Although spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a frequent complication in the childhood nephrotic syndrome, it is very rare in adults with nephrotic syndrome. It frequently develops when the patients are either in relapse or receiving steroid therapy at the time peritonitis is diagnosed. We report an unusual case of a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis as the presenting feature in a 15-year-old male patient with nephrotic syndrome. He presented with diffuse abdominal pain and distension for 15 days. Abdominal paracentesis revealed the diagnostic laboratory findings of peritonitis, and the bacterial culture of the ascites showed a mixed growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruzinosa. His serum albu- min level was 1.6gldL and the amount of 24 hours proteinuria was 21.0g/day. Although he was treated with adequate antibiotics for 3 weeks, the peritonitis was more aggravated. We decided to insert a catheter into the peritoneal cavity for continuous drainage of the intractable ascites. Two weeks after drainage, the peritonitis improved as the peritonitis subsided, the proteinuria disappeared completely without a steroid therapy. Six months after spontaneous remission, the proteinuria have recurred, and the kidney biopsy then showed focal segmental glomerulorsclerosis.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ascites ; Biopsy ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Paracentesis ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritonitis* ; Proteinuria ; Pseudomonas ; Recurrence ; Remission, Spontaneous

The incidence of traumatic rupture of the tracheobronchial tree has been increased considerably with advent of widespread mechanization and high speed era. Rupture of the bronchus is an unusual result of nonpenetrating trauma to chest. Early diagnosis and primary repair not only restore normal lung function but also avoid difficulties and complications associated with delayed diagnosis and repair. These complications are pneumonia, atelectasis and lung abscess secondary to the bronchial obtruction. We experienced a case of partial rupture on left main bronchus caused by nonpenetrating blunt chest trauma with rib fractures 1 year ago. He was suffered from progressively developing dyspnea on exercise and treated as bronchial asthma at other hospital. Bronchoscopic finding was the narrowed lumen of left main bronchus at 1cm from carina by web-like membrane. We confirmed by bronchogram and repaired by end to end anastomosis, which is rare delayed finding in bronchial rupture without pulmonary complications. We report a case of nonpenetrating traumatic bronchial rupture, manifested by bronchial web in bronchoscopy.
Asthma ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Early Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Abscess ; Membranes ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Rib Fractures ; Rupture* ; Thorax* ; Trees

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify changes in smart device usage trends of young children using two studies conducted in 2015-2016 and 2017 respectively. METHODS: We compared the data of the previous study of 130 children (Group A) and the new study of 162 children (Group B). The children and parents were recruited from kindergartens in Seoul and Guri/Namyangju cities. We used the “Parental questionnaire for smart device usage status.” RESULTS: There were some changes in the smart device usage in young children and parental perception. In the 2017 study, smart device usage time increased during weekends (P < 0.05) and the usage with siblings decreased (P < 0.05). In 2017, the smart device was mostly used when children had to be quiet without disturbing others (36.8%). No significant difference existed in the main purpose of use: watching video clips (79.3% vs 76.6%). Overall control of the usage was still largely exercised by mothers; however, when using applications, mothers still only helped the children on request (51.8% vs 49.7%). Regarding the effect of smart device on children, responses of “not knowing” decreased and “will be negative” and “will be positive” increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, most mothers thought that “Although the smart device is currently unnecessary, it will be needed in future” in 2017 (46.3%). CONCLUSION: Limiting the smart device usage time during the weekends and increasing parental involvements are recommended. Guidelines for smart devices usage in young children are also necessary considering the changes in parental attitudes in recognizing the smart device usage as unavoidable.
Child ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Seoul ; Siblings ; Smartphone

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the smart devices usage-related factors and self-regulation ability development in early childhood. METHODS: Parental questionnaires of 187 children aged 3–6 years were analyzed. The metrics included smart device usage frequency (times/week, scored as uFreq), smart device usage time (hours/day, scored as uTime), parental scale for appropriate smart device usage level (scored as uLevel), the Korean-developmental screening test (K-DST), and the scale for self-regulation ability in young children (scored as SRS, and including four sub-categories: self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior inhibition, and emotionality). The correlations were analyzed by total age group and by each age. RESULTS: In the total age group analysis, uFreq and uTime were negatively correlated with mean SRS (rs =−0.366, −0.330; P < 0.001) and sub-category SRS (rs =−0.186 to −0.370; P < 0.05). Mean uLevel score was positively correlated with mean SRS (rs =0.406; P < 0.001) and most of the mean sub-category SRS (rs =0.174 to 0.362; P < 0.05). In 3-year-old children, the mean SRS was strongly negatively correlated with uFreq (rs =−0.751; P < 0.001), negatively correlated with uTime (rs =−0.518; P < 0.001), and positively correlated with mean uLevel score (rs =0.533; P=0.013). Such correlations seemed to decrease at the age of 4–6 years. CONCLUSION: Self-regulation ability was significantly correlated with smart device-related factors and was the highest in the 3-year-old children. Encouraging appropriate smart device usage will be helpful for self-regulation development of young children.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Self-Control* ; Smartphone

To develop a novel therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, angiogenin (ANG1) was examined as a potential therapeutic gene. An adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery system was used to measure the therapeutic efficacy of ANG1. Using a triple co-transfection technique, rAAV-ANG1-GFP, rAAV- VEGF-GFP and rAAV-GFP vectors were produced, which were then used to infect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in order to evaluate in vitro angiogenic activities. Their protein expressions, tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), were monitored by confocal microscopy. The functional activities were measured using wound-healing HUVEC migration assays. The number of migrated cells stimulated by both the expressed ANG1 and the VEGF in rAAV-infected HUVECs increased almost twice the number observed in the expressed GFP control. In vivo angiogenic activities of the expressed ANG1 or VEGF were determined using mouse angiogenesis assays. The angiogenic activities of ANG1 or VEGF expressed in the injected mice were increased by 1.36 and 2.16 times, respectively, compared to those of the expressed GFP control. These results demonstrate that the expressed ANG1 derived from rAAV infection has in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activities and suggest that the rAAV-ANG1 vector is a potential strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Umbilical Veins/cytology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis

Hippo/YAP signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. By inhibiting a plethora signaling cascades, resveratrol has strong anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that resveratrol decreases the expression of YAP target genes. In addition, our data showed that resveratrol attenuates breast cancer cell invasion through the activation of Lats1 and consequent inactivation of YAP. Strikingly, we also demonstrate that resveratrol inactivates RhoA, leading to the activation of Lats1 and induction of YAP phosphorylation. Further, resveratrol in combination with other agents that inactivate RhoA or YAP showed more marked suppression of breast cancer cell invasion compared with single treatment. Collectively, these findings indicate the beneficial effects of resveratrol on breast cancer patients by suppressing the RhoA/Lats1/YAP signaling axis and subsequently inhibiting breast cancer cell invasion.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Phosphorylation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage on alleviating pain caused by the injection of recombinant gonadotropin for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) among infertile women. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total sample of 149 infertile women who never experienced in vitro fertilization was recruited at C fertility center. Seventy women were assigned into experimental group and 79 into controls. The experimental group had been informed to do abdominal massage prior to the injection and to record their subjective pain using visual analogue scale. The control group had been informed to record their subjective pain in the same way just after the injection. RESULTS: Compared to the pre-tested pain scores, the pain scores in experimental group were significantly reduced by 0.7 points, whereas the control group increased by 0.9 points (t=-4.55, p=.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the use of abdominal massage prior to the injection is an effective way to alleviate pain on injection site. This massage may be a useful intervention for infertile women about pain alleviation.
Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Massage*

PURPOSE: To identify causative agents of the drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) by using the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KIDS-KAERS) database (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) in Korea and to check their labeling information regarding anaphylaxis.METHODS: Among Individual Case Safety Reports from January, 2008 to December 2017, cases of DIA were analyzed for demographics, causative agents and fatal cases resulting in death. The domestic drug labeling, Micromedex and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug package insert, were reviewed to check if the labeling information on suspected causative agents contains anaphylaxis.RESULTS: A total of 4,700 cases of DIA were analyzed. The mean age was 49.85±18.32 years, and 2,642 patients (56.2%) were females. Among 8,664 drugs reported as causative agents, antibiotics (27.4%) accounted for the largest portion. There were 18 fatal cases: antibiotics (7 cases), antineoplastic agents (4 cases) were the major causative drugs for the mortality cases. Of 513 drugs reported as suspected causative agents, 103 (20.1%) did not list anaphylaxis as an adverse effect on domestic drug labeling and 16 (3.1%) did not reflect anaphylaxis in any of 3 adverse drug information.CONCLUSION: Analysis of 10-year data showed that antibiotics were the main cause of DIA and the mortality rate was 0.7%. In 3.1% of suspected drugs, there was no description of anaphylaxis in any of the drug labeling.
Anaphylaxis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Demography ; Drug Labeling ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Pharmacovigilance ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Background/Aims: Despite proper use of pharmaceuticals, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to problems related to patient safety. We analyzed the characteristics of ADRs, particularly serious adverse events (SAEs), in a single tertiary medical institution. Methods: Spontaneous ADR report data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital were assessed. Causality was evaluated according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. Age, sex, onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class (SOC) of ADRs and SAEs were analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 49,955 individual case safety reports were assessed as possible, probable, or certain. Although the number of gastrointestinal ADR reports was high (25.9%), severe cases were uncommon (2.6%). By contrast, the number of hematologic disorders was low (6.6%) but 39.2% of them were severe. Among ADRs, 10.2% were assessed as SAEs, the proportion of which was high at extreme ages and in males. Body as a whole-general disorders were the most frequently reported SOC for SAEs, followed by skin and appendage disorders. Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics were the most common causative agents of SAEs and ADRs. Anaphylactic reaction was the most frequent SAE (6.5%). Conclusions The proportion of SAE differs according to SOC and drug. Attention should be paid to SAEs in children and older adults because the rate of SAEs is significantly higher at extreme ages.