Objective To observe the features of a rare Miao pedigree of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Yunnan province and to reserve its gene. Methods Three patients of this pedigree were reported. Their clinical and biochemical features were compared with those of the other pedigree members. Lymphocytes from main members of this pedigree were collected and transformed with cyclosporine A methods. Immortalized B lymphocyte strains were checked by means of chromosome karyotype analysis. Results Patients of this pedigree demonstrated typical clinical characteristics of this syndrome with increased body weight, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipoprotein(a)as compared with the other pedigree members(P＜0. 05). The chromosome karyotype of the lymphocytes before and after transformation was kept consistent. Conclusions Patients of this Miao pedigree showed typical clinical characteristics of this syndrome as well as abnormal metabolic features. Immortalized B lymphocyte strains with their genetic information were set successfully.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary stretch reflex plays an important role in regulation of respiratory movement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulmonary stretch reflex on lung injury in rabbits with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: ARDS rabbits were given intratracheal infusion of hydrochloric acid and ventilated with neurally adjusted ventilatory assistance (NAVA) with a tidal volume (VT) of 6 mL/kg and the electrical activity of diaphragm (EAdi)-determined positive end expiratory pressure. After isolation of the bilateral vagusnerve trunk, the rabbits were randomized into two groups: sham operation (SHAM) group (n=5) and bilateral vagotomy (VAG) group (n=5). Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were detected at baseline, after lung injury and 1, 2, and 3 hours after ventilation respectively. Pulmonary permeability index, pathological changes and inflammatory response were also measured. RESULTS: Compared with the SHAM group, PaO2/FiO2 in the VAG group decreased significantly 2 and 3 hours after ventilation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the SHAM and VAG groups (P>0.05), and the VAG group had a high VT, peak pressure (Ppeak), and mean pressure (Pm) compared with the SHAM group 1, 2, 3 hours after ventilation (P<0.05). Compared to the SHAM group, dead space fraction (VD/VT) and respiratory system elastance (Ers) in the VAG group increased (P<0.05) and static pulmonary compliance (Cst) decreased markedly (P<0.05) after ventilation for 3 hours. Lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) (8.4±1.2 vs. 6.6±1.0), lung injury score (6.3±1.8 vs. 3.8±1.3), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (779±372 pg/mL vs. 355±130 pg/mL) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (169±21 pg/mL vs. 118±17 pg/mL) increased significantly in the VAG group compared with the SHAM group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lung injury is aggravated after bilateral vagotomy, demonstrating that pulmonary stretch reflex may have protective effect on the lung.

Animals ; Borrelia burgdorferi ; genetics ; China ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rodentia ; microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo investigative vacA, cagA and iceA genes dominant genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Guangzhou area.

METHODSTotally 105 children who underwent gastroscopy in Guangzhou Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. From each patient, 3 biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum were taken, one was used for rapid urease test, one for histological examination, and one for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting ureA, vacA, cagA, and iceA genes. DNA was prepared directly from the biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum using a QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then 11 primers were used for detecting the genotypes including ureas, (s1, s1a, s1b, s1c, s2) and m (m1, m1T, m2) region of vacA, cagA and iceA (iceA1 and iceA2) genotypes in the 105 children. The distribution of the genotypes of Hp was analyzed.

RESULTAmong the 105 children, only 52 children were positive by the three methods, among these 52 children, 26 were boys and 26 girls. Hp vacA s1as1c/m2 was detected in 43 out of 52 children (82.7%), s1as1c/m1T in 9.6% (5/52), m region that could not betyped was 7.7% (4/52). No strains presented genotypes vacA s1b, s2, m1. The comparison of the positive ratio of vacA s1as1 c/m2 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other combination of signal region and middle region was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01). With regard to cagA gene, cagA(+) gene and cagA(-) gene were found in 90.4% (47/52) and 9.6% (5/52) of the children, respectively. The cagA(+) gene was more frequent in the children infected with Hp. Single iceA1 was detected in 78.8% (41/52) children, and single iceA2 was detected to be 1.9% (1/52), multiple strains infection of iceA1 and iceA2 were detected in 3.8% (2/52) children, iceA1 and iceA2 were not detected in 15.4% (8/52), the comparison of the positive ratio of iceA1 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other genotypes was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes of Hp in the children in Guangzhou area and s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes combination of Hp in the children in this area.

Antigens, Bacterial ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; drug effects ; genetics ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyloric Antrum ; microbiology

Objective To monitor the co-infection status of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (R.b.s.1) and spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) in tourist areas of Heilongjiang province.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B.b.s.1 and ompA of SFGR in ticks,dynamically collected from tourist areas of Heilongjiang province in 2010.Amplification products from positive ticks were sequenced,and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by Mega 5.0 software package.Results 849 ticks were collected from two tourist points,with the dominant ticks in Tiger Mountain and Jingpo Lake were Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna.Regarding the Ixodes persulcatus from Tiger Mountain,the infection rates of B.b.s.1 and SFGR were 26.15％ and 10.05％.The infection rate of SFGR was 13.33％ in Haemaphysalis concinna and the B.b.s.1 was tndiscovered in the same ticks from Jingpo Lake.However,the co-infection could only be detected in Ixodes persulcatus of both tourist areas.Surveillance data showed that the major ticks were more likely to be appeared in July at Tiger Mountain and in June at Jingpo Lake.Data from the sequence analysis on B.b.s.1 showed that the B.b.s.1 in tourist areas could be classified into three different genotypes,other than B.garinii and B.afzelii.We first detected B.valaisiana-like group genotype in northeast of China.Results from the sequence analysis of SFGR positive products showed that the two DNA sequences of newly detected agents were completely the same as Rickettsia sp.HL-93 which was detected in Hulin and Rickettsia sp.H820 found in northeast,China.Conclusion The co-infection of B.b.s.1 and SFGR was detected in ticks from the tourist areas of Heilongjiang province,and data from the sequencing of specific fragment showed that various kinds of genotypes existed in this area.However; the rates of co-infectionitis-different according to environment,time and population that contributed to the kinds of and the index of ticks existed in the surveys points,also the infection rate of the ticks was studied.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance analysis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD), so as to guide clinical medication. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in Shanxi Dayi Hospital. Totally 1173 cases of AECOPD patients, hospitalized with infection from September 2013 to August 2018, were included. Then relevant laboratory data was collected, including sputum culture, drug sensitivity test, and some commonly used laboratory results. The data was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 231 strains were isolated in 1173 AECOPD patients,the mian pathogenic bacteria were Gram-negative bacteria(115, 49.7%), fungi(66, 28.6%), Gram-positive bacteria(48, 20.8%),other bacteria(2, 0.9%). Drug-resistant strains of producing ESBLs mainly included Acinetobacter(88.9%), Escherichia coli(87.5%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(70.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(19.4%). The drug-resistance of Acinetobacter to carbapenems and quinolones was more than 70%. The drug-resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones was 87.5%. The drug-resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and first and second generation cephalosporins was 66.7%. The drug-resistance of Staphylococcus to penicillin and first and second generation cephalosporins, quinolones and methicillin was 92.3%, 76.9% and 46.2%, respectively. In all Gram-positive bacteria, drug-resistant strains for Vancomycin and linezolid can't be found. The positive rate of bacteria in the group of PaO_2≤60 mmHg(37.3%) was higher than that in the group of PaO_2> 60 mmHg(8.8%). The detection rate of bacteria in the WBC≥10×10~9/L group(18.7%), NLR≥7.3 group(19.7%)and PCT>0.5 ng/mL group(50.7%),which in turn was higher than that in the WBC<10×10~9/L group(12.7%), NLR<7.3 group(12.0%) and PCT≤0.5 ng/mL group(23.9%). The detection rate of bacteria in the Neu%≤75% group, Neu%(76%～90%) group and Neu%>90% group was 10.6%, 16.9% and 30.1%, respectively. The results of trend chi-square test showed that the detection rate of bacteria increased with the decrease of PaO_2 and the increase of WBC, Neu%, NLR and PCT. CONCLUSION: The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in sputum culture of AECOPD are serious, and the distribution of pathogens in AECOPD patients with different levels of PaO_2, WBC, Neu%, NLR and PCT was different. Therefore, we should pay more attention to sputum culture and some commonly used laboratory results in AECOPD patients, so as to provide the basis for the clinical medication.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cellular and humoral immunity effect of 10 µg and 20 µg recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hepatitis B vaccine in adults by randomized double-blind controlled trials.

METHODA total of 642 adults aged 18 - 45 years old, non-vaccinated against hepatitis B, and hepatitis B five blood indicators negative were selected as the study subjects. The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups and each group had 321 subjects. The subjects were given 10 µg and 20 µg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccination respectively by 0, 1st, 6th month schedule. Blood sample was collected from each study subject one month after the second dose vaccination. The anti-HBs level was detected by Abbott chemiluminescence detection method (I2000) to evaluate humoral immunity status. Of all the study objects, 153 cases were randomly selected by the Excel random function. Their blood samples were collected and Lymphocyte were separated to detect the IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in vitro by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) method to evaluate the cellular immunity status.

RESULTSThe anti-HBs seroconversion rates in 10 µg and 20 µg dose group were 88.8% (285/321) and 95.3% (306/321) respectively, and 95%CI were 85.4% - 92.2% and 93.0% - 97.6% respectively. The spot forming cell (SFC) of IL-4 of the 20 µg-dose group (x(-) = 20.31) were significantly higher than the 10 µg-dose group (x(-) = 8.19, t = 3.27, P < 0.01). With the increasing of anti-HBs titer, the SFC of IL-4 also went up significantly. There was a positive correlation between SFC of IL-4 and anti-HBs (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.538, P < 0.0001). No significant difference was found for IFN-γ SFC in two groups (10 µg group: x(-) = 1.49; 20 µg group: x(-) = 0.86; t = 1.83, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe humoral and cellular immune effects of 20 µg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccine are better than that of the 10 µg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccine.20 µg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccine should be chosen as the adult's hepatitis B prevention vaccine.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between smoking status and carotid plaque in rural population residing in Eastern part of China.

METHODSBetween July and September of 2013, an epidemiological survey was carried out in residents aged 40 or above men who were enrolled randomly in rural areas of Anqing, Anhui province and Lianyungang, Jiangsu province. The data on epidemiological characteristics including smoking status, physical examination were collected using standardized protocol, and carotid ultrasonography was applied to examine the incidence of carotid plaque among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers. Logistic regress analysis was performed to determine the effect of smoking on carotid plaque.

RESULTSIn the study, a total of 625 male participants were included in the study. 51.4% (321 cases) were current smokers, 21.3% (133 cases) were former smokers, and 27.4% (171 cases) were never smokers. 32.0% (200/625) had carotid plaque. The incidence of carotid plaques was significantly higher in current smokers (35.2%, 113/321) than that in never smokers(23.4%,40/171) (χ(2) = 7.26, P = 0.007) and the incidence in former smokers (35.3%, 47/133) was also higher than that in never smokers (23.4%, 40/171) (χ(2) = 5.23, P = 0.022). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current cigarette smoking is significantly associated with the increased risk of carotid plaque (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.13-2.98, P = 0.014) in comparison with never smokers, and there was an interaction between current smoking and age in association with carotid plaque. Compared with the young (≤60 years old) and never smoking group (8%, 3/40), prevalence of carotid plaque among the elderly (>70 years old) and smoking group (55%, 31/56) was significantly higher (OR = 8.06, 95% CI: 2.07-31.45) after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, drinking and regional differences.

CONCLUSIONIt found that cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of carotid plaque in rural elderly population residing in Eastern part of China.

Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Stenosis ; China ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Smoking ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: Due to airway remodeling and emphysematous destruction in the lung, the two classical clinical phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are emphysema and bronchiolitis. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of small airway immunoglobulin A (IgA) in COPD with "emphysema phenotype." The study also evaluated the associations between the small airway IgA levels and the severity of disease by the extent of emphysema versus airflow limitation. METHODS: Thirty patients (20 with COPD and ten healthy smokers) undergoing lung resection surgery for a solitary peripheral nodule were included. The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Shanxi Dayi Hospital. The presence of small airway IgA expression was determined in the lung by immunohistochemistry. In vivo, Wistar rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. Rats were sacrificed at 15 and 30 days after exposure of silica (n = 10 for each group). We also evaluated airway IgA from rats. RESULTS: Small airway secretory IgA (sIgA), dimeric IgA (dIgA), and dIgA/sIgA of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade 1-2 COPD patients showed no difference compared with smoking control subjects (5.15 ± 1.53 vs. 6.03 ± 0.85; 1.94 ± 0.66 vs. 1.67 ± 0.04; 41.69 ± 21.02 vs. 28.44 ± 9.45, all P > 0.05). dIgA/sIgA level in the lung of COPD patients with emphysema showed higher levels than that of COPD patients without emphysema (51.89 ± 24.81 vs. 31.49 ± 9.28, P = 0.03). The percentage of low-attenuation area below 950 Hounsfield units was positively correlated with dIgA/sIgA levels (r = 0.45, P = 0.047), but not associated with the severity of disease by spirometric measurements (forced expiratory volume in the first second %pred, P > 0.05). Likewise, in the rat study, significant differences in sIgA, dIgA, dIgA/sIgA, mean linear intercept, mean alveoli number, and mean airway thickness of bronchioles (VV airway, all P < 0.01) were only observed between control rats and those exposed for 30 days. However, in the group exposed for 15 days, although the VV airway was higher than that in normal rats (27.61 ± 2.26 vs. 20.39 ± 1.99, P < 0.01), there were no significant differences in IgA and emphysema parameters between the two groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Airway IgA concentrations in mild and moderate COPD patients are directly associated with the severity of COPD with "emphysema phenotype" preceding severe airway limitation. This finding suggests that small airway IgA might play an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD, especially emphysema phenotype.

Objective To evaluate the immuno-effect and related influencing factors on 10 μg and 20 μg Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hepatitis B vaccine, using the randomized double-blind controlled trials in adult population. Methods A total of 642 adults aged 18-45 years old, non-vaccinated against hepatitis B, and negative on five blood indicators for hepatitis B, were selected as the study objects from four districts in Beijing. The study objects were randomly divided into two groups, and then accepted 10 tg and 20 μg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccination by 0-1-6 month schedule. Influencing factors were investigated by means of questionnaire. Blood samples were collected one month after the third dose of vaccination. Anti-HBs level was detected by Abott chemiluminescence detection method. For the anti-HBs negative person, fluorescent quantitative PCR method was used to find out if the person had been infected with HBV. Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the influencing factors of anti-HBs seroconversion on every studied subject. Results The anti-HBs seroconversion rates on 10 μg and 20 μg dose groups were 88.8%(95%CI: 85.4%-92.2%) and 95.3%(95%CI: 93.0%-97.6%)respectively. Taking the anti-HBs level＜100 mIU/ml as the low/non-response standard, the low response and non-response rates were 34.3% and 17.4% respectively. The geometric mean titers(GMT)of anti-HBs were 173.42 mIU/ml for the 10 μg dose group and 588.51 mIU/ml for the 20 μg dose group. Data from the Multivariate analysis showed that: diabetes, spouses infected with hepatitis B virus and old age were unfavorable factors for anti-HBs Seroconversion. 20 μg dose of the vaccine was conducive to seroconversion.Conclusion 20 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine seemed better than 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine while many factors need to be taken into account for evaluation on hepatitis B vaccines.