No abstract available.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Dislocations* ; Patella*

Holoprosencephaly is a rare complex cerebral anomaly produced by a failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon. The association of brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism is a typical finding. There are three types(alobar, semilobar, and lobar) of holoprosencephaly. Among these the alobar type has the worst prognosis. The early antenatal diagnosis of the holoprosencephaly is very important determinant for initiating the therapeutic abortion. We report 3 cases of alobar holoprosencephaly with the brief review of the literature.
Abortion, Therapeutic ; Brain ; Female ; Holoprosencephaly* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Prosencephalon

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scatter correction on the assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function by gated Tc-99m myocardial SPECT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 11 normal volunteers, 20 patients with non-cardiac chest pain and 13 patients with coronary artery diseases. We classified above 3 groups into normal and diseased groups. Scatter correction was done using dual-energy-window scatter correction method (DEW-SC). We compared acquired counts, image contrast, corrected maximum relative counts, indices of left ventricular function, extent and severity of perfusion defects calculated by 'CEqual program' between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. RESULTS: Scatter corrected studies was lower in counts by 18+/-3% than uncorrected studies, but image contrast were improved in all cases. Scatter correction using DEW-SC took 3 minutes to complete, and 512 kB memory to store. There were no significant differences among indices of left ventricular function between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. Although extents of perfusion defects were not significantly different, severity was severer in scatter corrected images. CONCLUSION: Scatter correction using DEW-SC is simple to do, and improves image contrast without changing other indices of myocardial perfusion and function.
Chest Pain ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Memory ; Perfusion* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

In the treament of the non-union or delayed union of the long bone, it is very difficult to achieve union. We have experienced 15 cases of non-union or delayed union of the tibia who were treated by sliding inlay bone graft with cancellous chip bone graft from June, 1979 to April, 1984. The results were as follows: l. In all cases cancellous iliac bone graft were performed, and additionally internal fixation or simple cast immobilization were done for stabilization of the fracture site. 2. The average bone union time was 2.8 months in delayed union and 4.4 months in non-union. 3. 1n 5 failed cases there were reactivation of previous infections. 4. In 5 cases of postoperative infection, sliding grafts were sequestrated in all. 5. The advantage of this procedure in the cases without infection were: 1) In the anteromedial cortex of tibia, such a surgical intervention permits easy skin closure and prevents skin necrosis. 2) Such a procedure can recanalize the obliterated medullary cavity without disturbance of the fracture ends during operation. 6. This procedure was proved to be one of valuable adjuvant method in the treatment of uninfected non or delayed union of the tibiae.
Immobilization ; Inlays ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Tibia ; Transplants

Articular cartilage can be damaged by trauma or by progressive degradation caused by disease. Unfortunately, it has a extremely limited capacity for repair and regeneration. The use of joint prosthesis has revolutionized but remains limited in its use. To know the possibility of clinical application of clinical application of autogenous bone-articular graft in open complicated intraarticular fractures we studied the change of bone-articular cartilage defect in medial femoral condyle of rabbits and viability of autogenous bone-articular graft stored within abdominal wall of rabbits. The results were obtained as follows: 1. There was over 90% viability of subchondral bone after 10 days storage in the adbominal wall but the articular cartilage showed degenerative change about 40% after 5 days passed. 2. The bone-articular defect was replaced by undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and fibrous tissue, postoperative 6 weeks later. 3. In implanted bone-articular cartilage graft at 3 days, the chondrocyte of basal cell layer in articular cartilage was relatively well preserved but in 7 days, transplanted articular cartilage graft showed almost necrotic chage. Most of subchondral bones were well healed with host bone without regard to duration of implantation.
Abdominal Wall ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joint Prosthesis ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Transplants

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

Background: Insulin is known to act as second effector that provides potassium transfer from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid, thus causing hypokalemia and arrythmia. We evaluated the effect of magnesium sulfate treatment on hemodynamics and serum potassium concentration, induced by continuous infusion of regular insulin solution in rabbits. Method: Twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups for the experiment. Group I was given intravenouse injection of 5 ml of normal saline and continuous dripping of 7.5 U of RI. Group II was pretreated with 30 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate, followed by continuous dripping of 7.5 U of RI. Group III was given 5 ml of normal saline and 15 U of RI. And Group IV was administered 15 U of RI after 30 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate pretreatment. Venouse blood sampling was done before pretreatment, and after 5, 30, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were taken at the same intervals. Result: 1) There was no significant change in serum potassium concentration in groups injected with 7.5 units of RI respectively (groups I and II), regardless of magnesium pretreatment. But in groups injected with 15 units of RI, the group that was not pretreated with magnesium (Groups III) showed a decrease in serum potassium concentration from 3.39+/-0.57 Eq/L to 2.29+/-0.71 mEq/L, while the concentration in the pretreated group (Group IV) decreased more significantly from 3.35+/-0.50 mEq/L to 1.81+/-0.41 mEq/L. 2) Pulse rate did not change significantly in groups that received continuous infusion of 7.5 units of RI (groups I and II) regardless of magnesium pretreatment, but increased significantly in groups injected with 15 units of RI (groups III and IV), pretreated or not. The pretreated group (group IV) had a more significant rise in pulse rate compared with the group that was not pretreated (group III). 3) In all of the groups, those pretreated with magnesium (groups II and IV) and those not pretreated (groups I and III), there was no significant change in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Nor was arrhythmia detected. Conclusion: The above results indicate that while magnesium sulfate pretreatment at 30 mg/kg with insulin infusion affects serum potassium concentration, has an antiarrhythmic effect, and may induce tachycardia, it does not have any significant effect on blood pressure.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Extracellular Fluid ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypokalemia ; Insulin ; Intracellular Fluid ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Magnesium* ; Potassium* ; Rabbits* ; Tachycardia

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System in the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neo- plasia(CIN II, III) from patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LGSIL) on referral Papanicolaou smear. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four patients referred to our hospital with a Papanicolaou smear report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion underwent repeat Papanicolaou smear, cervical colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy. In addition, high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) test by Hybrid Capture System was done. A comparison of detection rate of the high-grade CIN between positive and negative results of HPV test according to repeat Papanicolaou smear report was done. Biopsy result according to HPV test result in total patients was also compared. RESULTS: HPV of high-risk type was detected in 22 of 54 women(40.7%) by Hybrid Capture System. Prevalence rate of high-risk HPV in no CIN, CIN I, and CIN II, III was 13.6%, 18.2% and 68.2% respectively. As expected, high-risk HPV was detected with greater frequency in relation to increasing severity of CIN. In 18 women, the repeat smear obtained in our clinic was reported as negative. High-risk HPV types were found in 16.7% of theses women. In the HPV-negative women, 40% had CIN II or III confirmed on cervical biopsy. In comparison, 66.7% of those with a positive result of the HPV test had CIN II or III on biopsy(P<0.05). Among the women with ASCUS or LGSIL on repeat smear, there was no significant difference in the frequency of biopsy-proved CIN II or III between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test. In total patients, the group that had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence of CIN II or III than group with negative results(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: From these results testing women with Papanicolaou smears showing ASCUS or LGSIL for infection with high-risk HPV types would identify the patients who are at risk for HGSIL or invasive carcinoma and who require aggressive intervention. High-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System may be a usefule method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prgnostic value in the management of patients with cervical intraepithelial lesions.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papilloma* ; Prevalence ; Referral and Consultation

PURPOSE: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as an independent risk factor in arterial and venous thrombosis. Mutations in genes encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, may account for reduced enzyme activity and elevated plasma homocysteine levels. In this study, we investigated the interrelation of MTHFR C677T genotype and level of homocysteine in patients with arterial and venous thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 146 patients who were diagnosed as having arterial and venous thrombosis. We excluded patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. We examined routinely the plasma concentration of total homocysteine level and MTHFR C677T polymorphism for evaluation of thrombotic tendency in all patients. Screening processes of MTHFR C677T polymorphism were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Investigated groups consisted of thrombotic arterial occlusion in 48 patients and venous occlusion in 63 patients. The distribution of the three genotypes was as follows: homozygous normal (CC) genotype in 29 (26.1%), heterozygous (CT) genotype in 57 (51.4%), and homozygous mutant (TT) genotype in 25 (22.5%) patients. There were no significant differences among individuals between each genotype group for baseline characteristics. Plasma concentration of homocysteine in patients with the TT genotype was significantly increased compared to the CC genotype (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed a significant interaction between TT genotypes and homocysteine levels in our results. The results might reflect the complex interaction between candidate genes and external factors responsible for thrombosis.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Genotype ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Metabolism ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)* ; Plasma* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis