This study was designed to compare the outcomes between my ocardial infarction' participation and not-participation in cardiac rehabilitation, so explain how participation in cardiac rehabilitation can be a worthwhile intervention that facilitates recovery from MI. B furthermore this research is intended to provide the fundamental backgrounds in developing cardiac rehabilitation program that can help to improve the patients' the quality of life. A total of 80 out-patients were selected as subject to data collection from April 1th to May 10 1996. The rehabilitated group, consisting of the 40 out-patients had participated with the non-rehabilitation group of 40 out-patients had received usual care during hospitalization. The tools for this study were state-anxiety scale devised by Spielberger(1976) performance health behavior scale developed by Lee(1992) and quality of life scale producted by McGirr(1990). The data were analyzed by use of chi test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and simple regression using the SPSS program. The study was concluded as follows : 1. Hypothesis 1 : that "the rehabilitation group's anxiety was lower than the non-rehabilitation group's was accepted(t=-2.60, p=0.011). 2. Hypothesis 2 : that "the rehabilitation group's level of performance health behavior was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's" was accepted(t=6.39, p=0.000). 3. Hypothesis 3 : that "the rehabilitation group's quality of life was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's was accepted(t=2.73, p=0.008). 4. The correlations between anxiety, performance health behavior and quality of life. The relationship between anxiety and performance health behavior revealed a significant correlation(r=-.4433, p<.05). And the relationship between anxiety and quality of life revealed a significant correlation(r=-.7679, p<.05), the relationship between performance health behavior and quality of life revealed a significant correlation(r=3934, p<.05). As a result, it was found that the cardiac rehabilitation groups' anxiety was lower than the non-rehabilitation group's, the rehabilitation group' level of performance health behavior was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's. And the rehabilitation group's quality of life was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's. Therefore this study explained how participation in cardiac rehabilitation can be a worthwhile intervention that facilitates recovery from MI.
Anxiety ; Data Collection ; Health Behavior ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Outpatients ; Performance Anxiety ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome(NMS) is an uncommon but potentially fatal idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptics, characterized by muscular rigidity, fever, autonomic dysfunction, and altered consciousness. The major theories to explain NMS is central dopaminergic blockade, but it is unclear. Risperidone is a new antipsychotic drug, a benzisoxazole derivative that blocks dopamine D2 receptor and serotonin type 2 receptor. The comparatively greater serotonin-blocking activity is believed to give risperidone the specific property of not causing any more extrapyramidal side effects than conventional antipsychotics at the optimal dose of 4-8mg/day. It is postulated that risperidone is unlikely to cause NMS. Here, we report a case of risperidone induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Consciousness ; Fever ; Muscle Rigidity ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Risperidone ; Serotonin

PURPOSE: To report a case in which radiotherapy damaged the microvasculatures of the retinal vessels and developed cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrage as well as rubeosis iridis and intractable neovascular glaucoma. METHODS: A 64-year-old female presented with visual loss in her left eye two years after radiotherapy for malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. The visual acuity of her left eye was counting fingers. Although any specific signs were not shown in the cornea or lens, multiple cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrhages were noted around the optic disc. RESULTS: Multiple cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrhages disappeared gradually. Finally, rubeosis iridis and intractable neovascular glaucoma developed which could not be controlled by panretinal photocoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy for malignancy of the nasal cavity was associated with intractable neovascular glaucoma.
Cornea ; Female ; Fingers ; Glaucoma, Neovascular* ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Melanoma ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Radiotherapy ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Endarteritis ; Pulmonary Embolism

OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in the incidence and pattern of eclampsia in Il Sin Christian Hospital over a 46-year period. METHODS: Information was collected from medical records of the 1910 eclamptic patients among 233,613 deliveries in Il Sin Christian Hospital from Jan. 1 1953 to Dec. 31 1998. Incidence, presentation, and management of eclampsia were reviewed retrospectively, and maternal mortality rate and perinatal mortality rate were calculated. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-squared and Fisher's exact test through two by two tables looking at relative changes between each study period. RESULTS: The overall incidence of eclampsia was 81.8 per 10,000 deliveries. The incidence of eclampsia had increased from 137.3/10,000 in 1953-1962 to 278.4/10,000 in 1963-1972, but the rate had reduced to 6.5/10,000 in 1993-1998. There was a statistically significant fall in the rate of eclampsia every decade between 1973 and 1992, but there has been steady decrease in the last study period. Convulsion occurred antepartum in 54% of patients, intrapartum in 29% and postpartum in 17%. With the reduction in the proportion of antepartum eclampsia, there has been a relative increase in that of intrapartum and postpartum eclampsia. Maternal death occurred in 59 cases among eclampsia, and maternal mortality rate was 3.1%. Maternal mortality rate had significantly decresed from 11.1% in 1953-1962 to 3.8% in 1963-1972, and there has been no maternal death from eclampsia since 1986. Postpartum eclampsia had increased death risk compared with antepartum or intrapartum eclampsia. There were 280 cases of perinatal death and overall perinatal mortality rate was 144.1 per 1000 deliveries. There was a significant decrease in the rate from 243.2/1000 in 1953-1962 to 141.5/1000 in 1963-1972, but the rate has risen steadily since 1983. CONCLUSIONS: With the improvement in antenatal care and management of eclampsia, the incidence of eclampsia and its associated maternal mortality has decreased over the last 46 years. But eclampsia still remains a significant complication of pregnancy with high maternal and perinatal mortality.
Eclampsia* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maternal Death ; Maternal Mortality ; Medical Records ; Perinatal Mortality ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

Background: This study examined the relationship between the pleural adenosine deaminase (ADA) level and the patterns of pleural enhancement in patients with a tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) shown on a CT scan. Methods: The charts and CT findings of 44 patients with TPE from February 2002 to October 2006 were reviesed retrospectively. A diagnosis of TPE was made by the pleural ADA level with a follow-up (24/44), sputum smear or culture of sputum (16/44), pleural fluid culture (3/44) or pleural biopsy (1/44). The patients were divided into two groups according to the ADA level(Group I [n=12]: 40-70, Group II [n=32]: >70 U/L). The presence or absence, maximal thickness and patterns of pleural enhancement were analyzed. The pattern of pleural enhancement was classified into diffuse or focal, smooth or irregular and interrupted or continuous. The difference in CT findings between groups I and group II were analyzed using an unpaired T test, Chi-square test and Z test. Results: All 44 patients showed diffuse pleural enhancement on the CT scans. The maximal pleural thickness of groups I and II was 1.83 +/- 1.03 mm (1-4 mm) and 3.63 +/- 1.78 mm (1-8 mm), respectively (p =0.0002). Pleural thickening > or = 5 mm was only demonstrated in 31.3% of patients in group II (10/32). Diffuse interrupted pleural thickening was noted in 91.7% (11/12) of patients in group I and 62.5% (20/32) in group II, respectively. Diffuse continuous pleural thickening was observed in 8.3% (1/12) of patients in group I and 37.5% (12/32) in group II, respectively (p=0.0748). Conclusion: Pleural thickening > or = 5 mm on the contrast enhanced CT is rare in patients with lymphocyte-dominant TPE in whom the pleural ADA level is between 40-70 U/L.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed* ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, on the basis of CT findings, of high dose methyl prednisolone for treating acute lung injury that was induced by oleic acid injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 healthy rabbits (1.8-2.2 kg) were included in this study. Group I included 10 rabbits in which 0.2 mL oleic acid was injected through their ear veins. Group IIa included 10 rabbits in which 30 mg/kg methyl prednisolone and 0.2 mL oleic acid were intravenously injected at the same time. Group IIb included 5 rabbits in which 30 mg/kg methyl prednisolone was injected 6 hours prior to the 0.2 mL oleic acid intravenous injection. The other 5 rabbits (Group III) were injected intravenously with 30 mg/kg methyl prednisolone without the oleic acid. After that, 30 mg/kg methyl prednisolone per every 12 hours was injected in the non-sacrificed rabbits of Group II and Group III. Nonenhanced Chest CT scans were performed prior to and 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after the intravenous injection of oleic acid or methyl prednisolone. We randomly sacrificed one rabbit of groups I, II and III 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after CT scanning. The distribution, extent, and pattern of the lesions on the CT scan were analyzed. The analyzed pattern of the lesions was ground glass attenuation, consolidation and interstitial thickening. Pathologic correlation was then done. RESULTS: The main CT findings of Group I were peripheral, wedge shaped, ill-defined ground glass attenuations and/or consolidations. The pathologic findings of Group I were interstitial or intraalveolar edema, intraalveolar hemorrhage and coagulation necrosis. Diffuse ground glass opacities with interstitial thickening were noted in 20% (n=2/10) of Group I and in 60% (n=9/15) of Group II at the 30 minute CT; however, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.09). Consolidations with air bronchogram were noted in 22.2% (2/9) of Group I and in 38.5% (5/13) of Group II at the 4 hour CT. The main pathologic findings of consolidations were intraalveolar hemorrhage and coagulation necrosis. There was no statistical difference in the extent of the lesions between Group I and Group II (p=0.20, 0.14, 0.59 and 0.46 at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively). The CT findings of Group IIa and Group IIb were not significantly difference. The CT findings of Group III were normal in all 5 rabbits. CONCLUSION: Because there was no significant difference for the extent of lung injury induced by oleic acid between the group treated with high dose methyl prednisolone and non-treated group on CT scans, high dose steroid therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fat embolism may not be effective in the acute stage.
Acute Lung Injury ; Ear ; Edema ; Embolism, Fat ; Glass ; Hemorrhage ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung Injury* ; Lung* ; Necrosis ; Oleic Acid ; Prednisolone ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Steroids* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veins

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a radiometric analysis of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas is useful in the differential diagnosis. In this experiment, twenty-nine periapical radiographs of the radicular cyst and those periapical granuloma were used. The periapical radiography was taken by intraoral paralleling device. The X-ray film was digitized and digitally filtered to reduce film-grain noise. We estimated density difference of the inner/outer area, roundness or circularity, bone profile or scan line of the margin and cumulative percentage frequency curve of radicular cyst & periapical granuloma. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. The differences in density between ROIs of inner and outer area of radicular cysts were smaller than those of periapical granulomas. 2. The equivalent circular diameter was over 6.3mm, there was significant difference between periapical cyst and periapical granuloma. 3. In differential diagnosis of radicular cyst and periapical granuloma using bone profile, sensitivity, spicificity and accuracy were considerably high(0.83, 0.86, 0.86) respectively. 4. Cumulative percentage frequency curve of the radicular cyst was closer to the pseudo-pixel value of 50 than average curve, whereas periapical granuloma was closer to that of 0. Hence we conclude that digital radiometric features might be useful in the differential diagnosis between radicular cyst and periapical granuloma.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Noise ; Periapical Granuloma* ; Radicular Cyst* ; Radiography ; X-Ray Film

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated which CT findings could be used to predict the negative results of a sputum smear in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and multiple cavities. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and multiple cavities on CT were classified into 2 groups: smear-positive (n = 30) and -negative (n = 8). The CT findings were reviewed retrospectively. The maximum internal diameter of the largest cavity, the number of the cavities and lobes with cavities, and the characteristics of the associated findings such as consolidation, ground glass opacity, micronodules and nodule were accessed. The number of cavities above 20 mm in the maximum internal diameter and a necrotizing pneumonia-like pattern were also evaluated. RESULT: The maximum internal diameter and number of cavities was 32.23 +/- 17.66 mm and 15.50 +/- 11.12 mm (p = 0.0042), and 5.53 +/- 3.17 and 2.43 +/- 1.13 (p = 0.0002) in the smear-positive and -negative group, respectively. Three or more cavities were observed at 76.7% and 12.5% in the smear-positive and -negative group, respectively (p < 0.005). There were 2.00 +/- 1.34 and 0.25 +/- 0.46 (p = 0.001), and 1.5 +/- 1.50 and 0.38 +/- 0.52 (p =0.0016) lobes with consolidation and ground glass opacity in the smear-positive and -negative group, respectively. A necrotizing pneumonia-like pattern was observed in 43.3% of the smear-positive group only. The other findings were similar in both two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the presence of at least a finding of consolidation, more than 3 cavities or the largest cavity > 20 mm in the maximum internal diameter were 100%, 62.5%, 90.9%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two cavities 20 mm or less in the maximum internal diameter without consolidation on CT might be associated with a negative result of the sputum smear in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and multiple cavities.
Glass ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*