OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System in the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neo- plasia(CIN II, III) from patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LGSIL) on referral Papanicolaou smear. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four patients referred to our hospital with a Papanicolaou smear report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion underwent repeat Papanicolaou smear, cervical colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy. In addition, high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) test by Hybrid Capture System was done. A comparison of detection rate of the high-grade CIN between positive and negative results of HPV test according to repeat Papanicolaou smear report was done. Biopsy result according to HPV test result in total patients was also compared. RESULTS: HPV of high-risk type was detected in 22 of 54 women(40.7%) by Hybrid Capture System. Prevalence rate of high-risk HPV in no CIN, CIN I, and CIN II, III was 13.6%, 18.2% and 68.2% respectively. As expected, high-risk HPV was detected with greater frequency in relation to increasing severity of CIN. In 18 women, the repeat smear obtained in our clinic was reported as negative. High-risk HPV types were found in 16.7% of theses women. In the HPV-negative women, 40% had CIN II or III confirmed on cervical biopsy. In comparison, 66.7% of those with a positive result of the HPV test had CIN II or III on biopsy(P<0.05). Among the women with ASCUS or LGSIL on repeat smear, there was no significant difference in the frequency of biopsy-proved CIN II or III between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test. In total patients, the group that had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence of CIN II or III than group with negative results(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: From these results testing women with Papanicolaou smears showing ASCUS or LGSIL for infection with high-risk HPV types would identify the patients who are at risk for HGSIL or invasive carcinoma and who require aggressive intervention. High-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System may be a usefule method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prgnostic value in the management of patients with cervical intraepithelial lesions.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papilloma* ; Prevalence ; Referral and Consultation

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Humans ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease*

Two hundred twenty premature infants who were inhalated 02 and under 2500mg birth weight or under 37 weeks of gestational age were examined from January 1990 to June 1991. We performed clinical analysis and results were as follows. 1. Thirty one infants (14.1 %) were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity. 2. Male patients were 17 (54.8%) and female patients were 14 (46.2%). There was no significant difference in incidence between male and female (X2=0.01, p>0.05). 3. The first examination was performed at 2.4 weeks cf life in average, and the retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed at 4.8 weeks in average. 4. Stage 2 was detected in 10 patients (32.3%) and stage 3 was detected in 6 patients (19.4%). 5. Plus sign was found in 2 patients (19%) with stage 2 and 6 patients (100%) with stage 3. 6. The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was highly associated with low birth weight (<1200gm), small gestational age (<30 weeks), and oxygen concentration (>or=60%). 7. Other associated possible risk factors were hyperbilirubinemia, idiopathic respiratoty distress syndrome, anemia, apnea and transfusion.
Anemia ; Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors

Syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis is an extremely rare condition,and can occur in the generalized acquired syphilitic patient in tertiary or secondary phase. The most serious problem with granulomatous pancreatic lesion is clinical or radiological misdiagnosis as cancer. We experienced a case of syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis arising in 54 year old female patient. She was treated for syphilis 20years ago. But she and her husband are still strong positive to VDRL and TPHA. On abdominal computed tomography and endoscopic pancreatico- duodenography, there was an obstructive mass of low density in the distal common bile duct or pancreatic head. Under the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic head carcinoma, Whipple's operation was done. On gross examination, the pancreas was fibrotic, and the common bile duct was well preserved without tumor mass. Microscopically, numerous intralobular noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells are identified. They surround thick-walled, small to medium sized arteries and involve vascular wall with luminal narrowing or obliteration, which are characteristic findings of the syphilitic granuloma. The remaining parenchyme shows fibrosis, acinar atrophy or destruction with dense infiltration of lymphohistiocytes, plasma cells with granuloma formation. Although the Warthin-Starry stain reveals no spirochetes, the serologic result and pathologic findings are compatible with syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis.
Female ; Humans

Papillary and solid epithelial neoplasm is a rare pancreatic tumor of low-grade malignancy. We report a case of a 23 year old female having solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreatic tail with mutiple omental and peritoneal metastases. Microscopically, the main tumor showed typical histologic findings including solid and papillary areas with cystic change. But the metastasizing nodules were largely solid and the tumor cells demonstrated increased nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia and an increased mitotic rate. The tumor cells contained considerable amount of intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic inclusions which were ultrastructually zymogen-like granules. These inclusions were more frequently found in the metastatic nodules. By flow cytometric study, the tumor was hyperdiploid. The DNA index was not significant.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Neonatal and Infantile conjunctivitis are common disease in ophthalmologic outpatient department but, a study of causative organisms and antibiotics sensitivity tests are insufficient till now We divided 117 babies(117eyes) having conjunctivitis into neonatal and infantile group who were visited Sung-Ae General Hospital from Jan, 1989 to May, 1990. We performed bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test. The results were as follows; 1) Culture positive rates are 65% in neonates and 87% in infants. There is no sexual difference of ratio. 2) The incidence of isolated organisms is Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus and Streptococcus. 3) Cephalothin is most sensitive antibiotics and Chloramphenicol shows relatively lower sensitivity.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalothin ; Chloramphenicol ; Coagulase ; Conjunctivitis* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Outpatients ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus

OBJECTIVES: The transmission of medical information is currently a daily routine. Medical information needs efficient, robust and secure encryption modes, but cryptography is primarily a computationally intensive process. Towards this direction, we design a selective encryption scheme for critical data transmission. METHODS: We expand the advandced encrytion stanard (AES)-Rijndael with five criteria: the first is the compression of plain data, the second is the variable size of the block, the third is the selectable round, the fourth is the optimization of software implementation and the fifth is the selective function of the whole routine. We have tested our selective encryption scheme by C++ and it was compiled with Code::Blocks using a MinGW GCC compiler. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that our selective encryption scheme achieves a faster execution speed of encryption/decryption. In future work, we intend to use resource optimization to enhance the round operations, such as SubByte/InvSubByte, by exploiting similarities between encryption and decryption. CONCLUSIONS: As encryption schemes become more widely used, the concept of hardware and software co-design is also a growing new area of interest.
Medical Informatics

PURPOSE: Theophylline, an adenosine antagonist commonly used in premature infants to treat apnea, has been shown to decrease erythropoietin levels in adults. We studied the effect of theophylline on serum erythropoietin levels in premature infants with apnea. METHODS: Subject were 12 premature infants with apnea who were admitted to the NICU, Chosun University Hospital. The first dose of theophylline was 5mg/kg, given intravenously, followed by 1 to 2mg/kg per day. Serum levels were maintained between 5 and 12microgram/dl with dosage adjustments. Erythropoietin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte count, erythrocyte indices were obtained on the last day of theophylline treatment and again 1 week later. Erythropoietin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Blood transfusions were avoided a week before and during the study period. RESULTS: 1) Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were decreased at 1 week after the discontinuation of theophylline treatment compared to the last day of theophylline treatment (P<0.05), but reticulocyte count (%) was increased (P<0.05). 2) There was a significant increase in serum erythropoietin levels from 3.31+/-1.53u/l to 6.68+/-2.41u/l (P<0.05). 3) No correlation was found between erythropoietin levels and the number of days on respirator, the number of days of O2 supply, the number of apneic episodes, the number of blood transfusion, the period of theophylline treatment and the theophylline blood levels. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that prolonged treatment with theophylline might reduce erythropoietin production in premature infants.
Adenosine ; Adult ; Apnea ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythropoietin* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reticulocyte Count ; Theophylline* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

The acardiac twin, or twin reversal of arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is encountered in approximately 1% of monozygotic twins with an incidence of one in 35,000 births. The problem results from vascular anastomoses between the arterial and venous circulation of normal "pump" twin and that of recipient "perfused" acardiac twin. The recipient twin may display severe and lethal anomalies, including acardia and acephalus. The pump twin is structurally normal. Mortality of about 50-75% in cases without treatment is due to heart failure, prematurity or cord entanglement. We report a case of acardiac twin diagnosed by ultrasound prenatally.
Heart Failure ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Perfusion ; Twins, Monozygotic ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter*