The trichofolliculoma is a rare tumor of the hair follicle occuring most often on the head and neck. We have experienced a case of 24-year-old female who had a small, dome-shaped, tan brown firm nodule on the nose. Under the clinical impression of a granuloma, an excisional biopsy of the nodule was done. Microscopically the lesion was composed of a large central cystic hair follicle with many srhall but well differenciated secondary hair follicles branching from the wall. Well developed secondary hair follicles were often grouped and were surrounded by a prominent stroma.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Anemia, Megaloblastic* ; Humans ; Megaloblasts* ; Methotrexate*

This study was carried out to investigate foodservice management practices of 100 child care centers nationwide, and to provide background information for developing foodservice management policies at child care centers. Approximately 20% of the child care centers had a separate dining room; most of the centers were vulnerable to sanitation or safety problems. The percentage of the centers that planned menus was about 60% and 10% established standardized recipes. Fourteen percent of the centers kept records for distribution and menu evaluation and 33% kept sanitation management records. Since only 7% of the centers employed a dietitian, foodservice in most centers were not managed by professionals. The results of menu assessment revealed that 56.5% of the national/public child care centers received 19 points or higher out of 21 points, whereas 5.6% of the private child care centers received the same scores. Proper usage and storage of raw food, sanitary management of equipment and facilities, waste management/leftover food treatment, and basic facility of cooking zones were performed well by many centers. The overall scores of foodservice performance were only 31.2 out of 60 points, representing relatively poor safety management, food procurement management, and facilities and equipment management. These results indicate that the foodservice management of the child care centers are in a relatively poor state. Since nutrition management of the most centers was performed by non-professionals, it may not be possible to provide proper nutrition for health and normal growth of preschool children and to perform efficient nutrition education programs. The following suggestions are strongly recommended in order to improve foodservice performance at child care centers. First, foodservice administration should be performed by a dietitian, and second, efforts should be focused on strengthening nutrition and sanitation management.
Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Cooking ; Education ; Humans ; Nutritionists ; Safety Management ; Sanitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristic MR findings of childhood metachromatic leukodystrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five female patients (10--29 months old;mean age, 21.8 months) of biochemically confirmed metachromatic leukodystrophy were included in this study. We evaluated the extent of white matter degeneration, which was shown as high signal intensity on T2-weighted image, and the presence or absence of the enhancement. Result.' All 5 cases showed high signal intensity in periventricular deep white matter and centrum semiovale which were bilateral, symmetric and confluent. Posterior predominace, sparing of subcortical U fibers and immediate periventricular white matter, and the involvement of splenium of corpus callosum were also noted in all cases. There were other manifestations, such as 'tigroid pattern' in centrum semiovale (n=4), the involvement of genu of corpus callosum(n=4), posterior limb of internal capsule(n=4), descending pyramidal tracts (n=3), deep cerebellar white matter(n=1), claustrum(n=2), and diffuse brain atrophy(n=1). In three cases with Gd-infusion, contrast enhancement of the lesion was not seen. CONCLUSION: In childhood metachromatic leukodystrophy, MRI can clearly demonstrate the chracteristic extent of the white matter lesion and other associated findings, facilitating the differential diagnosis from other similar leukodystrophies.
Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pyramidal Tracts

Background: This study aimed to examine international students’ perceptions, characteristics, use of public medical services, and satisfaction with the National Health Insurance System, and compared the results with the Health Insurance System Perception Survey conducted on Korean population to understand the differences between the two groups’ perceptions of the health insurance system and their use of medical services. Methods: A survey was conducted from May 23, 2022 to June 21, 2022 to measure various data of international students related to the National Health Insurance System and analyzed the results. Results: Most international students were in their 20s (the average age was 23±2.06 years), which showed that they were less likely to use medical services compared to Korean population in their 20s. Both Korean population and international students viewed their subjective health as generally good. Regarding the perceptions of the National Health Insurance System, 75.6% of the Korean population responded positively, while only 16% of international students responded positively. The biggest reason for the negative responses was the higher contributions compared to private health insurance, showing that financial hardship played a large role in the negative perceptions. The insurance contribution calculation methods by the Government showed differences.International students receive the same insurance contributions regardless of their nationality, age, income, or assets. Conclusions Through this study, it has been confirmed that further research and examination are needed regarding the application of Korean health insurance to foreign residents and the appropriate calculation of insurance contributions.

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the vulva. Since it was described in 1992 by Fletcher, 15 cases have been reported in literature. We recently experienced a recurred angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva. A 45-year-old woman was presented initially in 1991 with a mass of labium major and local excision of tumor mass had been performed. A histologic diagnosis was made of angiomyxoma, but this diagnosis was revised to angiomyofibroblastoma by the authors. The recurred mass was well circumscribed, measuring 2.5x1.6x1.5cm in dimensions. Microscopically the tumor was characterized by high cellularity, numerous blood vessels(which lack prominent hyalinization), and plump stromal cells. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were reactive for vimentin and desmin, but not alpha-smooth muscle actin, or S-100 protein. We thought that this case was a recurred angiomyofibrblastoma of the vulva due to incomplete surgical excision.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether triage for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) from the updated American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology cervical cancer screening guidelines is applicable in Korean women. METHODS: We investigated women with ASC-US or LSIL including referred from local hospitals visited for cervical cancer screening at Korea University Guro Hospital from February 2004 to December 2014. Detailed information on the results of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA tests, and cervical biopsies were collected through chart review. Cervical biopsy results were compared in eligible women according to individual Pap smear findings and HPV DNA status. RESULTS: Of 216,723 possible cases, 3,196 were included. There were 212 (6.6%) women with ASC-US and 500 (15.6%) with LSIL. The risk of ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 was significantly higher in women who were ASC-US/HPV+ than ASC-US/HPV- and LSIL/HPV+ than LSIL/HPV- (93.3% vs. 6.7% and 96.7% vs. 3.3%, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The risk of ≥CIN 3 was also significantly higher in women who were ASC-US/HPV+ than ASC-US/HPV- and LSIL/HPV+ than LSIL/HPV- (97.0% vs. 3.0% and 93.0% vs. 7.0%, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Age-stratified analysis revealed that more CIN 2 or CIN 3 was diagnosed in women aged 30 to 70 with ASC-US or LSIL when HPV DNA was present. CONCLUSION: Observation with Pap and HPV DNA tests rather than immediate colposcopy is a reasonable strategy for ASC-US or LSIL when the HPV DNA test is negative, especially in women aged 30 to 70. Reflection of these results should be considered in future Korean screening guidelines.
Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix* ; Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Colposcopy* ; DNA ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papillomaviridae ; Pathology* ; Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix* ; Triage* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: Sexual dysfunction is said to affect the compliance of drug and quality of life. This study is a research to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and affecting factors that can occur when schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients have taken drugs. METHODS: Subjects were 300 patients who have been taken inpatient or outpatient treatment in national seoul hospital. We used UKU-S, ASEX scale for evaluating the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and CGI-S, PANSS negative scale and CES-D for investigating the influence of psychopathology and depressive symptoms on sexual dysfunction. RESULTS: It was reported sexual dysfunction 82.7% in male and 92.2% in female with 7 items of UKU-S. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction with criteria of ASEX was 47.72% in male and 65.05% in female. Sexual dysfunction was more prevalent in patients taking prolactin-elevation drugs. In the factor analysis for the sexual dysfunction it was investigated that age, onset time, CGI-S, PANSS negative scale, and CES-D can affect the sexual dysfunction in both male and female. CONCLUSION: This study reported that many patients complained of sexual dysfunction. On considering the influence of sexual dysfunction to compliance and quality of life, clinicians evaluate sexual side effects more actively because patients are more likely not spontaneously tell the sexual side effects in comparison to others.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Compliance ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Outpatients ; Prevalence* ; Psychopathology ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Uterine Prolapse*