CD44 is a widely distributed cell-adhesion molecule that participates in a number of biological events. CD44 is proteolytically cleaved by other enzymes and the level of its proteolysis is correlated to the cell activity. The CD44-proteolytic peptides including soluble CD44 and CD44 intracellular domain have different functions in cell events. In recent years, a number of researches found the functions of CD44-proteolytic peptides. In this review, the release of CD44-proteolytic peptides and their functions of these peptides were summarized.
Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Hydrolysis

OBJECTIVETo analyze the quality characteristics of human spermatozoa with hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors and search for a new indicator for the assessment of sperm quality.

METHODSUsing sperm-HA binding assay with HA-coated slides, we determined the binding rate of motile sperm with HA receptors and analyzed its correlation with routine semen parameters, sperm membrane function, sperm fertilizing function and diminished/arrested sperm maturation.

RESULTSThe motile sperm with HA binding sites in the acrosomal region showed significantly higher acrosomal integrity ([95.4 +/- 3.9]%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) ([97.8 +/- 2.1]%) than those in the initial semen ([68.8 +/- 6.2]% and [72.8 +/- 7.4]%) (P < 0.01). The sperm-HA binding scores were correlated mildly with many routine semen parameters (r = 0.195-0.268, P < 0.05), positively with the acrosome reaction level after ionophore challenge (r = 0.666, P < 0.01) and normal sperm morphology (r = 0.417, P < 0.01), and negatively with sperm nucleoprotein immaturation (r = -0.266, P < 0.01), DNA fragmentation (r = -0. 308, P < 0.01) and excessive residual cytoplasm (r = -0.218, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSperm with HA receptors in the acrosomal region exhibit significant advantages in plasma membrane structure, fertilizing potential and maturation. The sperm-HA binding assay, which is based on a relationship between sperm receptors for zona pellucida and HA, is likely to become a new independent indicator for assessing the multiple qualities of spermatozoa.

Acrosome ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Male ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression and significance of the adhesion molecules CD62P and CD44 in the peripheral blood of infants with bronchiolitis.

METHODSThirty-three infants with bronchiolitis in the acute phase and 19 infants with bronchiolitis in the recovery phase, who were hospitalized between November 2014 and May 2015, were enrolled. Thirty infants with bronchopneumonia and 26 infants without infection were enrolled as the bronchopneumonia group and the control group, respectively. The CD62P expression in the peripheral blood of each group was measured by flow cytometry, and the CD44 level in serum was determined using ELISA.

RESULTSThe levels of the adhesion molecules CD62P and CD44 in the bronchiolitis group in the acute phase were significantly higher than those in the bronchiolitis group in the recovery phase, the bronchopneumonia group, and the control group (P<0.05). The levels of the adhesion molecules CD62P and CD44 in the bronchiolitis group in the recovery phase were also significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the bronchiolitis group in the acute phase, there was a positive correlation between CD62P expression and serum CD44 level (r=0.91; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe adhesion molecules CD62P and CD44 play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, and their levels can reflect the severity of inflammatory response in infants with bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; blood ; physiology ; Infant ; Male ; P-Selectin ; blood ; physiology

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the expression and relationship of CD44 and CD133 in normal oral mucosa, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This work also analyzes the relationship between such expression and clinical factors. This study intends to evaluate the clinical value of using CD44 and CD133 as indices to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of OPMD.

METHODSClinical data from 60 patients with OPMD, 60 patients with OSCC, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were analyzed. Double immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the expression of CD44 and CD133 in paraffin sections of normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues. Subsequently, the relationships between such expression and clinical factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive rates of CD44 expression in the normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues were 100.00%, 96.67%, and 71.67% (P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of CD133 expression in the normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues were 0.00%, 35.00%, and 63.33% (P<0.05), respectively. The expression of CD44 and CD133 was found to be correlated (P<0.05). Such expression was related to the clinical stages and lymphatic metastasis of OSCC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCD44 and CD133 can be used individually as clinical indices to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of OPMD.
.

AC133 Antigen ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of CD44 METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to detected the proportion of CD44 RESULTS: The percentage of CD44 CONCLUSION HCD44
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Prognosis ; Spleen

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of the inhibition of CD44 gene expression on the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2L2 in vitro.

METHODSCD44 gene expression in cells was suppressed by siRNA which was introduced into cells through retrovirus infection. Integration of siRNA into genomic DNA was examined by genomic PCR. CD44 gene expression in cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Cell growth in vitro was assayed using Cell Titer 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit Promega. Cells were stained with propidium iodium and cell DNA content was detected upon a flow cytometer.

RESULTSsiRNA was integrated into genomic DNA of host cells. The 4 cell pools integrated with one of the 4 siCD44s showed a significant inhibition of CD44 gene expression comparing to the controls, the wild type cell and the cell pool integrated with siegfp. The cell pools integrated with siCD44-1 or siCD44-2 showed the most profound inhibition. Growth of these 2 cells in vitro was compared to that of the controls and was found to be significantly inhibited. Cell DNA content analysis indicated 44.4%, 45.5%, 53.9%, and 53.3% in G0/G1 phase; 39.3%, 40.0%, 27.1%, and 28.2% in S phase; and 16.3%, 14.5%, 19.0%, and 18.5% in G2/M phase for the wild type cell, the cell pool integrated with siegfp, the cell pools integrated with siCD44-1, and the cell pools integrated with siCD44-2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONReduction in CD44 expression inhibit the growth of CNE-2L2 cell and affects the development of cells from G0/G1 into S phase, but may somehow promote cells to develop from S into G2/M phase.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; genetics ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Osteopontin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin(ED) in prostate carcinoma in relation to the metastasis of prostate carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of CD44v6 and ED in 45 cases of prostate carcinoma was studied with immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTSThe positive expression rates of CD44v6 and ED in prostate carcinoma were 77.8% and 48.9%, respectively. The high level expression of CD44v6 and the low level expression of ED were positively correlated with differentiation, clinical staging and metastasis of prostate carcinoma (P < 0.05). The expression of CD44v6 was negatively correlated with ED(r = -0.58, P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of CD44v6 and ED protein might be a useful marker for prostate carcinoma in evaluating the biological behavior and prognosis of the tumor.

Cadherins ; analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; Glycoproteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of tumorigenesis-related stem cell markers Lgr5 and CD44 in different pathological types of intestinal polyps and their clinical significance in predicting tumorigenesis.

METHODSA total of 145 cases of colorectal polyps, adenomas and cancer tissues were obtained by colonoscopy biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of Lgr5 and CD44 to analyze their relationship with the occurrence and prognosis of colon and rectal cancer.

RESULTSThe expression of CD44 in colon cancer tissue was 95.65%, significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (5%), inflammatory hyperplastic polyps (22.58%), tubular adenomatous polyps (55.26%) and villous polyps (75.76%) (P<0.05). The expression of Lgr5 in colorectal cancer was up to 95.65% while negative in normal colorectal tissue and was 16.12% in inflammatory hyperplastic tissues (P<0.05). The expression rate of Lgr5 was 86.84% in tubular adenoma and 93.94% in villous polyps, both comparable with that in colon cancer (P>0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of CD44 and Lgr5 were positively correlated with the progression of intestinal polyp tumorigenesis (rs=0.69377, P<0.0001; rs=0.81637, P<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONLgr5 and CD44 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues in close correlation with the clinical and pathological features. The expression profiles of Lgr5 and CD44 represent a distinct feature to differentiate colorectal cancer from normal intestinal mucosa. Lgr5 is more closely correlated with tumor progression of polyps than CD44. This means detecting of the expression of Lgr 5 together with CD44 is important and necessary in clinical diagnosis of patients with early stage colorectal diseases such as polyps and their canceration.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Intestinal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CD44, CD87 and CD123 in acute leukemia and its correlation with cellular immune markers. METHODS: A total of 166 patients with acute leukemia (AL) admitted from May 2014 to February 2017 were enrolled in AL groups. Among these patients, 100 patients suffered from acute myeloid leukemia, 50 patients suffered from acute lymphoid leukemia, and 16 patients showed B/medullary phenotype. At the same time 50 patients with non-acute leukemia were enrolled in the control group. 5 ml of fasting venous blood collected from the patients in each group, and the percentage of CD44, CD87 and CD123 cells was determined by three-color flow cytometry. Symptomatic chemotherapy was given to the patients with confirmed acute leukemia, and the remission was evaluated after 2 treatmen courses. The Complete remission (CR) was recorded and the percentage of CD44, CD87 and CD123 cells under different curative efficacy were recorded. The correlation of the prognosis patients with CD44, CD87 and CD123 was analyzed by SPSS Pearson correlation analysis software. RESULTS: The positive rates of CD44, CD87 and CD123 in AL group were all higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). The positive rates of CD44 and CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia group were higher than those in acute lymphoblastic leukemia group and B/myeloid phenotype group (P＜0. 05). The positive rate of CD44 in acute lymphoid leukemia group was higher than that in B/medullary double phenotype group (P＜0.05). The treatment in the patients of AL group was successfully completed. 132 patients reachel to CR and 34 patients to PR+NR after 2 courses. The positive rates of CD44, CD87 and CD123 in CR patients were lower than those in PR+NR patients (P＜0.05). The results of SPSS Pearson correlation analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with acute leukemia negatively correlated with CD44 and CD87 (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of CD44, CD87 and CD123 in different phenotype of acute leukemia are different, which correlateds with prognosis. The determination of CD44, CD87 and CD123 can be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients for the reference of clinical treatment.
Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; immunology