Objective To study the therapeutic effect of co-administrated metformin and rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 53 patients with T2DM were divided into 2 groups in random:co-administrated glipizide and metformin(group A)and co-administrated metformin and rosiglitazone(group B).All cases were treated for 6 months.Blood pressure(BP),blood glucose(BG),body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),insulin,and blood lipid were determined and the HOMA-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)was calculated.Results Both treatments were effective on hyperglucose,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and high BMI(P<0.05-0.01),while group B could lower the level of insulin(P<0.05)and HOMA-IR(P<0.01).Conclusions Treatment of co-administrated metformin and rosiglitazone can improve the abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism,higher levels of BP and BMI,and ameliorate insulin resistance.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the fluctuation of blood glucose and the macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis (AS) in diabetic patients.METHODS:The individuals with different glucose tolerance were observed by continuous glucose monitoring for 3 days including the mean blood glucose (MBG) and its standard deviation (SD),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and absolute means of daily differences (MODD).In addition,the intima-media thickness (IMT),intima smoothness as well as AS scores were measured respectively in bilateral common carotid arteries by means of high resolution B mode ultrasonography.RESULTS:The incidence of macrovascular complications in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was significantly higher than those in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),and a significantly difference between group IGT and T2DM was observed.The indexes detected by B mode ultrasonography were all increased gradually from NGT to IGT,then to newly diagnosed T2DM.The values of glycemic excursion were higher in IGT and T2DM group,especially in the subjects with diabetes than those in NGT group.In addition,multiple regression analysis showed that MAGE was significantly correlated with mean IMT and AS scores.CONCLUSION:Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with atherosclerosis.The patients with a larger range of blood glucose excursion have higher risks for developing atherosclerotic complications.The impaired glucose stability is a possible risk factor for atherosclerotic macroangiopathy in diabetes.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage,missing the optimal chance for curative surgery,thus leading to the fact that GBC is usually associated with poor prognosis.It is very crucial to strengthen the basic research on GBC,which may further improve the diagnosis and treatment.The research updates on the related genes in the initiation and progression,molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis,and tumor microenvironment of GBC in recent years were reviewed in this paper.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on the growth and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells.

METHODSThe CAFs were isolated from human primary gallbladder carcinoma tissues by tissue culture and digestion methods. The cells were purified by differential adhesion method, and the primary cells were identified morphologically and immunocytochemically. The proliferation and invasion of two human gallbladder carcinoma cell lines (SBC-996 and GBC-SD) co-cultured with CAFs were detected by MTT and Transwell chamber assays.

RESULTSGallbladder carcinoma CAFs were isolated successfully by both tissue culture and enzyme digestion methods, and the latter method was more convenient and efficient. MTT and Transwell assays showed that CAFs significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of the two gallbladder carcinoma cell lines.

CONCLUSIONCAFs can promote the proliferation and invasion of gallbladder carcinoma cells in vitro, suggesting the important role of CAFs in the development of gallbladder carcinoma.

Carcinoma ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features of patients with gallbladder cancer from 17 hospitals in 5 Northwestern provinces (autonomous region) of China from 2009 to 2013.

METHODSA total of 2 379 cases with gallbladder cancer in 17 tertiary hospitals from 5 Northwestern provinces of China from January 2009 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data was collected by standardized "Questionnaire for Clinical Survey of Gallbladder Cancer in Northwestern Area of China". χ² test was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS(1) Gallbladder cancer from 17 hospitals accounted for 1.6%-6.8% of all bile tract diseases from 2009 to 2013 in Northwestern China, average was 2.7%. Gallbladder cancer accounted for 0.4%-0.9% of abdominal surgery, average was 0.7%. (2) The incidence of gallbladder cancer was higher in the aged females, the ration of female to male was 1.0 to 2.1. The average age of gallbladder cancer was (64 ± 11) years. The occupation of patients was mainly farmers (χ² = 147.10, P < 0.01). (3) 57.2% of the gallbladder cancers were associated with gallstones. (4) The main pathological patterns of gallbladder cancer were moderate and poor differentiated adenocarcinoma, showing an aggressive malignancy. TNM stage IV accounted for 55.1% of all cases, which was associated with the poor prognosis. (5) The curative resection rate was 30.4%.

CONCLUSIONSGallbladder cancer is common in the aged females and mainly at advanced stage. The screening and follow-up of high-risk groups with ultrasound and other methods regularly could increase the early diagnosis rate of gallbladder cancer, aggressive surgical resection combined with other comprehensive treatment could improve the prognosis of patients.

Adenocarcinoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Gallstones ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies