PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors in self-efficacy among college students. METHODS: The sample consisted of 553 college students in C & K cities. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the variables. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 20.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for Self-Efficacy was 66.62. Self-Efficacy was significantly different according to gender(t=2.076, p=.038), grade(F=11.077, p<.001), religion(F=4.666, p=.003), major(F=19.598, p<.001), economic status(F=6.570, p<.001), perceived health status(F=6.168, p<.001), and self-rated knowledge about health(F=12.936, p<.001). Multivariate analysis showed that major, self-rated knowledge about health, economic status, and perceived health status were significant predictors of self-efficacy and could explain 15.9% of total variability in this model. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that perceived health status and self-rated knowledge about health are significant factors in self-efficacy among college students. Therefore, the strategies of nursing intervention which improve these variables must be developed for college students.
Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary are the third most common types of neoplasms that develop in the ovary and account for about 5-8% of all ovarian malignancies. This group of ovarian neoplasms is derived from the sex cords and the ovarian stroma or mesenchyme. Granulosa-stromal cell tumors include granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and fibroma. The granulosa cell tumor is a low-grade malignancy and accounts for about 2-3% of all ovarian malignancies. Granulosa cell tumors have a prolonged natural history and tendency toward late relapse, reflecting their low grade biology. We present a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with brief review of literature,
Biology ; Female ; Fibroma ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Mesoderm ; Natural History ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Recurrence ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; Thecoma

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload. Methods: The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively. Results: The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload. Conclusion These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess toxicities of cryoprotectants. METHODS: Toxicities of two cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH), were investigated using a murine embryo model. Female F-1 mice were stimulated with gonadotropin, induced ovulation with hCG and mated. Two cell embryos were collected and cultured after exposure to either DMSO or PROH. Embryo development was evaluated up to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were stained with bis-benzimide to evaluate the cell count and with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) to assess apoptosis. RESULTS: The total cell count of blastocysts that were treated with DMSO at the 2-cell stage was significantly lower than that were treated with PROH (75.9+/-27.0) or the control (99.0+/-18.3) (p<0.001). On comparison of two cryoprotectant treated groups, the DMSO treated group showed a decreased cell count compared with the PROH treated group (p<0.05). Both DMSO (14.2+/-1.5) and PROH (11.2+/-1.4) treated groups showed higher apoptosis rates of cells in the blastocyst compared with the control (6.2+/-0.9, p<0.0001). In addition, the DMSO treated group showed more apoptotic cells than the PROH treated group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The potential toxicity of cryoprotectants was uncovered by prolonged exposure of murine embryos to either DMSO or PROH at room temperature. When comparing two cryoprotective agents, PROH appeared to be less toxic than DMSO at least in a murine embryo model.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cryoprotective Agents ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Propylene Glycol

PURPOSE: It is not surprising that serologically based epidemiologic studies have documented the high incidence of mycoplasma respiratory infection throughout the world. We studied the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of mycoplasma pneumonia in children if there is any differences in the peak age-related incidence, seasonal predominance and clinical manifestations in compare with other studies reported in Korea. METHODS: We reviewed 1004 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed by clinical manifestations and positive serologyc tests, retrospectively, who were admitted to the department of pediatrics in four university hospitals in Seoul and Inchon during the last 5 years from 1993 to 1997. RESULTS: 1) The age distribution of mycoplasma pneumonia showed highest incidence in children 4-6 years old. There was no difference in sex distribution at any age group. 2) Although there was little difference in annual distribution, it was highest in 1997. 3) Cough was the most prevalent prodromal symptom. 4) Vomiting, Nausea, Abdominal pain and headache were noted as the extrapulmonary manifestations. 5) Pulmonary infiltration was noted mostly in lower lobe lobes on chest X-ray. They showed interstial involvement in 34.5%, lobar involvement in 30.0%, and pleural effusion in 7.8% of the total. 6). As the complications, aggravate or trigger the asthma attack were noted in 4.0%, development of sinusitis in 3.5% and otitis media in 1.4% of the total. There were four cases of aseptic meningitis and one case of lung abscess. CONCLUSIONS: In our survey, there was little or no epidemiologic differences in the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. We can find the increasing tendency of lobar pattern of involvement on chest X-ray in mycoplasma pneumonia in children.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Child ; Cough ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Headache ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung Abscess ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Nausea ; Otitis Media ; Pediatrics ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Sinusitis ; Thorax ; Vomiting

Pancreatic disease is the most frequent cause of isolated splenic vein thrombosis. Splenic vein thrombosis causes a localized form of portal hypertension known as sinistral or left-sided portal hypertension. Splenic vein thrombosis may be complicated by the formation of gastric varices, with the potential of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Whereas splenectomy is considered to be the treatment of choice for symptomatic splenic vein thrombosis, the role of splenectomy in the patient with asymptomatic splenic vein thrombosis remains controversial. We report a rare case of acute pancreatitis complicated by isolated asymptomatic splenic vein thrombosis. Recognition of this disease entity is important because the risk of secondary variceal bleeding, while uncommon, can be life-threatening.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatitis ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Vein ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: Eversion carotid endarterectomy (ECEA) has been used in western countries with acceptable early and late results. However, there has been no report of ECEA in Korea with regard to its safety and efficacy. The goal of the present study was to determine the early results of ECEA in Korea. METHODS: From October 2008 to December 2009, 19 ECEAs were performed on 18 patients by one vascular surgeon. The patient data and radiology results were prospectively collected according to the hospital protocol. The frequency of early postoperative stroke, myocardial infarction and mortality were evaluated. In addition, the frequency of procedure-induced new brain lesions (NBL) detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) within one day after the procedure and the post-procedural complications were evaluated. RESULTS: All ECEAs were performed under regional anesthesia; shunts were not necessary in any of the cases. Among a total of 19 ECEAs, there were no cases of early postoperative stroke, myocardial infarction or mortality. Other early postoperative complications included one case of temporary cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and two hematomas that spontaneously resolved. No NBL was detected on the postoperative DW-MRI. The external carotid artery lesion was aggravated in five cases and was detected on CT angiography before discharge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed no strokes or NBLs after ECEA under regional anesthesia. ECEA may be used safely for the management of atherosclerotic severe carotid stenosis in Korean patients; however, further study for long-term complications of ECEA is necessary.
Anesthesia, Conduction ; Angiography ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Stenosis ; Endarterectomy ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

Adenocarcinoma of small intestine is rare disease, but its incidence of iluem is the least of small intestinal adenocarcinoma. Its rarity and vague symptoms results in delayed diagnosis, treatment and poor prognosis, Recently we experienced a 65 years old man of ileal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis, which does not obstuct intestinal lumen, We treat the metastatic tumor with chemoembolization(lipiodol and doxorubicin) through the hepatic artery and so we report the case with review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital vascular disorder, and its pathophysiology is still unclear and most cases occur sporadically. Cutaneous lesions are observed at birth with a marbled bluish and deep-purple appearance. The associated anomaly is manifest as body asymmetry, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, syndactyly and congenital glaucoma. We report our experience of CMTC1 in a female infant with the gestational age of 34 weeks and 6 days and birth weight of 2,300 g who was born by cesarean section with abnormal skin lesions. The cutaneous lesions covered most of the lower body and they faded as she continues to grow. She also had onychodysplasia in her left 2nd phalanges. In this case, close follow up by not only pediatricians but also ophthalmologist and neurologists to treat various forms of lesions involved, though the prognosis of CMTC is generally good.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Macrocephaly ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases, Vascular ; Syndactyly ; Telangiectasis ; Vascular Malformations

Primary peritonitis usually refers to a bacterial infection of the peritoneal cavity without a demonstrable intra-abdominal source. Most cases occur in children with ascites resulting from nephrotic syndrome or cirrhosis. Rarely, it may occur in previously healthy children less than 7 years of age, usually a girl. Distinguishing primary peritonitis from appendicitis may be impossible in patients without a history of nephrotic syndrome or cirrhosis. Accordingly, the diagnosis of primary peritonitis is made only at laparotomy. We report one case of primary pneumococcal peritonitis in a 27-month-old female who underwent explorative laparotomy to discover the cause of suspicious intestinal perforation and mechanical ileus. Later, pneumococci were cultured in blood and gram-positive diplococci were isolated from the pus of peritoneal cavity.
Appendicitis ; Ascites ; Bacterial Infections ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritonitis* ; Suppuration