Investigations of some problems related to the bovine theileriasis and its vector have been undertaken in Korea. Owing to the nation-wide investment of dairy farming, hundreds of milk cattle were imported from foreign countries during the last l0 years. This caused some problems for the imported dairy cattle in terms of cattle piroplasmosis, from which native Korean cattle are immune. The bovine theileriasis has been studied from the beginning of the 20th centry in Korea, and the carriers and incidences of theilerial infection were reported by several authors during the past 60 years. Theilerial species in Korea is still unknown, but Han(1968) reported that it might be the same species as found in Japan. The latest work of Ishihara(1969) suggested that the species of the genus Theileria in Japanese cattle would be one similar to Theileria sergenti in Russian cattle. The tick responsible for the transmission of Korean theileriasis, Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) longicornis Neumann 1901 was incriminated as in the name of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (synonym) by Han(1968). The tick vector was re-examined thoroughly following the description of Hoogstraal et a1. (1969). There were no significant differences in the morphological character of ticks between Hoogstraal et al. and Jang(l973). The population fluctuation of H. longicornis in comparison with Boophilus microplus which is major important cattle tick was surveyed based on the collection of them at Suweon Stock Market through a year. The activities of the ticks begin on the central part of Korea in April and showed two highest population densities in May and July, and disappeared almost all in September.
parasitology-protozoa-Theileria sergenti ; cattle ; theileriasis ; tick- Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) longicornis ; Boophilus microplus ; epidemiology

The life cycle of Eurytrema pancreaticum has been studied locally at Chejudo (Quelpart Island) in Korea, and found a land snail, Acusta despecta Gray served as the first intermediate host of the pancreatic fluke. The second intermediate host of the fluke also has been surveyed there, the tettigoniid grasshoppers, Conocephalus maculatus Le Guillon and C. gladiatius Redtenbacher. The land snail, Acusta despecta Gray, is acquired infection with the eggs of the fluke in the autum, then the miracidia grow in the liver of the land snails and become mother sporocysts through the winter. After one mother sporocyst has been divided into many spindle shaped daughter sporocysts during spring session, the fully matured daughter sporocysts penetrate into the membrane of mantle cavity in the land snail, and then, pass actively the membrane between June and July. The daughter sporocysts are eaten by the tettigoniid grasshoppers, C. maculatus and C. gladiatus, through the summer and autumn. Cercariae in the grasshoppers grow for about 20 days, and become matured metacercariae in the abdominal cavity. Finally, the matured metacercariae together with the grasshoppers are eaten by their final hosts; goat, rabbit, etc. The artificial infection with the metacercariae of the pancreatic fluke to rabbit as the final host in laboratory room was carried out successfully. The miracidia have been forced out by pressure from the eggs incubated at 20-25 C could live more than three hours swimming around the medium under the microscope.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; life cycle ; morphology ; egg ; snail-Acusta despecta ; rabbit ; grasshopper-Conocephalus maculatus ; Conocephalus gladiatius

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the type of subscapularis tendon tears diagnosed during arthroscopy and the outcomes of physical tests and of isokinetic muscle strength tests. METHODS: We preoperatively evaluated physical outcomes and isokinetic muscle strength of 60 consecutive patients who underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and/or subacromial decompression. We divided the patients into five groups according to the type of subscapularis tear, which we classified using Lafosse classification system during diagnostic arthroscopic surgery. RESULTS: When we performed a trend analysis between the outcomes of the physical tests and the severity of subscapularis tendon tear, we found that both the incidence of positive sign of the collective physical tests and that of individual physical tests increased significantly as the severity of the subscapularis tear increased (p<0.001). Similarly, the deficit in isokinetic muscle strength showed a tendency to increase as the severity of subscapularis tear increased, but this positive correlation was statistically significant in only the deficit between those with Lafosse type II tears and those with Lafosse type III tears. CONCLUSIONS: Although no single diagnostic test surpasses above others in predicting the severity of a subscapularis tear, our study implies that, as a collective unit of tests, the total incidence of the positive rate of the physical tests and the extent of isokinetic strength deficit may correlate with severity of subscapularis tears.
Arthroscopy ; Classification ; Decompression ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Muscle Strength* ; Physical Examination ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder ; Tears* ; Tendons

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign bone tumors usually involving extraarticular metaphysis of long bone. Solitary intra-articular osteochondroma arising from the elbow joint has rarely been reported. We present a case of 23-year-old female who had pain and limited motion of the left elbow as a result of intraarticular osteochondroma of the distal humerus. Arthroscopic excision of the osteochondroma yielded complete relief of symptoms. Absence of recurrence was confirmed radiographically at two years after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of osteochondroma of the elbow successfully treated arthroscopically.
Arthroscopy ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteochondroma* ; Recurrence ; Young Adult

Penicillin is still the first choice of drug in the treatment of gonorrhea. The ever lowering sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin and the emergence of PPNG (Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae) in the Far East and other parts of the world neceessitate reapprisal of treatrnent schedules with penicillin for gonococcal infections. In Korea, no authentical study in this regard has been done recently. The presence of intracellular gram r.egative diplococci in urethral smear as weIl as the presence of oxidase positive typical, round, convex, smooth, glistening, tratmslucent, greyish colonies of 0.5 to 2mm in diameter a 24 hours composed of grarn negative diplococci are used for presump'ive evidence of gonococccal infection 224 male patients with acnte uncomplicated gonococal infections were treated one of following regimens. Regimen A: 4.8mega unit combicillin (3.6mega unit procaine penicillin+l.2 mega unit sodium penicillin) i.m.. preceded by 1gm probenecid p.o., Regirnen B: 4.8 mega unit procaine penicillin i.m. preceded by 1gm probenecid P.O. Regimen A showed 14 failures(11.3% arnong 124. Regimen B showed 19 failures (19%) among 100 It is suggested that in Korea sesnsitivity to penicillin of Yeisseria gonorrhoeae is quite low.
Appointments and Schedules ; Far East ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neisseria ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillins* ; Probenecid ; Procaine ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported the results of arthroscopic coracoplasty concomitantly conducted with subscapularis tear. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and compare the outcomes of arthroscopic subscapularis repair after arthroscopic coracoplasty using either the subacromial approach or rotator interval approach. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients who underwent coracoplasty with subscapularis repair. The patients were grouped according to whether the subacromial approach group (24 patients) or rotator interval approach group (27 patients) was used during coracoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale scores, American shoulder and elbow surgeons scores, Korean shoulder scores, and range of motion (ROM) were assessed. Assessment of repaired rotator cuff tendon integrity was performed at 1 year after surgery using either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. RESULTS: At final follow-up, overall functional scores and ROM improved significantly in both groups when compared with preoperative values (p>0.05). The re-tear rates were not significantly different between groups; however, the rotator interval approach group showed a significant increase in ROM compared with that in the subacromial approach group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic coracoplasty conducted concomitantly with subscapularis repair can provide a satisfactory outcome. There were no significant differences between the two approach groups regarding final functional scores and re-tear rates. However, the rotator interval approach group showed a greater increase in ROM at final follow-up, especially in external rotation.
Arthroscopy ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Tears* ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

Isolated heaptic tuberculous granuloma with no coexistent tuberculosis elsewhere in the body is extremely rare. We report a case of pathologically proven tuberculous granuloma in the liver followed with both IV bolus and portal CT scans. The lesion on preenhanced CT scan showed undefinable isodensity. After IV bolus injection, it showed poor enhancement with central low-density and surrounding hyperdenity due to compensatory hypervascularity of the left lobe of liver in early phase. It showed peripheral rim enhancement in late phase and in delayed phase showed relatively homogeneous but slightly decreased contract enhancement. On portal CT scan, it showed a hypodense portal defect similar to other hepatic mass lesions. During follow-up studies, it was a slowly growing mass which was more easily detectable by prtal CT scans than bolus CT scans.
Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma* ; Liver ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lung* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice*

The choice of operative procedures was determined by many factors, but the levator function is considered as the most important factor. Fox recommended that when the levator function was 2 to 9 mm, the patient should be treated by the levator resection and when the levator function was below 2 mm, the patient should be crated by frontalis suspension. But Collin recommended that when the levator function was below 4 mm, the brow suspension procedure got the better result. Beside that, many other authors recommended various opinions. Therefore, when levator function of the patients was between 2 and 4 mm, the choice of operative procedure was much confusing us. The aim of this study is to clarify which is better Procedures between levator resection and the frontalis transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle transfer among the patients with 2 to 4 mm of levator action. From Jan. of 1991 to Dec. of 1994, among 26 patients with 2 to 4 mm levator function, 13 cases of 10 patients were operated by levator resection, 21 cases of 16 patients were teated by frontalis transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle flap. The results were evaluated with the average 27 months of follow-up and we compared the result of the levator resection procedure with that of frontalis muscle transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle transfer. The preoperative average amount of ptosis is about 2.7 mm in cases with levator resection, about 4.0 mm in cases with frontalis muscle transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle flap transfer. The postoperative average amount of ptosis is about 1.7 mm in cases with levator resection about 2.14 mm in cases with frontail muscle transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle flap transfer and so the postoperative improvement of amount of ptosis is about 1.0 mm in cases with levator resection, about 1.86 mm in cases with frontails muscle transfer or orbicularis oculi muscle flap transfer. The major complication of levator resection method is undercorrection. However, the eyelid deformity due to excessive upward traction was more frequent in frontalis muscle flap technique.
Blepharoptosis* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Traction