In this study, we have carried out a verification of 3 hyperglycemic models to confirm their potential application and to determine a suitable dose for each hyperglycemic agent. Results from our verification showed that the following hyperglycemic models can be used in screening and evaluating hypoglycemic action of natural products: hyperglycemic action using oral glucoses at 3g/kg. Hyperglycemic action using IM Adrenalin at 0.5 mg/kg. Hyperglycemic action using IV Streptozocin, at 70mg/kg causing human type II diabetes, at 100 m/kg causing human type I diabetes.
Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

: Restrictive action on hyperglycemia of stem of Momordica charantia L. on some models of experimental hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Raw or undercooked fish dishes are the major sources of human infection of fishborne trematodes (FBT) and the situation of metacercarial infection in fish greatly affect the prevalence in humans, especially those fish that are commonly used for raw consumption. To investigate the situation of infection with metacercaria of FBT in fish often used to prepare raw fish dishes by local people to assess the risk of infection to humans in Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. 345 fish belonging to five species of freshwater and one species of brackish water fish were collected from fishermen or small-scale fish dealers in Kim Son and Yen Khanh districts, Ninh Binh province between May 2017 and May 2018. Metacercaria of FBT was discovered by pepsin and hydrochloric acid digestion techniques and identified by the morphological and molecular analysis. Among examined fish, 44.06% infected with FBT metacercaria and the highest prevalence was in Cyprinus carpio (86.54%), Ctenopharyngodon idellus (78.43%) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (66.67%) while Konosirus punctatus – the brackish water fish – were free from infection. Three species of FBT were found; namely Haplorchis pumilio (accounting for 99.84% of collected metacercariae), Haplorchis taichui and Clonorchis sinensis. The average density was 1.06 metacercariae per gram of freshwater fish and the highest number was of C. idellus (6.38 cysts/gram) followed by Cirrhinus molitorella and C. carpio. Results of the study show the high prevalence of infection of FBT metacercariae among freshwater fish often used to prepare raw fish dishes in Ninh Binh province. These findings suggest the need for greater awareness of the risk from raw fish dishes among public health authorities and people.