No abstract available.
Animals ; Astrocytes* ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-12* ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Interleukin-2* ; Interleukin-6* ; Melanoma* ; Mice* ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

This study evaluated the effect of dagassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application : no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens : The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. in degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.
Alloys* ; Ceramics* ; Dental Porcelain ; Vacuum

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is inherited disorder of adrenal steroidogenesis. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most commone enzymatic defect and is divided into classic and late-onset or nonclassic forms. Both classic non-classic 21-hydrozylase deficiencies are inherited in a recessive manner as allelic variants. But it is rare that happened in twin infants. Chief complaints of affected twins in our case were ambiguous genitalia, hyperpigmentation and dehydrations. They were revealed into hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and increased amount of serum progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion and were administered with DOCA, 9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone, hydrocortisone to control the electrolyte imbalance. And now, both of them are going to normal ratio of weight gain and body growth.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperkalemia ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyponatremia ; Infant ; Progesterone ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase* ; Twins* ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Plasma Cell* ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma*

Diabetes is a rapidly increasing heath care problem all over the world due to increased prevalence during past decade. Diabetic nephropathy develops in 25-30% of patients with type 1 diabetes and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent proteinuria, decline in renal function, hypertension and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy risk is an important goal because early diagnosis and treatment prevent advanced renal damage and other diabetic complications. Increased urinary albumin excretion rate is widely accepted as the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy. However, reduced glomerular filtration or hypertension could be the first manifestation in some diabetic patients. We need improved markers and predictors of diabetic nephropathy risk. We report a case of diabetic nephropathy and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without microalbuminuria occcured in type 1 diabetic patient.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Early Diagnosis ; Filtration ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria

No abstract available.
Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital*

PURPOSE: Foreign bodies in the airway of infant and children require prompt diagnosis and removal. To evaluate the pattern of clinical characteristics and disease course, we reviewed and analyzed a 6-year experience with pediatric airway foreign bodies in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric foreign body aspiration managed by pediatric and otorhinolaryngologic departments of Ajou University Hospital from November 1994 to October 2000. Nineteen cases of aspiration were collected and we analyzed their age, sex, symptoms, duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, initial simple radiographic findings, matierials of aspirations, anatomic location of foreign body, length of hospital day, and complications. RESULTS: The mean age was 2.7 years and male-to-female ratio of 1.8 : 1. In 11 cases, choking episode was identified by parents or patients. The correct diagnosis was made within first 24 hours of aspiration in 4 patients; while in 15 cases, the proper diagnosis was done after 24 hours. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (73.6%) and decreased breath sounds (57.9%) and the most common initial finding of simple radiographs was emphysema, presented in 68.4% of patients. Vegetable substances, particularly peanuts were the most common material of identified foreign body. Nine foreign bodies were in the right bronchus, 8 in the left bronchus and 2 in the subglottic area. The mean duration of admissions were 3.75 days in pateints who were diagnosed within 24 hours, however, 8.61 days in those with a delayed diagnosis (P=0.012). CONCLUSION: Taken together, the majority of accidental foreign body aspiration in airway was found under 3-year of age. Pediatricians and parents should be conscious to check for history of foreign body aspiration who have suspicious clinical features of aspiration, for early diagnosis and proper management without complications and long term morbidity.
Airway Obstruction ; Arachis ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Bronchi ; Child* ; Cough ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emphysema ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate how medical students' achievement goal orientations towards anatomy class influence perceived affect towards anatomy learning. METHODS: Participants were 124 medical students. Students' self-report measures were used for the assessment of their achievement goal orientations, perceived value, interests, effort, tension, test anxiety, and negative dissection experiences. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used for the data analyses. RESULTS: Students with high levels of mastery-approach goals displayed high interests, values, and efforts while they showed low levels of tension, test anxiety, and negative dissection experiences. In contrast, students with high mastery- and performance-avoidance goals showed high levels of tension and/or test anxiety. Students' performance-approach goals are positively associated with both high effort and high negative dissection experiences. CONCLUSION: These findings offer theoretical and practical implications for anatomy teaching and learning by suggesting that students' learning experiences vary in terms of students' achievement goal orientations which may make differences in students' psychological experiences in a class.
Achievement ; Anxiety ; Humans ; Learning ; Orientation ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, lesion sites and characteristics of MR findings in patients with mild head injury and the relationship between MR findings and the postconcussion syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study involved 26 patients with mild head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale, 13 to 15 ; no subsequent deterioration ; loss ofconsciousness < 30 minutes). Prospective CT and MR Imaging was performed and the prevalence rate of abnormalities, sites and characteristics of lesions were evaluated, as well as the relationship between MR findings and the postconcussion syndrome. RESULTS: In 17 of 26 patients(65%) there were abnormal findings on MR, and in 8 of the 26(31%), abnormal findings were seen on CT. Abnormalities consisted of cerebral contusion in nine patients, diffuse axonal injury in six and small thin extracerebral hematomas in nine. MR is more sensitive than CT, especially when the lesion is non-hemorrhagic and is closer to the cranial vault. In 16 patients who wereclinically followed up, the prevalence rate of postconcussion syndrome was higher in those with abnormal MR than in those with normal MRI. CONCLUSION: The greater sensitivity of MR makes it a better indicator than CT for the presence and extent of injuries and thus potentially a better predictor of outcome, even in patients with mildhead injuries. Positive MR findings are an objective predictors for the evaluation of patients with postconcussion syndrome after mild head injury.
Axons ; Coma ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of incidental paranasal sinus (PNS) opacification in nasal septal deviation (NSD) using computed tomography (CT) and to identify contributing factors.Subjects and Method: We analyzed 216 patients who underwent septoplasty for the correction of NSD and who underwent preoperative PNS CT. We assessed the prevalence of incidental PNS opacification in these patients and determined the type of NSD according to Mladina classification. We also evaluated whether the direction of NSD affected the presence of PNS opacification on CT, and whether the presence of PNS opacification was associated with other rhinologic symptoms. Results: Of 216 patients with NSD, 86 showed opacified PNS on CT. According to Mladina classification, NSD patients were classified as type I (24.1%), type II (36.1%), type III (20.8%), type IV (5.6%), type V (9.7%), type VI (2.3%), or type VII (1.4%). Patients with type II NSD showed a significantly higher incidence of PNS opacification compared with other types of NSD (p=0.001). However, the direction of NSD did not significantly influence the presence of incidental PNS opacification. Furthermore, regardless of the presence of PNS opacification, there was no significant difference in rhinologic symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction, among others. Conclusion We found that incidental PNS opacification on CT was common in NSD patients, especially in patients with type II NSD. Thus, we suggest that CT evaluation of patients with NSD may be helpful for assessing comorbid PNS pathologies as well as objectively identifying nasal septal deformities.