In order to enhance the capability of antiserum production rabbits, Mycobacterium vaccae was used to stimulate rabbit’s immune system unspecifically before immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The results showed that only single immunization with Hib antigen: the number of rabbits had response fulfill depended-time requirements (harvested after 1 or 6 months) varied from 30% to 70%, harvesting time for antiserum with fulfilled quantity and quality was 24 weeks (6 months) (2 courses induced immunization). Stimulating rabbit’s immune system by M. vaccae, then inducing rabbit’s immunization with Hib antigen: the number of rabbits had response fulfiling requirements varied from 71.4% to 100%; harvesting time for antiserum with fulfilled quantity and quality was 5 weeks (only after 1 course induced immunization). Sensitivity and specificity of antiserum were unchanged
Mycobacterium ; Helicobacter pylori ; Immune Sera ; Adjuvants, Immunologic

34 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) of meningitis patients at National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, between 11/2002 and 12/2003 were biotyped, serotyped and analyzed by using PCR with specific primers, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with Smal restriction enzyme. The results showed that 24 of 34 Hib strains (70.6%) belong to biotype II; 8 of 34 (23.5%) belong to biotype I. PCR patterns with capsular polysaccharide type b specified primers of the 34 Hib strains were identical. DNA restriction patterns generated by PFGE (so-called PFGE patterns) of the 34 Hib strains were mainly distributed into 2 PFGE patterns. DNA restriction patterns had close relationship to biotype. The presence of PFGE patterns of Hib strains was not related to season
Haemophilus influenzae type b ; pathogenicity ; Haemophilus influenzae

Clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in 100 cases of confirmed B type of H.influenzae (Hib) meningititis were analysed in comparing with 105 cases of meningitis caused by other bacterial pathogens. The basic criteria for early diagnosis of Hib meningitis in under five year old children were found out. Results showed that 48.8% of cases of meningititis were due to Hib; 96% of CSF samples due to Hib had physiological change in comparing with 72.4% in meningitis due to other bacterial pathogens, in 92% there were clinical manifestations and biochemical/cytological typical changes in CSF, in 100% of cases of Hib meningitis(+), there were typical changes; 51% of cases there were positive blood culture and 47% there were Hib positive CSF and blood culture concurrently
Meningitis ; Child ; Haemophilus influenzae

Seventy-nice pediatric patient - family pairs were detected for Hib or Hib-antigen. The study also examined 22 pairs of H. influenzae strains isolated from CSF of patients and from upper respiratory tract of the family members of the patients to determine serotype, biotype, presence of Beta-lactamase, PCR with Hib-specified primers, and PFGE with SmaI restriction enzyme. The results showed that 44.4% of the patients` families had Hib carriers; all of 22 H. influenzae isolated pairs from patients and their families had serotype b; 17 of 22 pairs had characteristics of biotype II; 16 of 22 pairs had Beta-lactamase; and 9 of 22 pairs had both the PCR pattern and PFGE pattern. Close contact with Hib carriers was a factor of Hib meningitis contagiousness in children under 5 years of age
Family ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Meningitis ; child

Some techniques of detection of Hib were compared, including classic techniques such as bacterial culture and modern techniques such as PCR method. The results were as follows: 21% (+) culture with Hib compared to the total of clinically diagnosed cases, Hib-latex agglutination with 95% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity, counter immunophoresis assay to detect Hib by 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. PCR increased the number of positive cases of Hib meningitis by 42.8% compared to culture alone. Blood culture gave a highly significant value to diagnose (51% Hib-possitive culture)
Haemophilus influenza type b ; Meningitis ; methods ; diagnosis

The preliminary results showed that the immunotherapy with M.Vaccae may be very effective. 13 of 20 patients without immunotherapy (group A) have improved clinically, comparing with 22 improved patients of 22 patients with immunotherapy (group B), especially, 4 of 20 patients in group A had a relapse after treatment, and the difference of immune responses between 2 groups in the end of treatment could be found out.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Immunotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Diagnosis

In order to find out the relation between immune response and clinical changes in tuberculosis patient, and characters of CMI at the onset of the disease as well as the end of treatment, the follow-up of changes in cell mediated immune response (HIR). The study was carried out at different times before treatment [T2], and at the end of the treatment [T9] in 42 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Our results showed that only changes in CMI were significant and the pattern of cellular immune response was relative to the severity of the illness. In early-diagnosed patients (1-2 months) when the lymphoproliferative response in vitro increased, there was a enhancing factor in the patient's cell culture supernatant; whereas in late-diagnosed patients (6-12 months), when the lymphoproliferative response in vitro increased, there was a inhibitory factor. The patterns of soluble factor production was relative to effect of treatment (the patients whose mononuclear cells produced inhibitory factors at T9 were cured patients and no relapse found, the patients whose mononuclear cells still produced enhancing factors at T9 were uncured patients and could suffer from a relapse 3-6 months later).
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

The study was conducted to compare the molecular differences of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains causing meningitis in young children with H. influenzae strains causing acute upper respiratory tract infection, 44 Hib strains and 37 H. influenzae strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI restriction enzyme. The results: 44 Hib strains were mainly distributed into 4 DNA restriction patterns (PFGE patterns) whereas 37 H. influenzae strains were distributed into 22 patterns and 81% of them were not encapsulated. The genome of Hib strains causing bacterial meningitis showed less variation than that of H. influenzae causing acute upper respiratory infection. PFGE is a useful tool for epidemiological research.
Haemophilus influenza ; Child

Background/Introduction:The proportion of TS \u2013 Q96 ranges from 1/1500 \u2013 1.300 female newborns and about 3% of fetuses. In most of the world, TS can be diagnosed and treated at the early stages of pregnancies. In Vietnam, TS patients are frequently detected at the later stages with serious syndromes. TS diagnosis mainly relies on chromosomal analysis of amnion cells. Thus, prenatal diagnosis of TS is the rationale of this study.\r\n', u'Objectives: Utilize chromosomal analysis and FISH methods to diagnose Turner syndrome from amnion cells. \r\n', u'Subject and method: 30 pregnancies (from week 14-22) with high risks of TS, which were detected by ultrasound scan and triple test, 15 mil amnio fluid is withdrawn for the FISH technique from interphase amniocytes and amnio cultures, chromosomal analysis from metaphase cultured cells. \r\n', u'Results/Outcomes: Chromosomal analysis and FISH analysis give the same results: - 12/30 fetus with TS, 5/30 fetus with normal female results, \u2013 4/30 fetus with normal male normal results, \u2013 4/30 fetus with Down syndrome, \u2013 5/30 fetus with Edward syndrome. 11/12 TS fetus have large cystic hygromas, 9/11 cystic hygromas are separated. 12/12 TS fetus have triple test (+) with the threshold: APF \u2264 0.7 MoM, HCG \u2265 2 MoM, uE3 \u2264 0.7 MoM.\r\n', u'Conclusion:Chromosonal analysis and FISH are standards for diagnosing TS fetus. FISH can provide a quick result (48-72h). \r\n', u'
Turner syndrome (TS) ; Chromosome ; Fluorescence in site hybridization (FISH)

Several reports on taeniasis and cysticercosis in Vietnam show that they are distributed in over 50 of 63 provinces. In some endemic areas, the prevalence of taeniasis was 0.2-12.0% and that of cysticercosis was 1.0-7.2%. The major symptoms of taeniasis included fidgeted anus, proglottids moving out of the anus, and proglottids in the feces. Clinical manifestations of cysticercosis in humans included subcutaneous nodules, epileptic seizures, severe headach, impaired vision, and memory loss. The species identification of Taenia in Vietnam included Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium based on combined morphology and molecular methods. Only T. solium caused cysticercosis in humans. Praziquantel was chosen for treatment of taeniasis and albendazole for treatment of cysticercosis. The infection rate of cysticercus cellulosae in pigs was 0.04% at Hanoi slaughterhouses, 0.03-0.31% at provincial slaughterhouses in the north, and 0.9% in provincial slaughterhouses in the southern region of Vietnam. The infection rate of cysticercus bovis in cattle was 0.03-2.17% at Hanoi slaughterhouses. Risk factors investigated with regard to transmission of Taenia suggested that consumption of raw meat (eating raw meat 4.5-74.3%), inadequate or absent meat inspection and control, poor sanitation in some endemic areas, and use of untreated human waste as a fertilizer for crops may play important roles in Vietnam, although this remains to be validated.
Albendazole/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use ; Cattle/parasitology ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Cysticercosis/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Feces/parasitology ; Humans ; Meat/parasitology ; Praziquantel/*therapeutic use ; Raw Foods/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Swine/parasitology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Vietnam/epidemiology