To evaluate the relationship between arteriolosclerosis and diabetic retinopathy, we graded the levels of diabetic retinopathy and arteriolosclerosis and compared each other in 255 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. And we also measured serum lipid levels and checked other risk fac-tors for diabetic retinopathy. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Patients with advanced arteriolosclerosis were at higher risk of severe diabetic retinopathy. And patients with elevated plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG had more severe levels of diabetic retinopathy than whose lipid levels were normal. These results suggested that advanced arteriolosclerosis and elevated serum lipid levels are associated with severe diabetic retinopathy. For preventing visual threatening complications of diabetic retinopathy, the degree of arteriolosclerosis and serum lipid levels should be carefully monitored in the evaluation of diabetic retinopathy.
Arteriolosclerosis ; Arteriosclerosis* ; Cholesterol ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Plasma

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We investigated the possible inhibitory effect of aspirin during the initiation and post initiating stages on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder carcinogenesis in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Group B re ceived 0.05% BBN in drinking water with 0.5% aspirin in the diet for 12 weeks. Group C received control diet without added chemicals. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. For identification of chemopreventive effect of aspirin, apoptosis was detected by in situ cell death detection method. The apoptotic index (AI) was calculated from the ratio of typical apoptotic cells relative to the total cells from observation of at least 1000 cells in each preneoplastic lesion among the groups. RESULTS: All cases of group A showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia. The incidence of papilloma was 80% in group A. All cases of group B also showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia but the incidence of papilloma was decreased to 20%. The total numbers counted of focal hyperplasia and papilloma lesions were significantly reduced in group B than in group A (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean AI in group A and B sequentially increased in preneoplastic lesions, as compared to that in the normal epithelium of the rat bladder. Significant differences in AI in the lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia between group A and B were noted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The result suggests that aspirin significantly decreases the incidence of precancerous lesions and it can act as a chemopreventive agent for precancerous lesions of urinary bladder.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aspirin* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Diet ; Drinking Water ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by excessive bone loss or osteopenia particulary in the axial skeleton at the site of fracture, such as the spine and proximal femur. Since the strength of both spine and femur is directly proportional to the bone mass, this osteoporosis always increases the risk of fracture. In this study, to evaluate whether a simple measurement of femoral geometry and BMD value are related with hip fracture, we obtained DEXA Scan (Lunar Expert-XL) of hip by retrospective study. DEXA scan was measured on 70 control people and 17 hip fracture patients aged 50 or older. The result is I. The mean Ward BMD value of hip fracture group is significantly lower than control group (Hip fracture group: 0.52g/cm2, Control group: 0.67g/cm2 P=0.0001) 2. The mean L-spine BMD value of hip fracture group is significantly lower than control group (Hip fracture group: 0.81g/cm, Control group: 0.97g/cm2 P=0.0002) 3. The mean femur axis length of hip fracture group is longer than control group (Hip fracture group: 6.77g/cm2, Control group: 6.57g/cm2 P=0.006) As a conclusion, the measurement of BMD and hip axis length in DEXA scan is an effective method for screening the hip fracture risk patient and BMD value of femur, hip axis length and L- spine BMD value are strongly associated with hip fracture.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Femur ; Hip* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skeleton ; Spine

A survey of the literature on the treatment of ruptures of deltoid ligament associated with fracture of distal part of fibula is controversial. Some authors advocated surgical repair of the ruptured deltoid ligament based on the theoretical consideration, while others advocated non-operative treatment based on the clinical consideration. We studied the results in forty-five patients who were treated for disruption of the deltoid ligament and a distal fibular fracture. The length of follow-up in our series was twelve to twenty-four months, with an average of fifteen months. When the fibular fracture was adequately reduced and medial clear space was returned to its normal width, the 91 percents both of patients of being treated with repair of deltoid ligament and patients of being treated without repair had a good or excellent results.
Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Rupture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at acupoints suggested by oriental medicine to be related to the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rest/acupuncture-stimulation Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT using a same-dose subtraction method was performed on 54 normal volunteers (34 males, 20 females, age range from 18 to 62 years) using six paradigms: acupuncture at acupoints GV. 20, GV. 26, LI. 4, ST. 36 and SP. 6. In the control study, needle location was chosen on a non-meridian focus 1 cm posterior to the right fibular head. All images were spatially normalized, and the differences between rest and acupuncture stimulation were statistically analyzed using SPM for Windows . RESULTS: Acupuncture applied at acupoint GV. 20 increased rCBF in both the anterior frontal lobes, the right frontotemporal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at GV. 26 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal cortex. Acupuncture at LI. 4 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal and both the inferior frontal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at ST. 36 increased rCBF in the left anterior temporal lobe, the right inferior frontal lobes, and the left cerebellum. Acupuncture at SP. 6 increased rCBF in the left inferior frontal and anterior temporal lobes. In the control stimulation, no significant rCBF increase was observed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a correlation between stimulation at each acupoint with increase in rCBF to the corresponding brain areas.
Acupuncture Points* ; Acupuncture* ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Needles ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

To investigate the variations of the dorsal root of the first cervical nerve and its anastomosis with the spinal accessory nerve, a total of 74 anatomical dissections has been performed in 37 cases of Korean human fetus. The anastomotic connections between the dorsal roots and the spinal accessory nerve have fitted into five main types. The central course of the sensory fibers of the first cervical nerve and the neurosurgical significance of the variations have been discussed. Often the only pathway for the sensory fibers of the first cervical nerve to reach the spinal cord is through the rootlets of the spinal accessory nerve.
Accessory Nerve ; Fetus ; Humans ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Nerve Roots*

BACKGROUND: Testicular rupture is a surgical emergency which command immediate repair. If surgery is delayed, a hematoma causes severe pain and loss of spermatogenesis as well as hormonal functions. Scrotal ultrasonography has been helpful in early diagnosis of testicular rupture. But disadvantage of ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Also the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity of scrotal ultrasonography was variable in regard to authors. And so, a diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated in scrotal trauma. METHODS: We reviewed 38 patients of scrotal trauma from May, 1994 to March, 1998. 6 patients were treated conservatively following scrotal sonography and 10 patients treated only surgical exploration without ultrasonography. Surgical exploration was performed in 22 case, which were evaluated by ultrasound before surgical treatment. In a such 22 cases, diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated. RESULTS: We compared ultrasound before treatment with surgical exploration finding in a such 22 cases. The ultrasonographic features in 7(31.8%) out of 22 cases, which showed testicular ruptured, but surgical exploration revealed testicular rupture in 5 and epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 1. In 15(68.2%) out of 22 cases the simple hematocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography, but surgical finding feature in of the 7 cases revealed testicular rupture, epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 7. The sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonography are 42.9% and 87.5%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 86.5% and 46.7%, respectively. Ultrasonography is low sensitive in identifying testicular rupture. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Therefore, early surgical exploration for saving the testis should be performed that sonographically by seeing hypoehoic peripheral lesions and disappearance of normal ovoid form of testis, hematocele in scrotal sac.
Contrast Media ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematocele ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Rupture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Peristalsis*

This paper describes the incidence of transport accident for the period, 1955-1965. Transport accidents were classified into three categories, viz. railway(WHO Classification of Diseases, E-802), watercraft(E850-E858) and motor vehicle accidents(E810-E835, E840-E841, E844-E845). Crude data on the subject were collected from the various sources of Government Statistical Books including Statistical Year Books edited by the Central Office of Economic Planning Board, Annual Police Reports by the Ministry of Home Affairs, and the national and local associations for road traffic safety. From the data incidence and mortality rates by year, month and local province were computed and other variables relevant to the epidemiology of accidents were observed. The following summary could be drawn: 1. Death rates due to transport accidents per 100,000 population were 12.3 for 1955 and 9.7 and 1965. The incidence of injury due to the same cause were 34.0 for 1955 and 35.9 for 1965. 2. Death rates by transportation vehicle showed 9.0 due to motor vehicle accidents, 1.7 due to water-crafts, and 1.6 due to railway trains for 1955. In 1965 death rates were 6.0 due to motor vehicles, 1.2 to water-crafts and 2.4 to railway. 3. Seasonal distribution of transport accidents revealed that car accidents occur more frequently in spring and fall seasons while ship accidents do in winter and train accidents more in summer. 4. Both car and ship accidents slightly decreased during the past decade, 1955-1965, whereas the accidents of railway trains showed a tendency of increase. 5. Although the survey on railway accidents excluded the injuries of passengers or railway employees corresponding to WHO classification of diseases, E801, due to inaccuracy of data, it is roughly estimated that the same number of causalities as the incidence among pedestrians or any other than passengers or employees assumed to be at work(E 802).
Classification ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Motor Vehicles ; Police ; Seasons ; Ships ; Transportation