Persistent trigeminal artery is an embryonic remnant of the anastomotic channel linking the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery. Cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by the persistent trigeminal artery with internal carotid artery stenosis has been described previously, but vertebrobasilar insufficiency entirely due to in situ stenosis of the persistent trigeminal artery has not been reported. A 71-year-old man presented with frequent dizzy episodes. The brain MRI showed no parenchymal lesions. MR angiography showed poor visualization of vertebrobasilar system. He was diagnosed as having vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Cerebral angiography revealed that there was complete occlusion at the vertebrobasilar junction, and the basilar artery was supplied by the persistent trigeminal artery which had severe stenosis at its origin. There was no stenosis of the internal carotid artery of both sides. We believe that this is the first report of vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to stenosed persistent trigeminal artery, without internal carotid artery stenosis.

No abstract available.
Panax*

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

We observed 240 cases ranging in age from 3 months to 15 years seen by gastrofiberoscopy in the department of pediatrics of Seoul Red Cross Hospital from March 1990 to October 1992 and following results were obtained. 1) The male to female ratios in total cases and in 89 patients complaining of abdominal pain for more than one month were 0.94:1 and 1.02:1 respectively. The most prevalent age group was 10~12 years in both groups. 2) The indication in the order of frequency were chronic abdominal pain (37.1%), acute abdominal pain (32.5%), vomiting (7.9%), hematemesis and melena (5.4%), follow-up study (6.3%), further evaluation (3.8%), chest discomfort (2.5%), foreign body removal (2.1%), nausea (1.2%), dysphagia (0.8%) and abdominal mass (0.4%). 3) The common endoscopic findings in the 225 cases excluding follow-up ones were gastritis (34.7%), duodenitis (14.2%), ulcer (11.6%), esophagitis (7.6%) and foreign body (2.2%). 4) The common endoscopic findings in cases of chronic abdominal pain were gastritis (42.7%), duodenitis (16.9%) and ulcer (7.9%). 5) There was no complication except mild sore throat.
Abdominal Pain ; Deglutition Disorders ; Duodenitis ; Esophagitis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastritis ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Male ; Melena ; Nausea ; Pediatrics ; Pharyngitis ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Ulcer ; Vomiting

Present study aimed to investigate the immunological activities of cell wall associated protein antigen solubilized with Triton X-100 (TSP) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and conducted on 43 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (newly diagnosed, medicated within 12 months and chronic refractory patients) and 17 normal healthy controls. These immunological responses were compared with those induced by the PPD or 30 kDa antigen from M, tuberculosis H37Rv culture filtrates, identified as biologically important secreted proteins. Proliferative responses to mycobacterial antigens were compared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy subjects and pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Signiticant blastogenic responses to the TSP were observed in healthy tuberculin reactors, newly diagnosed and some of antituberculosis drug-medicated patients by H-thymidine incorporation assay. IL-12 p40 and IFN-r mRNA expressions to the TSP were markedly increased, whereas IL-10 and TNF-a mRNA expressions were decreased at a 5 day-stimulation by PBMC in healthy tuberculin reactors, newly diagnosed and medicated patients. However, patients with chronic refractory tuberculosis exhibited more depressed IL-12 p40 and IFN-r mRNA expressions to all of the antigens than another groups. Interestingly, very low IL-10 and TNF-a mRNA expressions cultured with the TSP were also shown. These data suggest that the TSP may be involved in the macrophage activation by induction of Th1 stimulatory signals, such as IL-12, and suppression of Th1 inhibitory cytokine, IL-10.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No Abstract Available.
Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI findings of Guillain-Barre syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In six patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome diagnosed by clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and electrophysiologic findings, a retrospective review of MR findings was conducted. Follow-up MRI scans were carried out in two patients showing minimal clinical improvement. RESULTS: Marked or moderate enhancement of thickened nerve roots was seen in all cases on gadopentetate dimeglumine enhanced axial T1-weighted images. Two patterns were seen ; one was even enhancement of both anterior and posterior nerve roots (n=1) and the other was enhancement of anterior nerve roots only (n=5). Enhancement and thickness of nerve roots was seen to have slightly decreased on MRI follow-up at 32 and 50 days ; clinical and electrophysiologic examination showed minimal improvement. CONCLUSION: Although MRI findings of nerve root enhancement are nonspecific and can be seen in neoplastic and other inflammatory diseases, the enhancement of thickened anterior nerve roots within thecal sac suggests Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

Tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) lymphocytes contain immunologically sensitized to tumor but functionally deficient T cells. The 30 kDa protein antigen, a major secreted protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, exhibits strong T cell stimulatory effect. In this study, it examined that the feasibility of using M tuberculosis 30 kDa antigen to stimulate tumor-draining lymph node cells for the generation of specific immune effector cells. Freshly isolated TDLN lymphocytes could directly respond to the 30 kDa antigen alone and their proliferative responses were markedly augmented by stimulation with rIL-2. TDLN cells were stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen for various time intervals and examined for the induction of IFN-r and IL-4 mRNA using RT-PCR. The expression of IFN-r mRNA was greatly augmented after 1 wk, whereas IL-4 mRNA is markedly decreased after 1 wk. Cytotoxic T cell activities induced by the 30 kDa antigen was also evaluated. TDLN cells stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen alone were able to generate remarkable cytotoxic response to K562 or Daudi cell lines after 6 days of culture. And their cytotoxic effects were highly augmented by stirnulation with rIL-2. These results suggest that the 30 kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis may selectively activate Thl cells of TDLN lymhocytes and induce the cytotoxic T cell activities. In conclusion, the 30 kDa antigen can be used as a biologic response modifier in tumor immunology.
Allergy and Immunology ; Cell Line ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th1 Cells* ; Tuberculosis

An exercise stress test using the bicycle ergometer was carried out in Korea University Hospital in 121 untrained apparently healthy male Koreans with the ages ranging from 20 to 69 years. The graded exercise test consisted of 12 minutes' work on the bicycle ergometer, 4 minutes with each work load, such as 50 W, 100W and 150W, and an additional time with the maximal load to the point of voluntary exhaustion or until other symptoms of exercise intolerance appeared. During the graded exercise a bipolar electrocardiogram from the forehead to the V 5 position(lead CH5) was monitored with an oscilloscope with the sweep speed of 50mm per second and recorded for the analysis. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Heart rates were measured before and during the graded exercise at 50W, 100W, 150W and maximal work loads, and those of the 98 cases with no significant ST segment depression in the exercise ECG are presented. Mean heart rates per minute on 150W load by age group were: 171.0 in the 20-29 year-old group, 170.8 in the 30~39 year-old group, 168.0 in the 40-49year-old group, 162.9 in the 50-59 year-old group and 153.6 in the 60-69 year-old group. Mean heart rates per minute on maximal work load by age group were: 186.0 in the 20-29 year-old group, 178.8 in the 30-39 year-old group, 174.7 in the 40-49 year-old group, 166.0 in the 50-59 year-old group and 161.8 in the 60-69 year-old group. 2. The maximal working capacities by age group were: 266.3W in the 29-29 year-old group, 186.1W in the 30-39 year-old group, 182.2W in the 40-49 year-old group, 160.0W in the 50-59 year-old group and 161.8W in the 60-69 year-old group. 3. More than 1mm ST segment depression 0.08 second after the J point was seen in 10.7% and that 0.06 second after the J point in 19.1%. 4. Electrocardiographic QX/QT ratios ranging from 50 to 59% were seen in 21.5% and more than 60% in 0.8% of the cases. 5. Arrhythmias observed during the exercise test included premature ventricular contraction (2.5%), atrial premature contraction(1.7%) and nodal premature contraction(0.8%). 6. Distressing symtoms experienced during the graded exercise test were dizziness(6.6%) and leg pain(5.8%). Excessive sweating(3.3%), hypotension(1.7%) and nausea and vomiting (0.8%) were noticed immediately after the maximal exercise was finished.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Depression ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test* ; Forehead ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Male* ; Nausea ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; Vomiting