Lipoarabinomannans (LAM) is believed as a potential virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LAM exhibits marked differences in biological activities depending on the types, arabinofuranosyl-terminated LAM (AraLAM) derived from a rapidly growing Mycobacterium sp. and heavily mannosylated LAM (ManLAM) derived from the Erdman strain. Collaboration between macrophages and T cells, especially macrophage activation by gamma interferon (IFN-r) and chemoattraction of T cells at the very inflammatory foci would be essential in defence against M. tubercu/osis. Chemokines Mig and IP-10 are inducible by IFN-r from macrophages and have been shown to act in vitro as T cell chemoattractants. However, little is known of LAMs capacity to induce chemokines Mig and IP-10 in macrophages. In this experiment, Mig and IP10 mRNA was expressed in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against BCG in BCG-immune mice. In some experiments, both Mig and IP-10 mRNA was evidently induced with different time courses in THP-1 cells stimulated with whole live M. tubercu/osis H37Rv (Erdman). To investigate whether Mig and IP-10 genes are differentially induced depending on the type of LAM, PCR amplification was used to detect mRNA of Mig and IP-10 from the THP-1 human monocytic cells stimulated with LAM. AraLAM, but not ManLAM, induced weakly Mig and IP-10 mRNA in the THP-1 cells. The induction of Mig and IP-10 was dependent upon the dose of AraLAM and exhibited different time courses. The mRNA for Mig and IP-10 was induced within 2 hr and 4 hr from the initiation of treatrnent and has disappeared by 8 hr and 24 hr under the experimental conditions used in this study, respectively. IFN-y at 100 U/ml, but not at 10 U/ml, was itself a good stimulus of both Mig and IP- 10 expression, and synergized with either AraLAM or ManLAM for induction of both Mig and IP-10. The expression patterns of MCP-3 were somewhat similar to those of Mig and IP10 in all of the experiments. These data indicate that IFN-r may contribute to effective macrophage function if macrophages are not fully affected by ManLAM, and chemokines Mig and IP-10 may a role in recruitment of T cells at inflammatory foci of tuberculosis.
Animals ; Chemokines* ; Chemotactic Factors ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Interferons ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; Virulence

No abstract available.
HLA-D Antigens* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Epistaxis*

"Mig is a gamma interferon-inducible T cell chemoattractant that is a member of the chemokine family of cytokines. In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression of the Mig gene, we have characterized the Mig gene and compared its structure and regulatory sequences with that of its ciosest IP10 gene. The genomic organization of the Mig gene reveals three introns that interrupt the transcribed sequence into four functional domains with a single ""CAT""- and ""TATA""-like structure. Primer extension analysis was used to identify the transcriptional initiation site that is located 50 bp upstream to the methionine codon that begins the long open reading frame. Comparison of the intron-exon structure of this gene to the gene for IP10 establishes that both genes are interrupted in precisely the same positions within homologous codons. The similarity of the intron-exon structure of the Mig and IP10 genes further support the hypothesis that Mig and IP10 genes have evolved from a common ancestral gene by gene duplication. The 5'-flanking region of Mig gene shows no overall sequence similarity with that from its closest IP10 gene whose production is also affected by gamma interferon. However, there are regions including a sequence with similarity to the NFxB binding site, AP-1 binding site, and ISRE. The r-RF-1 binding site is well conserved from -204 to -194 from the transcription start site in the Mig gene. Given the importance of IFN-r for effective immunity in tuberculosis and induction of Mig and IP10 genes in macrophages by IFN-r, we demonstrated induction of the genes Mig and IP10 with different message levels in the THP-1 human monocytic cell lines stimulated with whole M. tuberculosis. Despite the very similarity in genomic organization and the overlap in biological activities between MIG and IP10, our data described herein further support the suggestion that these chemokines rnay role nonredundantly in vivo. Moreover, our studies done on the Mig gene should provide the structural framework for future studies and begin to dissect cis-acting DNA sequences that are critical for gene regulation mediated by cell surface receptors."
Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CXCL9* ; Chemokines ; Codon ; Cytokines ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans* ; Interferons ; Introns ; Macrophages ; Methionine ; Open Reading Frames ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Nose*

A case of neonatal diabetes mellitus is described. The child presented with low birth weight but was normal in appearance. She was acidotic and ketonuria was observed. The HLA typing was DR1 and 3, and insulin autoantibodies were negative. Genetic analysis with polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 6 indicated biparental inheritance. She required insulin therapy for the control of hyperglycemia, and insulin dependence continues after 8 months of age.
Autoantibodies ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Genetic Markers ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin ; Ketosis ; Wills

No abstract available.
Titanium*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to determine proper position and angulation of an implant for immediate implantation. MATERIALS AND METHOD : From the years 1997 to 2000, 52 Denta scanR views, 22 upper and 32 lower jaw with an average age of 43 and 40 respectively, were investigated, which comprise intact upper and lower 6 anterior teeth and premolars. on the Denta scanR, the optimal placement for the immediated implantation was simulated. The measuring methods included. 1) Angulation difference between tooth long axis and alveolar bone process. 2) Angulation difference of long axis between tooth and installing fixture 3) Distance between center of tooth at cervical area and center of fixture. 4) Distance from root apex to the bone limit of vital structure. One sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULT : The results were as follows. 1) At the maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor, angulation difference of long axis between tooth and installing fixture was respectively 0.5 and 3.2degrees with the fixture center's palatally positioned 2mm apart from tooth center. 2) At the lower anterior 6 teeth, that was about -2.8degree to -4.6degree with the fixture center's lingually positioned 1mm apart from tooth center. 3) At the maxillary canine and premolar, that was respectively 11.8degree and 7.2degree with the fixture center palatally positioned 2~2.4mm apart from tooth center. 4) At the lower premolar area, that was about 0degree to 2degree with the fixture center's lingually positioned 0.5~1mm apart from tooth center. 5) Distance from root apex to the bone limit of vital structure, at the maxillary anterior and premolars, was the range of 10 to 12mm, and at the mandibular anterior teeth and the 1st premolar, that was the range of 18 to 20mm. CONCLUSION : The proper implant position of maxillary anterior and premolar teeth is as paralleled as or more buccally angulated than long axis of tooth with the fixture center's palatally positioned. in mandibular anterior region, long axis of implants is lingully angulated compared with compared with long axis of tooth and in premolar, almost parelleled with long axis of tooth and alveolar process.
Alveolar Process ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid ; Dental Implantation* ; Dental Implants* ; Incisor ; Jaw ; Statistics as Topic* ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*