PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of fast field echo(FE) technique in accesing temporOmandibular joint(TMJ) dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 120 TMJ MRI examinations of 60 symptomatic patients was performed. The fast FE technique was used to provide dynamic images of the TMJs in various phase of mouth opening with a step-bite-block. RESULTS: Among 120 cases, there were 30 cases which were normal, 21 cases of anterior displacement with reduction, 66 cases of anterior displacement without reduction, 11 cases of deformity of menisci, 23 cases of bony deformity, and 3 cases of medial displacement. The menisci and condyles were clearly delineated and the motions of the menisci during jaw opening were well evaluated in both normal and pathologic conditions. CONCLUSION: The dynamic TMJ MRI scan using fast FE technique permits both fast scanning and study of joint dynamics as well as TMJ anatomy.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Jaw ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint*

Accurate staging of lung cancers is important to determine the treatment options and the prognosis of patients with a lung cancer. TNM system revised in 1997 by American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer is widely used in staging of the lung cancer. The TNM system is an expression of the anatomic extent of diseases and is based on the assessment of three components; extent of the primary tumor (T), regional lymph node metastasis (N), and distant metastasis (M). Non-invasive staging of lung cancers is based primarily on chest computed tomography (CT), and if available, on positron emission tomography (PET). Chest CT scanning is useful in providing anatomic details, but the accuracy of the chest CT scanning in differentiating benign from malignant lymph nodes in the mediastinum is poor. PET scanning has a much better sensitivity and specificity than chest CT scanning for mediastinal lymph node staging, and distant metastatic diseases can be detected by PET scanning. With either test, abnormal findings must be confirmed by a tissue biopsy to ensure accurate staging. Invasive techniques for biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes or pathologic tissue include transbronchial needle aspiration, transesophageal fine needle aspiration, and surgery.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Dietary Sucrose ; Humans ; Joints ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Mediastinum ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thorax

Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer mortality in worldwide. However, early lung cancer screening with chest radiography and sputum cytology in 1970s, have failed in reduction of lung cancer mortality, despite the higher proportion of early-stage cancer detection on screening. Therefore, screening for lung cancer has not been recommended. Low dose CT has been recently assessed as a screening tool in observational studies suggesting better impaction than the one obtained with chest radiography. Eight randomized controlled trials are currently under way to evaluate low dose CT as a screening tool for lung cancer. No current data exist to suggest that lung cancer screening with CT will reduce lung cancer mortality.
Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Sputum ; Thorax

Before the implementation of lung cancer screening as a national cancer screening program, the Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project was performed to evaluate its effectiveness and feasibility. A national lung cancer screening program with low-dose CT (LDCT) will begin from the second half of 2019. LDCT should be performed in high-risk subjects, aged 54–74 years, with a smoking history of 30 pack years or more. The use of multi-detector CT with a minimum of 16 channels is recommended, and LDCT scanning should be performed with the maximum CTDIvol radiation dose of 3 mGy in standard-sized subjects. The results of LDCT should be reported using the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System by diagnostic radiologists educated in specified programs. Radiologists play an important role in lung cancer screening. Quality control and reporting of LDCT is mandatory, and continued education is necessary. Cessation of smoking is the most important in lung cancer screening.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the patterns of enhancement of the herniated lumbar disc with Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 65 patients, 103 lumbar discs diagnosed to be herniated by MR image were retrospectively analyzed. The MR imaging was performed with 1.5 T MR unit, using T1- and T2- weighted sagittal and axial spin echo techniques. Contrast- enhanced T1 weighted sagittal and axial images were performed after intravenous injection of Gadopentetate-dimeglumine(Magnevist, Shering) (0.1 mmol/kg). RESULTS: Contrast enhancement was seen in 66 cases(64%). Thirteen cases of bulging disc were not enhanced. Twenty-eight cases of protruded disc showed intraannular enhancement in 23 cases, peripheral linear and irregular enhancement in each of one case, and nonenhancement in three cases. Fifty-seven cases of extruded disc showed irregular enhancement in 14 cases, peripheral linear enhancement in 12 cases, peripheral ring enhancement in five cases and intraannular enhancement in five cases. All five cases of sequestered disc showed peripheral ring enhancement. CONCLUSION: Protruded discs show intraannular enhancement frequently and sequestered discs usually show peripheral ring enhancement. Enhanced MR imaging may be helpful to evaluate the type of herniated lumbar disc and relationship among disc material, nerve root and thecal sac.
Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of unilateral leg exercise on the contralateral leg and the cross training effect according to the training intensity. METHOD: Nineteen healthy males volunteered to be subjects for this investigation and were divided into a training group (N=13) and a control group (N=6). One leg of each subject in the training group was randomly assigned to a six week, three day/week isokinetic strengthening training program for concentric knee extension-flexion performed at 60 degrees/second (group A, N=6) and 180 degrees/second (group B, N=7). The control group did not train for six weeks. The strength of the knee extensor and flexor was tested before and after the six week period training by Cybex 770 dynamometer. RESULTS: In both groups A and B, the training resulted in significant increase of knee extensor strength in trained limb compared to control group. However, the strength increment of untrained limb was not significant compared to control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant cross training effect following unilateral leg strength exercise.
Education ; Extremities ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg* ; Male

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of renal resistive index(RI) in patients with liver cirrhosis as an indicator for predicting hepatorenal syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal RIs of thirty cirrhotic patients were analyzed using the gray-scale and Doppler ultrasonograms. As a control group, eight normal subjects were alsoincluded. Renal RIs were measured at three sites of interlobar or arcuate arteries of both kidneys. The patients were divided into three groups (A, B, or C) according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification and their serum BUN and creatinine levels were compared. We determined whether RIs of normal controls differed from those of cirrhotic patients or whether RIs of cirrhotic patients correlated with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification or BUN and creatinine levels. RESULTS: Mean RIs(0.63 +/-0.03) of normal subjects were statistically different from those(0.67 +/-0.05) of cirrhotic patients(P=0.009). RIs of group A(n=6), B(n=9) and C(n=15) were 0.65 +/-0.03,0.65 +/-0.04 and 0.70 +/-0.04, respectively. The ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups(F ratio=4.472, P=0.021). RIs did not correlate with BUN or creatinine levels. CONCLUSION: RI could be used as an index for predicting hepatorenal syndrome before the renal function becomes impaired.
Arteries ; Classification ; Creatinine ; Hepatorenal Syndrome* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Tethered cord syndrome(TCS) is defined as low position of the conus medullaris by the abnormally fixed spinal cord with progressive neurologic deficit MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the findings of TCS at MRI and its diagnostic value, we performed a retrospective analysis of MRI of 30 patients with emphasis on clinical manifestation, level of conus medullaris, cause of tethering, and associated findings. RESULTS: Clinical presentation included back mass(26 cases), neurogenic bladder(5 cases), urinary incontinence(5 cases), progressive constipation(2 cases), skin dimpling(1 case), gait disturbance(1 case) and club foot (1 case). Neurologic deficit was developed in 11 cases(40% and mean age of these patients at the time of diagnosis was 8.6 years. The most common cause of tethering was lipoma(63%). The tips of conus medullaris were below the level of the second lumbar spine in all patients. The causes of tethering were lipomatous component(spinal lipoma and lipomyelomenigocele) in 67% myelomeningocele in 20%, presacral mass in 7%, thickened filum terminale in 3% and postoperative change in 3%. Associated anomalies included syringomyelia(20%) and hydrocephalus was associated in 3 out of 5 patients who underwent brain MRI. CONCLUSION: MRI clearly delineated the location of conus, tethering of the filum terminale with their causes and associated abnormalities. MRI examination is a very useful diagnostic tool for the early evaluation of TCS and the postoperative follow up.
Brain ; Cauda Equina ; Conus Snail ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lipoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningomyelocele ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of MRI in preoperative diagnosis of congenital anorectal malformation MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR findings of 11 cases with surgically proved anorectal malformations were retrospectively reviewed and compared with operative findings, according to the level of atresia, the development of sphincter muscle, fistula and associated anomalies of other organs. RESULTS: Four of 11 cases were low type of anorectal atresia, 3 cases were intermediate type, and 3 cases were high type. There was one case of Currarino triad with low type of anorectal stenosis. MRI demonstrated the levels of atresia correctly in all cases and revealed fistulas in all high type of anomalies. Degrees of the development of the sphincter muscles were good in all cases of low types and fair in a case of intermediate type and an anorectal stenosis, whereas the development was poor in 2 cases of intermediate type and all 4 cases of high type. The associated anomalies in anorectal malformation were renal agenesis, congenital hip dysplasia and sacral defect with presacral teratoma in Currarino triad. CONCLUSION: MRI was a simple and useful study to confirm the level of atresia, fistula and associated anomalies in the diagnosis of the congenital anorectal malformation.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma