This paper introduces the theoretical basis of the amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of hepatitis C and process of discovering the hepatitis C by PCR. This is a technique with the high sensitivity and very specificity and gives the results rapidly. However, the application of this technique requires many experiences and the deep knowledge for its limitation, especially contamination.
Hepatitis C ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

100 patients with HCC, diagnosed by the clinical, Alpha Foetoprotein, imaging and cytological criteria; 50 patients in the control group. Anti HCV are performed by the techniques of EIA. HCV RNA is detected by RT PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR). The molecular biological techniques are performed at the Central Bio-medical laboratory in Hanoi Medical School. The frequency of serum anti HCV(ELISA) and especially of HCV RNA (RT-PCR) in the patients with HCC is also significantly higher than the one in the group of control: Anti HCV and HCV RNA.The co infection HBV-HCV is not significant in the hepatocarcinogennesis in our study. This study showed that hepatitis B virus is an important etiologic factor in the hepatocarinogenesis in Thua Thien Hue. The role of HCV is also remarkable and the co infections HCV-HBV are not significant in our study
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Hepatitis C virus

The biochemical changes among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were various and common in which reduction of albumin synthesis (61%), reversion of A/G ratio (58%), bilirubinemia (21%), increases of SGOT (91%) and SGPT (82%) and these increases were direct proportional with progress of disease
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Metabolism

A study carried out on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Hue hospital during 2000-2001. The obtained results as following: the average age of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with positive HBVDNA was lower than this of patients with the hepatocellular carcinoma with positive HCVRNA. While the rate of male/female among group of hepatocellular carcinoma with positive HBVDNA was higher than this among group of hepatocellular carcinoma with the positive HCVRNA. The clinical and biological symptoms and ultrasound related with the cirrhosis in the group of hepatocellular carcinoma with the positive HCVRNA were more frequent than these in the group of hepatocellular carcinoma with positive HBVDNA were. There was difference of survival rate in the end of the sixth month between 2 groups but there was no difference in the end of the ninth month.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Ultrasonography

A study on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in HuÕ hospital during 1990-1995 and 2000 has shown that the disease was increasingly during 1990-2000, the morbidity rate was predominant higher than this in women, and average age of patients was reduced. The major etiological agent was hepatitis B virus. The alcohol played a combined role with hepatitis B virus in the hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of hepatitis C virus was not statistical significant.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Hepatitis C virus ; Hepatitis B virus

Glycosmis pentaphylla is a shrub 4-5m high, leaflets 2-5, white flower, fruit around. It is distributed in edge of forest in North midland area of Vietnam. The oil yield was 0.3% from branch with leaves and flower by air-dry material. The essential oil of Glycosmis pentaphylla was analyzed by GC/MS, 88 constituents have been identified. Major constituents were: alpha-pipene (27.1%); beta-caryophyllene (10.3%); spathulenol (7.7%); caryophyllen oxid (7.3%) and aromadendren 6.4%.
Chemicals and Ingredients ; oils ; Plants, Medicinal ; Medicine, Traditional

Studying on 60 patients with upper digestive hemorrhage to determine the causes of disease showed that duodenal ulceration (26.7%), peptic ulceration (21.7%), gastritis (11.9%), and gastroduodenal ulceration (8.3%). Mallory - Weiss (8.3%), esophageal venous rupture (8.3%) peptic cancer (6.6%), pancreatic head cancer compressing the O2 duodenum (1.6%), datric polyps (1.6%) and unidentified cause (5%).
Hemorrhage ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Between 1990 to 1994, 217 patients were diagnosed with biliary ascariasis by ultrasonography. It was showed that biliary ascariasis is a pathological condition with excess incidence. Treatment in complicated or pregnant cases is difficult and costly. Some factors, especially female gender, pregnancy, and pH level of biliary fluid can influence favorably to the migration of ascarid. Ascarid infection density does not affect to the relapse frequency. Use helminthics early with single dose can provide the pain relief rapidly, reduce the rate of complication and avoid overuse the anti-spasmodics. The patients with history of biliary asariasis relapses should be followed-up and treated actively.
Ascariasis ; ultrasonography ; therapeutics

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f. essential oil, using gas chromatography – mass spectrum method, were described. The essential oil content calculated on air dried leaves and fruits was 0.09%. The main constituents among 30 compounds identified in the oil were: para-cymene (13.37%), gamma-terpinene (40.63%), limonene (4.58%), and beta-pinene (4.59%).
Chemistry ; Plants ; Plants, Medicinal ; oils

After preliminary study we have collected 35 species bearing essential oil belong botanical families. The oil yield of 21 species, chemical composition of 7 species among them 6 species first time was studied in detail in Vietnam such as : Liquidambar formosana, Neolitsea sp., Clausena aff. excavata, Euodia lepta, Glucosmis pentaphylla, Zanthoxylum avicennia were determined
Modernization of traditional drugs of ethnic minorities in Vietnam