PURPOSE: This study determined which obesity measurement correlates the best with diabetes and prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1603 subjects (611 men, 992 women; age 30-64 years) at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, waist-thigh ratio, and visceral fat were used as measures of obesity. Visceral fat was acquired using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were defined using the criteria in the American Diabetes Association 2015 guidelines. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and other potential confounding factors, participants with a visceral fat mass in the upper 10th percentile had a higher odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and prediabetes than the upper 10th percentile of other adiposity indices [men, OR=15.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4-39.2; women, OR=6.9, 95% CI=3.5-13.7]. Visceral fat mass also had the highest area under the curve with diabetes and prediabetes in both men (0.69, 95% CI=0.64-0.73) and women (0.70, 95% CI=0.67-0.74) compared to other anthropometric measurements of obesity. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat mass measured using DXA is an indicator of diabetes or prediabetes, due to its ability to differentiate between abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; *Adiposity ; Adult ; Anthropometry ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data ; Biomarkers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/*ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications/*ethnology ; Odds Ratio ; Prediabetic State/*ethnology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Waist Circumference

A retrospective study of the effect of vitrectomy, scleral bucling and intraocular tamponade (SF6 gas or silicone oil) was carried out in 39 patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Complete anatomic retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling scleral buckle was obtained in 53% (21/40) of these eyes. Useful vision was restored in 52% of the 21 anatomically successful cases. Anatomic success was not correlated with severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lens status. The most frequent postoperative complication was cataract in phakic eyes and recurrent retinal detachment in aphakic eyes.
Cataract ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicone Oils ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

A retrospective study of the effect of vitrectomy, scleral bucling and intraocular tamponade (SF6 gas or silicone oil) was carried out in 39 patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Complete anatomic retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling scleral buckle was obtained in 53% (21/40) of these eyes. Useful vision was restored in 52% of the 21 anatomically successful cases. Anatomic success was not correlated with severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lens status. The most frequent postoperative complication was cataract in phakic eyes and recurrent retinal detachment in aphakic eyes.
Cataract ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicone Oils ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

No abstract available.
Calcium/*analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology ; Coronary Vessels/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*epidemiology ; Vascular Calcification/*epidemiology

Lichen amyloidosis is a chronic, benign and relatively rare disease, but not infrequent in Korea. The patients with lichen amyloidosis visited to Dermatologic Department of Severance Hospital in 1969. The results of clinico-pathological findings observed in above patients were presented. Case 1-A 56 year old farmer has been suffered from pruritic lichenoid papules which developed in the right pretibial area for 10 years. These papules were reddish-brown in color, 1 to 2mm in. diameter and closely aggregated. The whole gross lesion measured 10 by 25 cm. Cases 2-A 32 year old obese house-wife complained of pruritic eruptions in the right pretibial area for 3 years. Shiny firm papules, measuring approximately 2 mm in diameter, were red in color and gross entire lesion was estimated to 7 by 10 cm. Histological examination by employing the stain method of crystal violet and the Nomland test demonstrated the amyloid mass in the papillary portion of dermis. All laboratory studies including complete blood count (CBC), chest X-ray, sedimentation rate, urinalysis (including test for Bence Jones protein), blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum cholesterol, venereal disease research laboratories test for syphilis (VDRL), stool for occult blood, serum protein electrophoresis, electrocardiogram (ECG) and intravenous congo red test, were within normal limit. The therapeutic results were not promissing, however itching and lichenoid papules were disappeared during the treatment with steroid cream for occlussive dressing therapy.
Adult ; Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Bandages ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cholesterol ; Congo Red ; Dermis ; Electrocardiography ; Electrophoresis ; Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Korea ; Lichens* ; Middle Aged ; Occult Blood ; Pruritus ; Rare Diseases ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Thorax ; Urinalysis

The pathologic changes of verrucae and molluscum contagiosum are limitted chiefly to epidermis, therefore treatment with cantharidin which forms acantholytic bulla is successful. Canthrides is dried, powdered blister beetle, and cantharidin is its purified active ingredient. Its primary cutaneous effect is acantholysis and death of epidermal cells. For topical treatment, catharidin was prepared as a 0.9% solution in mixture of 50% of acetone, 25% of ether and 25% flexibIe collodion U.S.P. The therapeutic efficacy of cantharidin was excellent to eliminate the lesions of verrucae and molluscum contagiosum, showing the complete recovery of 114 out of 117 lesions of verrucae, and 520 out of 550 lesions of molluscum contagiosum with 1 to 3 topical applications. From the above results, it should be pointed out that cantharidin has the several advantages at clinical uses for the treatment of verrucae and molluscum contagiosum: 1 No residual scarring. 2. No pain. 3. Excellent therapeut!c efficacy.
Acantholysis ; Acetone ; Beetles ; Blister ; Cantharidin* ; Cicatrix ; Collodion ; Epidermis ; Ether ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Warts*

A choroid detachment occurs most commonly after surgical operation for cataract, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. It is fairly characteristic for postoperative choroidal edema to be accompanied by hypotonia and a shallow anterior chamber. We have recently experienced 3 cases of choroid detachment after cataract operation, and acase of choroid detachment combined with retinal detachment after trabeculectomy. They were also accompanied by hypotonia and shallow anterior chamber, but had not would leakage. Among 4 cases, a case of choroid detachment was performed suprachoroidal tapping, the remaining were treated with prednisolone, cycloplegics, and pressure dressing. They were not of consequence and subsided without being noticed. A brief review of relating literatures was described.
Anterior Chamber ; Bandages ; Cataract ; Choroid* ; Edema ; Glaucoma ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Mydriatics ; Prednisolone ; Retinal Detachment ; Trabeculectomy

In our recently published article, there were some missing contents in the Acknowledgments section, which should be properly added as follows.

Of 127 consecutive cases of relatively fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, posterior vitreous detachments and their relation to type of retinal perforation were studied using a contact lens or Hruby lens and a biomicroscope for stereoscopic examination of the vitreous cavity and the fundus of the eve. Analysing 127 cases, the authors found a complets posterior vitreous detachment with collapse in 58 cases and a simple total pcsterior vitreous detachment in 69 cases. And posterior vitreous detachment was an indispensable factor for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The topographical site of election, however, varies with the type of perforation. Arrow-head tears occur preferentially in the upper half of the retina, particulaly with a predilection for the equatorial zone. Amog 26 horse-shoe shaped tears, 25tears were found in the upper half of the fundus and only one in the lower half. The horse-shoe shaped tears were always accompanied with total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse. In the series of 127 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 100 round holes were detected; 48 holes were found in the eyes wth total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse and 52 holes in the eye with simple total posterior vitreous detachment. The distribution of these perforations in the retina is of interest. The teares distributed almost equally in all quadrants. The vast majority occurred in the peripheral retina at equator or anterior to the equator and holes at juxtapapillary and intermedial areas are extremly rare. The authorse are of the opinion, that total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, is one of the predisposing factors to lead to a horse-shoe shaped tear. In this type of vitreous detachment, the solid vitreous in the upper part is found only antereioly next to the vitreous base. In event of trauma and sudden movement of the eyeball, vitreoretinal adhesion, which located in the upper part of peripheral fundus may be pulled anteriorly and tangentially from the internal surface of the retina and so the base of the operculum deflects toward the ora serrata. The ascension phenomenon of the solid vitreous may also lead tc the formation of retinal tears in th elower part of the fundus. The convexity of the tear is always turned toward the optic nerve, and the concavity face the ora. The appearance of these rents may suggest that they not only are formed by a tearing process of a forward direction due to adhesion of the retina to the vitreous but also depend upon the typical network of retinal fibers. On the other hand, in simple total posterior vitreous detachment, a round hole of en occurrs in the equator as well as in macular, juxta papillary and intermedial region, because the solidification power of the formed vitreous operates as a force on the vitreoretinal adhesion toward the center of the eyeball.
Causality ; Hand ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Detachment*

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.