PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the predictors of maternal confidence between primipara and multipara mothers. METHODS: The participants enrolled in this study were 145 mothers between 2 and 5 days postpartum. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, chi2 test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The predictors of maternal confidence among primipara mothers were social support, self-esteem, mode of delivery (R2=.287, p<.001). Whereas, gender of baby, antenatal fetal attachment, and educational status explained maternal confidence among multipara mothers (R2=.270, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that when nurses develop programs to encourage maternal confidence for new mothers, they should take into account the differences between predictors of maternal confidence according to the mothers' experience of birth.
Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Maternal-Fetal Relations ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was a secondary data analysis aimed at identifying the predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the home-dwelling disabled person by using EQ-5D which is a standardized instrument used as a measure of health outcome. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 3rd Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Subjects were 1,021 home-dwelling disabled persons over 19 years of age. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) is differentiated within age, genders, educational level, employment status, economic status, types and grades of disability, health problems associated with limited mobility, and the limited duration of time. HRQoL is correlated with age, number of cohabiters, educational level, grades of disability, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL). HRQoL is significantly associated with ADL, health problems in connection with limited mobility, employment status, types of disability, marital status, grades of disability, and the limited duration of time. These factors explained 63.7% of variance in HRQoL. CONCLUSION: HRQoL among the disabled is related to their characteristics, ADL, and IADL. For this reason, it is necessary to develop health programs to promote those variables required to improve HRQoL.
Activities of Daily Living ; Disabled Persons ; Employment ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life ; Statistics as Topic

Metoclopramide is prokinetic drug that inhibits dopamine receptors, and it is commonly used in emergency rooms because of its anti-emetic effect. A 71-year-old man visited the hospital with upper abdominal pain and nausea, but agitation and cold sweating were observed after 5 minutes of metoclopramide injection. The vital signs were blood pressure: 120/70 mmHg, heart rate: 170/minute, respiration: 23 breaths/minute, and temperature: 37.5。C, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ventricular tachycardia. One hour after the injection of amiodarone, normal sinus rhythm was shown on the ECG and the vital signs were stable. Metoclopramide is known to be relatively safe, but rarely causes serious cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, emergency physicians should be aware that metoclopramide can cause serious side effects.

BACKGROUND: Due to rapid economic growth and the development of medical science, the human life span is increasing nowadays. Due to this, old-aged people are increasing in number. However, the physiologic reserve power of old-aged people is lower than that of younger people. Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful about peri-operative care when doing surgery on old-aged people under general or spinal anesthesia. METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of 460 patients over 65 years of age who had undergone operations from August 1990 to July 1996 at the Department of General Surgery, Inchon Medical Center. RESULTS: (1) The ratio of geriatric surgical patients to all surgical patients during the same period was 14.7% (460/3122). Especially, the proportion of geriatric surgical patients increased to 17.0% during the last 2 years of this study compared to 16.2% for the previous 2 years, and 10.6% for the first 2 years. (2) The age distribution was 148 patients from 65 to 69 years (32.2%), 158 patients from 70 to 74 years (34.3%), 90 patients from 75 to 79 years (19.6%), and 64 patients over 80 years (13.9%). There was no significant difference between the number of men and women, there being 232 men and 228 women. (3) Among the 464 cases, 99 cases (21.3%) were malignant diseases compared to 365 cases (78.7%) of benign disease. Stomach cancer was the most common, 36 cases, colon cancer accounted for 31 cases and hepatobiliary cancer for 12 cases. Of the benign diseases, 103 cases (28.2%) were acute appendicitis, 85 (23.4%) were hepatobiliary diseases, 73 (20.1%) were hernias, and 35 (9.6%) were anal diseases. (4) Two hundred twenty-two (222) preoperative-associated diseases were found in 460 patients (48.3%). Cardiovascular disease was the most common (17.4%), and pulmonary disease was the 2nd most common (15.9%). (5) Of the total 133 cases of postoperative complication occurrence, wound infection was the most common, 43 cases, followed by pneumonia, 30 cases, respiratory failure, 11 cases, and renal failure, 7 cases. (6) The postoperative mortality rate was 5.0% and the most common cause was respiratory failure, 8 cases, followed by sepsis, 8 cases. CONCLUSION: The field of geriatric surgery must be pioneered and developed more by surgeons because the number of geriatric surgical patients is increasing more rapidly at present than in the past.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Appendicitis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Economic Development ; Female ; Hernia ; Humans ; Incheon ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sepsis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Wound Infection

OBJECTIVES: From February 1995 to April 1998, those patients who had visited for evaluation of infertility, shown abnormal endometrial pattern on hysterosalpingography underwent resectoscopic operation. We evaluated about its therapeutic effect, recurrence rate of uterine adhesion and effectiveness of its assisted method. METHOD: We have reviewed 45 cases of intrauterine adhesion, classified as a central type, marginal type and multiple type. We used 26F resectoscope made in Storz for operation and inserted Lippes loop or pediatric foley catheter for prevention of readhesion. For promoting reepithelialization, conjugated estrogens(premarin) 5mg daily for 30 - 50 days were given and then 10mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate(provera) were added daily for the last 10 days. We evaluated the uterine cavity condition preoperatively and postoperatively by using hysterosalpingography. RESULT: In 45 cases, 41 cases were followed up postoperatively. 21 cases were markedly improved, 12 cases were improved and 8 cases were not improved or recurred on hysterosalpingography. In 41 cases, for prevention of readhesion 20 cases were used pediatric foley catheter and 5 cases(25%) were recurred. 21 cases were used Lippes loop and 3 cases(14%) were recurred. Pregnancy outcome was as follows;15 cases were pregnant and 10 cases delivered a viable infant, 3 cases aborted spontaneously, 1 case was ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopic salpingectomy was done, 1 case was ongoing pregnancy. CONCLUSION: This report suggests that resectoscopic operation is very effective in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion(therapeutic rate of 81%) and that the use of Lippes loop seems like to have the less recurrence rate than the use of pediatric foley catheter in prevention of postoperative readhesion, but more experience and further follow-up are necessary to obtain more detailed conclusions.
Catheters ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Infant ; Infertility ; Medroxyprogesterone ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Recurrence ; Salpingectomy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of congenital missing teeth and supernumerary teeth in cleft patients. The subjects were divided into bilateral cleft lip and palate(BCLP), unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP) and cleft palate alone(CP alone) groups. 97 cleft patients(BCLP 15, UCLP 70, CP alone 12) between 6-20 years old were evaluated. Panorama film, Orthodontic chart and initial intraoral photogram were employed for this research. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The incidence of congenital missing teeth in total cleft samples was 57.7 %, and the incidence of supernumerary teeth was 26.8 %. Each incidence was higher than non-cleft. 2. The incidence of congenital missing teeth was the highest in BCLP and the lowest in CP alone. 3. The number of congenital missing teeth per perso was usually one, and the frequency was higher in the maxilary lateral incisors(67.8 %), and maxillary second premolar(14.9 %) than other teeth. 4. Most of tooth number anomalies in cleft patients were found in maxilla, especially adjacent region to the cleft site.
Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maxilla ; Palate* ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary*

PURPOSE: The present research was done to examine the fundamental significance and structure of conflict experience of nurses in hospital nursing organizations.METHODS: This qualitative research was conducted by analyzing data collected through in-depth interviews based on Colaizzi's (1978) method of analysis, one of the phenomenological methods of analysis.RESULTS: Statements from the 12 study participants demonstrate two key topics “accumulation of conflicts” and “manifestation of new conflicts” as well as seven sub-topics including “being forced to comply”, “Lack of respect and consideration”, “unsatisfactory conflict management by the leaders”, “continuous and overwhelming vicious cycle”, “prevalence of self-defensive egotism”, “difficult to accept differences”, and “incapable of responding to the structural changes of nursing workforce”.CONCLUSION: Resolving the dysfunctional conflicts in hospital nursing organizations requires not only improvement in the organizational culture of individuals and nursing organizations, but also legal and institutional measures in addition to new attempts to integrate education and research findings from relevant fields of studies.
Education ; Methods ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture ; Qualitative Research

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a frustrating problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) for which there is no effective treatment. Our aim was to find brain stimulation areas showing greater responses for reducing FOG. METHODS: Twelve PD patients with FOG were selected for inclusion. We explored the therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the motor cortex (MC). We measured the number of steps, completion time, and freezing episodes during the stand-walk-sit test before and after rTMS treatment. We also tested freezing episodes in two FOG-provoking tasks. RESULTS: There was a trend for a greater reduction in freezing episodes with SMA stimulation than MC stimulation (p=0.071). FOG was significantly improved after SMA stimulation (p < 0.05) but not after MC stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the SMA is a more-appropriate target for brain stimulation when treating PD patients with FOG. This study provides evidence that stimulating the SMA using rTMS is beneficial to FOG, which might be useful for future developments of therapeutic strategies.
Brain ; Freezing* ; Gait* ; Humans ; Motor Cortex* ; Parkinson Disease* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Weather

We examined the hepatitis G virus infections among 227 Koreans who were healthy or were suspected of hepatitis and determined the phylogenetic relationship based on a part of the NS-5 region of 5 positive samples. Viral RNA was extracted from sera and cDNA was synthesized and subsequently amplified by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) or RT-nested PCR using random hexamer and NS-5 specific primers (470-20-1-77F, 470-20-1-211R, HGVNESTFO, HGVNESTRE). Five positives were found to belong to samples of patients showing symptoms of viral hepatitis. Primers used for PCR or nested PCR were derived from the NS-5 region. On the other hand, no amplification was detected using primers derived from the 5'-NCR (G-146F, G-401R). We performed TA cloning and sequencing of 5 amplified fragments, and their sequences were compared with those of foreign isolates of HGV. The phylogenetic analysis using MegAlign programme of DNAstar has shown that the Korean isolates are clustered on the phylogenetic tree. In summary, we confirmed the hepatitis G virus infection in 5 cases out of 12 patients showing the symptoms of viral hepatitis. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences of 5 amplified fragments showed that their relations to each other were closer than those to the foreign HGV isolates reported.
Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; GB virus C* ; Hand ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral

No abstract available.