PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The data were collected during the period of July 1 to July 31, 2016. In total, 172 participants were recruited from outpatients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a health care center, a health promotion center at National Health Insurance Corporation, and a tertiary hospital. Statistical data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study results showed that self-care behavior (β=−.34, p<.001), empowerment (β=−.34, p<.001), and social support (β=−.20, p=.018) were found to be influential factors affecting glycosylated hemoglobin, with an overall descriptive power of 69%. CONCLUSION: Self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support are considered to be important factors in blood glucose management for the patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, self-caring blood glucose programs and internal synchronizing education through social support and empowerment need to be improved.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Hemoglobin A ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Power (Psychology)* ; Self Care* ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Krukenberg Tumor*

Most of the malignant tumors of the pancreas are adenocarcinomas arising from the ductal epithelium. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, even though it is the most common sarcoma of the pancreas, is very rare. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, probably primary, with metastases to the stomach, lymph nodes, and abdominal wall. A 52-year-old woman visited the hospital with vague right upper abdominal pain and weigh loss of 6 kg for 2 months. The radiological and endoscopic examination revealed that she had a large heterogeneous mass, 11 cm in size, in the pancreatic body and tail, a 4 cm-sized mass in the paraaortic area, and a 3 cm-sized polypoid mass in the stomach. Histologically, they were all similar to one another and composed of markedly pleomorphic cells. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies showed definite smooth muscle differentiation of the tumor cells. Two months later, the patient underwent an excision of a new 3 cm mass in the right lower abdominal wall, showing features of well differentiated leiomyosarcoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Sarcoma ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Mumps*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group with a pre/post-test design was used. Students (n=174) in two boys' junior high schools located in D city, Korea participated with 85 being selected for the experimental group and 89 for the control group. Five sessions were given to the experimental group and a 50 minute lecture to the control group. Knowledge, attitude, non-smoking intention, and non-smoking efficacy were measured for the both experimental and control group at two weeks before the program and one month after the program was completed. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and paired t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher overall knowledge, negative attitude toward smoking, and higher non-smoking intention and efficacy. After receiving the school based peer leader centered smoking prevention program scores for attitude toward smoking and non-smoking efficacy increased in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program needs longitudinal evaluation, but from this study, there is an indication that this program can be used with junior high school students and effectively change students' attitude toward smoking and promote non-smoking efficacy.
Adolescent ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; School Health Services ; Smoking/*prevention & control ; Students/*psychology

Joubert syndrome and Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRDs) are rare autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and a brain stem malformation, which presents as the “molar tooth sign” in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). JSRDs are a group of clinically heterogeneous conditions that exhibit neurological manifestations and multiple organ involvement. JSRDs are also genetically heterogeneous, and approximately 20 causative genes that account for 45% of JSRDs have been identified. A 7-yr-old boy visited Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital with the following presentations: no ocular fixation, ataxia, growth retardation, and hypotonia. Physical examination revealed facial dysmorphism, spindle shaped fingers, and height (99 cm) and weight (13 kg) below the third percentile. Ophthalmic examination revealed retinal dystrophy. A diagnosis of JSRDs was made based on clinical and brain MRI findings. We found two heterozygous variants c.2945 G>T; p.Arg982Met (G>T) and c.2216dupA; p.Phe740Valfs*2 (dupA) in AHI1, and a heterozygous c.3973C>T; p.Arg1325Trp (C>T) variant in KIF7 by whole exome sequencing (WES). Genetic analysis on the proband's father revealed that he had both AHI1 variants, but did not have the KIF7 variant, which was inconsistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Therefore, the G>T variant and C>T variant were presumed to be of “uncertain significance.” Furthermore, one novel dupA variant was interpreted as “pathogenic,” while the second allele was not detected. Caution should be exercised while interpreting the significance of variants detected by WES. In addition, the involvement of genes other than the 20 known ones will require further investigation to elucidate the pathogenesis of JSRDs.
Alleles ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellar Vermis ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Exome* ; Fathers ; Fingers ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Physical Examination ; Retinal Dystrophies ; Tooth ; Wills

In this study, the food intake, feces and urine of 14 primary school age boys and girls were collected and intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured. The boys and girls were 8-12 years old and measurement continued for four weeks during which they maintained their normal living pattern. Each boy's and girl's daily intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also calculated. The results are as follows. Mean daily intake of iron was 14.9+/-0.6 mg for the boys and 12.4+/-0.5 mg for the girls. Mean daily intake of zinc was 11.8+/-1.2 mg for the boys and 11.5+/-0.4 mg for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of iron was 6.1+/-0.3 mg and 58.8+/-2.0% for the boys and 6.8+/-0.1 mg and 44.1+/-2.0% for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of zinc was 9.3+/-0.2 mg and 14.4+/-5.1% for the boys and 9.7+/-0.4 mg and 14.3+/-4.3% for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of iron was 1.1+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 7.86+/-0.6 mg for the boys and 0.5+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 5.14+/-0.4 mg for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of zinc was 0.5+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 1.03+/-0.6 mg for the girls.
Child* ; Eating ; Feces ; Female ; Humans ; Iron* ; Zinc*

The 522 ocular injuries among the 23,249 out and in patients who visited to Dept. of Ophthalmology from 1 Jan., 1980 to 31 July, 1986 were clinically evaluated. 1. The incidence of ocular injuries was 2.2% of all patients. 2. The incidence was more common in male (82.8%) and in the age of second and third decade(57.9%). 3. The ocular injuries were brought regardless of the season. 4. Small iron particles were the most common causative agent and the majority of ocular injuries. 5. Perforating injury was the most common nature of ocular injuries. 6. Primary operations included the sutures of cornea or sclera(49.7%), repair of lid(28.7%), or enucleation or evisceration(7.4%), and secondary operations included most commonly cataract operations, and others. 7. The final visual acuity of 20.7% was 0.1 or less, and 57.1 % was 0.9 or more.
Cataract ; Cornea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Seasons ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

The authors analysed 51 cases of intraocular foreign body patients who were treated at the Ophthalmic Department of Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, during a 6 year period. Follow up study was done for all cases of patient at least 6 months or more after operation. And the author studied several factors which influence the prognosis of intraocular foreign body. The results are as follows: 1. The incidence of intraocular foreign body was prevalent in young male adult 20-30 years of age, and a large number of their cases were magnetic properties. 2. Larger the size of foreign body and deeper the location of foreign body, worse the prognosis of final visual acuity was. 3. Time interval between injury and operation did not influence the prognosis of final visual acuity. 4. Corneal perforation had better prognosis than scleral perforation in the visual outcome.
Adult ; Corneal Perforation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies* ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study investigated the attitudes of Korean medical students about patient safety to determine which perspectives required increased focus in terms of educational development. METHODS: Attitudes were assessed using the Patient Safety Questionnaire, a tool designed to measure attitudes toward patient safety among medical students. Questionnaires were distributed to 580 clinical year students across four medical schools in December 2018. RESULTS: A total of 300 returned questionnaires were used in the final analysis. More than half of all respondents agreed (i.e., gave more than 4 out of 7 points) with most items and thoroughly considered the concept of patient safety. However, many students misperceived several items (e.g., professional incompetence as a cause of errors, disclosure responsibility, the importance of patient safety in the curriculum, and situational awareness). CONCLUSION: Attitudes toward patient safety are highly important due to their substantial impacts on behavioral decisions in the clinical setting. As such, patient safety education should be designed to place greater emphasis on proper attitude. This study's findings should be useful for medical instructors who wish to determine the appropriate areas of curricular focus.
Curriculum ; Disclosure ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Patient Safety ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires