phenomenon in cystic lesions will decrease the possibility of erroneous diagnosis as another type of pathologic process, such as parasitic worms or eggs.
Amyloid ; Calcium ; Colloids ; Crystallins ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eggs ; Eosinophils ; Frozen Sections ; Helminths ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Iron ; Keratins ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Macrophages ; Malacoplakia ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Ovum ; Tissue Donors* ; Ultrasonography

Tumor angiogenesis(TA) refers to the growth of new vessels toward and within a tumor. TA is necessary both at the beginning and at the end of the metastatic cascade of events. Recently, experimental evidence suggests that the growth of a tumor beyond a certain size requires angiogenesis. To investigate how tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastases in breast carcinoma, the microvessels were counted (per 200 / field) in the most active areas of neovas-cularization by two investigators. The microvessels within breast carcinoma were highlighted by in imunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen. Microvessel count(MVC) in node-positive carcinoma(59.66=35) was significantly higher than in node-negative carcinoma(44.76=17)(p=0.009). MVC was also statistically correlated with tumor size and stage, but not with histologic grading, DNA ploidy, or hormonal receptors(estro-gen and progesterone). MVC in invasive breast carcinoma may be one of many prognostic predictors of node-positive breast carcinoma. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis may therefore be valuable in selecting patients with early breast carcinoma for aggressive therapy.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Localized cystic disease of the kidney is a rare entity with the gross and microscopic features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease localized to only a portion of a kidney, and negative family history. We report a case of localized cystic disease of the kidney in a 38-year-old woman who complained of intermittent right flank pain for 1 year. The resected kidney showed multiple cysts measuring up to 4.0 3.5 3.0 cm, which were scattered throughout the mid- and lower poles of the kidney. Microscopically, the cystic lesion was composed of numerous cysts of variable size, lined by flattened epithelium. The intervening septa of the cysts contained normal or compressed renal tubules and glomeruli. Neither dysgenetic tissue such as immature cartilage or primitive mesenchymal tissue nor malignant cells was identified. Localized cystic disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the kidney.
Adult ; Cartilage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting clinical nurses' presenteeism. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in which participants completed self-report questionnaires that consisted of measures for nurses' job satisfaction, job stress, professionalism and presenteeism. 267 nurses working in general hospital participated in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate predictors of the presenteeism in clinical nurses. RESULTS: 250 nurses experienced one or more health problems last one month. The group who experienced presenteeism during the last one year had significant differences in professionalism and perceived productivity. Predictors of sickness presenteeism in clinical nurses included work experience, total health problem and last 1 year absenteeism. Last 1 year absenteeism and total health problem were strongly related to presenteeism in clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: Major findings of this study indicated that in dealing with nurses' presenteeism, not only managing nurses' job stress and job satisfaction but also providing flexible work schedule and increasing staffing level as an organizational approach are necessary to be considered. Further repeated and expanded research is needed to explore the multidimensional aspects of nurses' presenteeism including a broad range of work setting and the influence of Korean nurses' organizational culture on presenteeism.
Absenteeism ; Appointments and Schedules ; Efficiency ; Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction ; Logistic Models ; Organizational Culture ; Surveys and Questionnaires

An appreciation of daily and annual changes of ultraviolet radiation is important in order to optimize the conditions for climatic therapy of skin diseases or in order to minimize the harmful effects of the sun. Ultraviolet A(355nm) and ultrviolet B(290nm) doses were measured at Kongju from April to September, 1985, on two different weather conditions-clear and relatively clear. The followings were the summary of the findings. 1. On clear weather, UVA dose was peak at noon of the day and in June of the year. 2. On relatively clear weather, UVA dose was peak at 2 p.m. of the day and in July of the year. 3. UVB dose was peak at noon of July regardless of weather conditions. 4. In relatively clear weather the UVA and UVB doses decreased from those of clear weather by 29%, and 36% respectively. 5, The relative difference between the doses of UVA and UVB depended on the degree of solar zenith angle. The greater the solar zenith angle, the greater the difference. 6. In order to treat a patient with solar UVA radiation, therefore, it is suggested to have the patient expose himself to the sun around 10 a, m. and 3 p.m. to minimize the harmful effects of solar UVB. However, when one wants to treat with solar UVB radiation, it would be better to expose to the sun around noon.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Humans ; Skin Diseases ; Solar System ; Weather

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to investigate the effect of coculture system on in vitro fertilization and development of mice embryos. METHODS: F1 hybrid mice were superovulated with PMSG/hCG. Recruited oocytes were divided into three subgroups which are control(subgroup a), Vero cell coculture(subgroup b) and human amniocyte coculture subgroup (subgroup c) respectively. For 3 subgroups, we observed fertilization after 24 hours of incubation. In vitro fertilized early 2-cell stage embryos were allocated to Group I and in vivo fertilized early 2-cell stage embryos were allocated to Group II. Also, each group was divided into control (subgroup a), Vero cell coculture(subgroup b) and human amniocyte coculture subgroup(subgroup c) respectively. For 6 subgroups, we observed in vitro development to blastocyst and that to hatching blastocyst after 120 hours of incubation. RESULTS: As to recruited oocytes, the in vitro fatilization rate of subgroup a was significantly higher than that of subgroup b and subgroup c (P<0.05). In Group I, the developmental rates were not significantly different between the three subgroups. But in Group II, the developmental rates to hatching blastocysts of subgroup b and c were significantly higher than that of subgroup a (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The development of the in vitro fertilized mouse embryos seemed to be independent of physiologic condition which we think coculture system may give to the embryos. The independent developmental capability of the in vitro fertilized embryos might be obtained through a certain intracellular mechanism for which there should be the need of many more investigations to be verified.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Coculture Techniques* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Mice* ; Oocytes* ; Vero Cells

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of sexual rehabilitation education on the knowledge and adjustment of sexual of spinal cord injury clients by the method of nonequivalant control group pretest-posttest group. The data were collected from Jan. 19 through Feb. 16. 2000. The experimental group was 26 spinal cord injury client from one rehabilitation center, and the control group was 26 spinal cord injury client from two rehabilitation center. Sexual rehabilitation education was done with manuals, videotapes and chart. Education time was 120 minutes a week for 2 weeks. The study tool was about Sexual Knowledge, designed Song, Chung Sook(1990) and SIAC (Sexual. Interest, Activity, & Satisfaction) designed Kruter, Sullivan, Siosteen(l994) translated by Kang, Hyun Sook, Koh, Jung Eun, Suh, Yeon Ok, Yee, Oon Hee(1999). The collected data were analyzed SPSS program. The Data were analyzed descriptive statistics and chi test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, F-test(ANOVA). Duncan's multiple comparison test. The result were as follows. 1. The first hypothesis was accepted: The group educated about sexual rehabilitation has more sexual knowledge than those of the uneducated group(t=7.412, p= .001). 2. The second hypothesis was accepted: The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more adjustment of sexual than those of the uneducated group(t=5.524, p= .001). 3. The third hypothesis was accepted: The higher sexual knowledge state, the higher sexual adjustment(r=.449, p= .003). According to results, sexual rehabilitation education helps Spinal cord Injury Clients to gain knowledge and adjustment of sexual.
Education* ; Music ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Videotape Recording

BACKGROUND: Redundant and wrinkled face is a common finding in patients with long-standing leprosy, which is responsible for the appearance of premature aging. Chemical peeling plays a role in dermal regeneration in the treatment of wrinkles. However, the effect of chemical peeling has rarely been studied in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chemical peeling on dermal connective tissue components and clinical improvement of facial wrinkles in patients with leprosy. METHODS: Five patients with clinically and bacteriologically inactive lepromatous leprosy were treated with 70% glycolic acid plus 35% trichloroacetic acid (GA-TCA). Histologic and clinical changes were evaluated at 0 and 90 days postpeel. RESULTS: Histologically, collagen fibers and ground substance increased significantly but elastic fibers did not change at 90 days postepeel. Clinically, fine wrinkles improved considerably, whereas most deep wrinkles remained unchanged at day 90. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that chemical peeling with GA-TCA, or medium-depth peeling, causes an increase in collagen and ground substance but not in elastic fibers. These changes result in limited clinical improvement in the facial wrinkles of leprosy patients. Therefore, medium-depth chemical peeling may be insufficient to improve the premature aging appearance in patients with leprosy.
Aging, Premature ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue* ; Elastic Tissue ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Regeneration ; Trichloroacetic Acid