Mesenteric lymphadenitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica infection is not common in Korea. Although most cases of Yersinia enterocolitica-induced mesenteric adenitis are self limited, cardinal features of Yersinia enterocolitica-induced mesenteric adenitis are so similar to those of acute appendicitis that some of the patients undergo laparotomy with suspected appendicitis. The findings on laparotomy in such patients are usually enlarged mesenteric nodes with a normal or slightly inflamed appendix. Because histologic examination of the removed mesenteric lymph nodes reveals reactive hyperplasia in most cases, it is usually difficult to suspect Yersinia enterocolitica infection on morphology of the resected nodes. But suppurative granulomata of mesenteric lymph nodes, uncommonly encountered in Yersinia enterocolitica infection, strongly suggest yersinial infection. We report a case of mesenteric lymphadenitis in a 10-year-old boy, who underwent laparotomy with suspected acute appendicitis. The removed lymph node showed several suppurative granulomata in the cortex, suggesting yersinial infection. Serologic study confirmed Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 infection.
Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea ; Laparotomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Mesenteric Lymphadenitis* ; Yemen ; Yersinia enterocolitica* ; Yersinia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to prove the effects of topical anesthetics (EMLA) to control pain in preterm infants during invasive procedure (percutaneous central venous catheterization, PCVC). METHODS: A total of 18 preterm infants of birth weight <2,000 g and gestational age <36 weeks born at EulJi University Hospital, at Daejeon in 2010 were randomly included in this study. EMLA was applied in nine preterm infants 40 minutes before starting PCVC and placebo was applied in another nine preterm infants. Based on PIPP (preterm infant pain profile), we evaluated their heart rate, oxygen saturation before, 15 seconds during and 30 seconds after procedure. Behavioral responses were also recorded for 2 minutes after procedure. RESULTS: Experimental group showed significantly less behavioral response during procedure (P=0.005) and 2 min after procedure (P=0.001). Also, experimental group showed less increase in heart rate (P=0.033) and reduction of behavioral state (P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Despite limitation of small size in this study, experimental group showed lower pain score compared with placebo control group during catheterization. In neonatal care unit (NICU), we recommend the use of topical anesthetics such as EMLA to control pain during invasive procedures.
Anesthetics ; Birth Weight ; Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Gestational Age ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lidocaine ; Oxygen ; Prilocaine

The fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) has become a popular method to diagnose mass lesions of the liver. Although many reports have listed FNAB criteria to be used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), a diagnostic dilemma still exists at the extreme ends of the spectrum, particularly for well differentiated HCC. The authors reviewed a series of FNAB specimens of the liver to distinguish well differentiated HCC from nonneoplastic liver. Fifteen cytologic features were examined in this study: high cellularity, large sheet formation, trabecular pattern, acinar pattern, dispersed pattern, irregular arrangement, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, naked nuclei, irregular chromatin, irregular nuclear contour, multinucleation, uniform macronucleoli, multiple nuclei, uniform small cytoplasm and monotony of atypia. These features were examined in a series of 76 FNAB specimens. Fifty two specimens were from patients with HCC and 24 specimens were from patients with nonneoplastic lesion or tumors other than HCC containg adequate amount of nonneoplastic hepatocytes in smear. All specimens were coded as to the presence or absence of the above cytologic features. With the use of stepwise logistic regression analysis, three features were identified as the key cytologic features predictive of HCC: irregular chromatin, monotony of atypia and absence of large sheet formation. When these criteria were used, the sensitivity diagnosing HCC by FNAB was 94.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value was 88.9%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Logistic Models ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. METHOD: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea. Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. RESULT: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to .7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (+/-12.71), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness -.425. CONCLUSION: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.
Adult ; Coitus ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Sexuality

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been described in patients with advanced stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but rarely occurs during the seroconversion stage of acute HIV infection. We report a case of acute HIV syndrome that presented with virus-associated HLH. The patient recovered spontaneously without any immunomodulating therapy. This case suggests that acute HIV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of HLH and indicates that HLH associated with acute HIV infection can have a favorable outcome.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology/*pathology ; Male

The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of nutrition education and perceptions for implementing nutrition education in elementary schools. In this survey, 833 dietitians, 808 principals and 3,141 teachers across the country were asked about the present status and problems as well as necessity, methods, education time, education subjects and the proper nutrition educator ratio. The results of the survey showed that only 4.2% of dietitians implemented nutrition education during regular school hours or through special activities. Many subjects responded that the reasons for not practicing nutrition education were systematic problems of lack of time due to too much food service work. Especially, many rural area dietitians responded that the reason was lack of time due to joint management and cooking. Many dietitians, principals and teachers responded that the placement of one nutrition teacher in every school is needed to resolve these problems. Other solutions suggested were the introduction of a dietitian internship, and the modernization of foodservice facilities for principals and teachers. Of those surveyed 98.4 percent of principals and 95.5 percent of teachers responded that nutrition education is urgently needed. Many subjects also responded that the first three years of elementary school are the most proper time for nutrition education and it is best that these lessons are reinforced at least once a month through discretional or special activities. Survey participants responded that the proper ratio for nutrition educators is 400-800 persons for dietitians compared to less than 400 persons for principals. In conclusion, it is hoped that this study will be able to provide a foundation of data for implementing a systematic nutrition education program by nutrition teachers in elementary school.
Cooking ; Education* ; Food Services ; Hope ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Joints ; Nutritionists ; Social Change

For the past two decades, a huge number of genetic studies have been conducted to identify the genetic variants responsible for asthma risk. Several types of genetic and genomic approaches, including linkage analysis, candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphism studies, and whole genome-wide association studies have been applied. In this review article, the results of these approaches are summarized, and their limitations are discussed. Additionally, perspectives for applying upcoming new epigenetic or genomic technologies, such as copy number variation, are introduced to increase our understanding of new omic approaches to asthma genetics.
Asthma ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Epigenomics ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genome ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of biofilm production and related genes for discriminating between pathogens, colonizers, and contaminants with Staphylococcus epidermidis blood isolates. METHODS: Forty S. epidermidis blood isolates, including 19 pathogens, 11 colonizers, and 10 contaminants, were tested. Biofilm production was determined in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. Relative units (rU), given by the optical density (OD) of the clinical isolates divided by the OD of a standard biofilm-negative strain, were used for quantification. Polymerase chain reactions for the icaABCD, atlE, and aap genes were performed to evaluate biofilm-related genes. The diagnostic accuracy of biofilm-related genes was assessed using the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. RESULTS: Biofilm production of the catheter-related isolates, including pathogens and colonizers, was significantly greater than that of contaminants (50% vs. 20%, p=0.012). For catheter-related isolates, rU was significantly greater for ica-positive isolates than for ica-negative isolates (1.72+/-0.84 vs.0.94+/-0.22; p=0.003). The prevalence of atlE and aap did not differ between the three groups. Seven S. epidermidis were isolated together with other microorganisms from intravascular catheters, and their biofilm production was relatively low. The positive predictive value of icaABCD was 83% for discriminating between catheter-related isolates and contaminants. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogens and colonizers had similar biofilm production capacities and prevalences of related genes, whereas catheter-related isolates and contaminants differed. The biofilm production ability and presence of these genes cannot be used for clinical decision-making regarding true pathogens. The ica operon might be useful for differentiating between contaminants and catheter-related isolates in catheter-related infection (CRI). Further studies of other related genes and protein expression are needed to assess the clinical usefulness of biofilm production for clinical isolates.
Biofilms ; Catheter-Related Infections ; Catheters ; Colon ; Gentian Violet ; Oligopeptides ; Operon ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polystyrenes ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sprains and Strains ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to get baseline data to establish a guideline for the infant nutrition by observing the feeding practice and nutritional intake during infancy and evaluationg the nutritional status of iron and lipids at 12-month-old infants. METHODS: This survery was cnducted from July to November, 1992. Subjects were healthy infants who were brought to Yeungnam University Hospital for vaccination. We followed up feeding methods for 6 months in 120 infants, and laboratory tests which include hemoglobin, fematocrit, MCHC, ferritin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio were done in 36 infants at 12 months of age. RESULTS: Male to female sex ratio was 1.6:1 in total 120 study infants. Among 36 infants who took laboratory tests, five infants were breast-fed, 25 were formula-fed, and 6 were mexed-fed. Percentage of the formula-fed infants increased as their monthly age increases. Although 54.2% of the studied infants were started weaning diet at four months of age, 10.8% of infants were not given any weaning diet until 6 month of age. Breastfed infnats had lower hemoglobin(10.6+/-1.8g/dl), hematocrit(32.6+/-3.6%), serum ferritin(13.6+/-13.1ng/ml)(p<0.05), and 15.6% of them had anemia and 16.7% of them had iron deficiency. Serum lipids levels except total cholesterol in breaset-fed female infants were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that the incidence of iron deficiency anemia was increased in breast fed infants and there was no difference in lipids levels according to different feeding methods. Adequate iron supplementation through weaning diets is one of the most important problems in breast milk feeding
Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Breast ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Iron* ; Male ; Milk, Human ; Nutritional Status* ; Sex Ratio ; Triglycerides ; Urea ; Vaccination ; Weaning

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin's lymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell having scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.
Breast ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Seminoma ; Thymoma ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*