A clinical observation was made on 216 cases of genitourinary tract tumors of the impatients in the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the 10 years, from January 1972 to December 1981. The results were as follows: 1. During this period, of 1282 cases hospitalized, 216 cases (180 males, 36 females) had tumors of the genitourinary tract, at the rate of 16.8%. 2. The male to female ratio was 5:1 (180:36). 3. The majority of the patients(88.4%) were distributed over age of 40 years. 4. The prostate was the most commonly involved organ (51.3%) and the tumors of the bladder, kidney, testis, penis, pelvis, ureter, urethra were in order. 5. Histopathologically, B.P.H. was observed in 43.1% of all operative tumors, transitional cell carcinoma of bladder in 28.1% and renal cell carcinoma in 5.6%. 6. Operations were performed in 160 patients (74.1%).
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Pelvis ; Penis ; Prostate ; Testis ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

A clinical observation was made on the non-visualizing kidneys of the inpatients and outpatients in the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period from January 1979 to December 1981. The results were as follows. 1. IVP was performed on 849 cases. Among these 131 cases revealed non-visualizing kidney at the rate of 15.4%. 2. Male and female was in the ratio of 1.4:1 and the largest percentage (26%)of the patients was in the fourth decade. 3. Of the causes of non-visualizing kidney, the parenchymal origin was more common than obstructive origin and the renal tuberculosis was the most common disease (43 cases). 4. About a third of 131 non-visualizing kidneys showed abnormal renal function. 5. Operation was performed in 93 patients (71%).
Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Kidney* ; Male ; Outpatients ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urology

We experienced two cases of giant hydronephrosis which contained 1,800, 1,200 cc of urine. It was caused by renal stone and congenital ureteropelvic junction stricture.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Hydronephrosis*

Choriocarcinoma associated with a normal pregnancy is rare. Futhermore, choriocarcinoma coexistent with a viable pregnancy is even rarer and associated with a greater risk of hepatic and cerebral involvement. So timely diagnosis of the disease is important for successful treatment and aggressive diagnostic procedures may therefore warranted. The patient should be treated with primary intensive combination chemotherapy(EMA-CO) and the selective use of irradiation and surgical therapy. We experienced a case of metastatic choriocarcinoma of lung and kidney following preterm delivery at 34th week of pregnancy and so present it with brief review of literature.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

Urethral mobilization is an adjunctive surgical technique for improving the position of the urethral meatus in a hypospadias operation. In our patient with mild degree of hypospadias and chordee the mobilized urethral meatus was placed out onto the glans without constructing a neourethra.
Female ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Urethra*

Currently, the incidence of massive transfusions during operation has been increasing because the more complicated and invasive operations than before can be done due to enhanced technololgy in both anesthesia and surgery. In spite of marked improvement in immunology and transfusion technique, massive transfusions are associated with several problems usually not seen in normal transfusion practice. In order to evaluate the effect of massive transfusion on the serum sodium, potassium levels and platelet count in the blood during general anesthesia, we have retrospectively examined these values before and after massive transfusion in 62 patients who received at least one blood volume at Kosin Medical Center from January 1985 through May 1989. Statistical significance was assessed by using Student's t-test. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The average volume of transfusion was 5432 ml (13.4 units). 2) The total number of massive transfusions was 62 (0.47%), excluding cases with renal failure or open heart surgery, out of 13,213 anesthetic patients 3) The hightest incidence of age distribution was from 50 to 59 years. 4) There were 2 fatalities (3.2%) that seemed to be due primarily to the transfused blood itself. 5) The decrease in the serum sodium concentration after transfusion was not statistically significant (p>0.05). 6) There was a statistically significant decrease in serum potassium concentration after transfusion (p<0.05). 7) The decrease in the platelet count after massive transfusion was by 44% which was statistically aignificant (p<0.05). 8) Except for the decrease in the platelet count (p<0.05), there was no statistical significance in the changes of sodium and potaasium levels (p>0.05) after massive transfusion between the shock and non-shock groups. Since massive transfusion can be associated with the decrease in the serum potassium and platelet count, these patients blood levels should be monitored during and after maseive transfusion for proper management.
Age Distribution ; Allergy and Immunology ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Platelets* ; Blood Transfusion* ; Blood Volume ; Humans ; Incidence ; Platelet Count* ; Potassium ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Sodium ; Thoracic Surgery

PURPOSE: To test the hemodynamic and biochemical sequences of secondary cerebral energy failure after acute reversed hypoxic ischemic brain insult (HI) can be reproduced in newborn piglets. METHODS: Fifteen anesthetized, ventilated newborn piglet (<3 day) were studied. Eight (HI) were induced transient HI by breathing 8% oxygen and complete occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 minutes followed by reoxygenation and reperfusion. Seven (control) were given a sham operation. Both groups were maintained for 48 hours with intensive care and monitoring of cerbral hemodynamics and [delta Cyt aa3] using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Finally, brain cortex was harvested and determined activities of Na+, K+/-ATPase, level of conjugated dienes, ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) biochemically. RESULTS: No changes took place in the 48-hour control group. In HI group, PaO2, pH, and MABP decreased, and heart rate, glucose, lactate level in blood and lactate level in CSF increased during acute HI. These variables subsequently returned to normal with time. In continuous NIRS monitoring, [delta Cyt aa3] were not changed in the control group. But in HI group [delta Cyt aa3] decreased significantly in acute HI and then normalized with resuscitation but gradually decreased and was significantly lower than control group at 48 hours. Cerebral Na+, K+/- ATPase activity and ATP, PCr level of experimental group significantly decreased compared to control group. Cerebral level of conjugated dienes were not significantly different between both group. CONCLUSION: We successfully reproduced secondary cerebral energy failure after acute HI in thenewborn piglet and this animal model may be useful for testing cerebroprotective strategies.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Glucose ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Models, Animal ; Oxygen ; Phosphocreatine ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Respiration ; Resuscitation ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared* ; Spectrum Analysis

Chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare cause of pelvic mass mimicking ovarian carcinoma. Imaging techniques, even CT and MRI, failed to define the exact origin of the tumor. These findings as well as the elevated CA-125 level naturally resulted in a preoperative diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Surgical removal is the most important treatment of choice for chondrosarcoma. We experienced a case of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of pelvic cavity in a 45-year-old patient, who presented with abdominal distension and lower abdominal palpable mass, and reported it with a brief review of literatures.
Chondrosarcoma* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged

A 41-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for self-audible wheezing sound and dyspnea. On past history, she has been suffered from chest discomfort, and treated recurrently by other hospitals. But, there was no symptomatic improvement. A stridor and mixed wheezing sound was auscultated on whole lung field. PFT revealed fixed type or variable intra- & extra-thoracic air way obstructive pattern. By bronchoscopy & bronchogram, we found web-like structure on the distal trachea. A bronchoplasty was performed and the post-operative PFT showed slight improvement & she had no more complaints.
Adult ; Bronchoscopy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thorax ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis*

PURPOSE: Peripheral neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, which is one of the most frequent endocrine metabolic disorders in children. However, there are very few long-term follow-up studies on the condition in publication and none in Korean literature. In order to find out the correlation between the severity of peripheral neuropathy and glycosylated hemoglobin level, an indicator of diabetes control, a follow-up study was conducted on cases of insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study was conducted on 37 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (12 males, 25 females, aged 7-21 years) who were diagnosed and were being treated in general hospitals in the Taegu-Kyungpook area from 1994 to 1998. They were also subject to nerve conduction velocity test at least two times with an interval of one or more years. Nerve conduction velocity was measured by using type MEM-3102 apparatus of Nihon Kohden (on motor and sensory component of left ulnar nerve and median nerve, motor component of left and right peroneal, posterior tibial nerve, sensory component of left and right sural nerve) and medical history was taken, neurological examination was done and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured with each test. RESULTS: The total number of nerve conduction velocity tests was 89 and the results were divided into 5 groups [normal : 14 cases (15.7%); borderline: 35 cases (39.3%); mononeuropathy : 2 cases (2.2%); mild polyneuropathy : 22 cases (24.7%); severe polyneuropathy : 16 cases (18.0%)] by the number and distributions of nerves that were found abnormal. Ten of the 26 cases, belonging to the normal or borderline group in the first test, showed signs of peripheral neuropathy in later tests, and of the 11 cases with peripheral neuropathy in the first test, none improved to be included in the normal or borderline group in the follow-up study. The mean glycosylated hemoglobin level was 9.2+/-2.5% in normal group, 11.9+/-3.2% in borderline group, 13.0+/-0.3% in mononeuropathy group, 12.0+/-3.7% in mild polyneuropathy group and 14.8+/-4.0% in severe polyneuropathy group, and glycosylated hemoglobin level rose with the severity of the neuropathy (r=0.372, p< 0.01). In the 9 cases that had shown improvement of peripheral neuropathy, glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased significantly by an average of 3.5+/-1.3% with each level of improvement (t-test, p<0.05), but in 20 cases with deteriorating nerve conduction velocity, there was no significant correlation with increase in glycosylated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSION: Peripheral neuropathy complicating insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can occur during diabetes treatment and does not improve easily once it occurs. In this study, the glycosylated hemoglobin level was shown to have a high degree of correlation with the occurrence and progression of neuropathy, which means that control of hyperglycemia is difficult and also that stricter control of blood glucose during early stages of diabetes is necessary to prevent neuropathy. Follow-up studies with bigger samples and longer time will be needed for a more detailed look.
Blood Glucose ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Mononeuropathies ; Neural Conduction ; Neurologic Examination ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Polyneuropathies ; Publications ; Tibial Nerve ; Ulnar Nerve