Objective To evaluate the advantages of combined transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL) and hysteroscopy in patients with infertility. Methods Twenty-three primary infertile patients (primary group) and 23 secondary infertile patients (secondary group) were received THL (using a 3-mm scope with a 0? lens) and hysteroscopy. The fallopian tube patency, pelvic pathology, operative time, discharge time, healing time of vaginal wound, success rate of insertion into the pouch of Douglas and intra-and postoperative complications were observed. Results Primary group had more tube patency cases (P