Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with occult breast cancer ( OBC) , as well as to explore the best treatment .Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with OBC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed , while 320 cases with other kind of breast cancer were the control group .Results Axillary mass was the first sign of the 72 patients with OBC.The diagnosis rate of MRI was higher than mammary graphy ( 71.4% vs 53.5%) .The difference had statistical significance (χ2 =11.876, P=0.001) .The characteristics of OBC with axillary lymph node metastasis was mainly moderately or low differenti -ated, usually with diffuse infiltrative cancer cells , flaky, like large Apocrine cells.Compared with the control group, the positive rate of CK7, CK20 and TTF-1 had no statistical differences (χ2 =0.058, P=0.810).The posi-tive rate of ER and PR was 46.7% and 36.7%, lower than the control group (χ2 =4.535, P=0.033).Clinical stage, operating method and the number of lymph node metastasis may be the independent factors influencing prog -nosis.Conclusions Axillary mass is the first symptom of OBC .To combine MRI with immunohistochemistry is helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease .The positive rate of ER and PR for OBC patients is low.Modified radical mastectomy combined with adjuvant therapy may be the better choice .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioma ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the microvascular distribution of the transmidline scapular flap supplied by the contralateral circumflex scapular artery.

METHODSThe integument and deep tissues of 6 fresh cadavers were dissected and radiographed after vermilion mixture was injected to the unilateral circumflex scapular artery.

RESULTSThe vascular tree passed the midline and reached to the contralateral acromion. The vessel density was the highest in the irrigating side of the back, which was higher in the middle area. In the contralateral side,the high vessel density concentrated in the upper part of the back.

CONCLUSIONSThe result revealed the direct evidence for the clinical application of the transmidline scapular flap. In design and elevating of the transmidline scapular flap, it should be slanting to the upper part of the contralateral back.

Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Cadaver ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scapula ; transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hemodynamic changes of an over-midline axial flap.

METHODSAn over-midline axial flap, based on the iliac artery and veins, was raised on the back of each selected Wistar rat (n = 30), vascularied by contralateral. The flap size is 7 cm x 3 cm. The over-midline part is 3 cm x 3 cm. A laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to evaluate the hemodynamic changes preoperatively, and 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after the operation respectively.

RESULTSAll of the flaps survived well. But, in the first three days after the operation, the blood perfusion of the flap in the areas of the midline and the distal part was significantly lower than the preoperation's level. Thereafter, the values of the blood perfusion started to increase till to the maximum 7 days after the operation. On the 14 days after the operation, the vascular structures was axially matched to the base of the flap. In the distal part of the flap, the choke vessels were gradually opened and resulted in the blood perfusion to the normal level.

CONCLUSIONThe hemodynamic changes of the over-midline axial flap transmidline flap could occur to match the need of the base of the flap.

Animals ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo perform the genetic identification of cloche(172) mutant zebrafish.

METHODSThe chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) was used to treat the AB stain male fish. Large-scale forward genetic screening was carried out to search for lyC-deficient zebrafish mutant by WISH. The morphology changes of the embryos at 3 days postfertilization (3dpf) stage were observed and the cloche(172) gene was identified by mapping and complementation test.

RESULTSWe selected 4 lyC-deficient zebrafish by WISH. cloche(172) mutant showed morphological changes similar to cloche mutant in 3dpf stage. One fourth of the embryos showed cloche phenotype as found in complementation test, and the cloche(172) gene was mapped on the telomere of zebrafish 13 chromosome where cloche gene was located. Numerous red blood cells were observed in the cloche(172) mutant, while only a few cells were found in the cloche mutant in the tail region by o-dianisdine staining.

CONCLUSIONcloche(172) gene which is responsible for the phenotype of cloche mutant may be a novel point mutation allele of the cloche mutant.

Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; embryology ; metabolism ; Ethylnitrosourea ; toxicity ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Male ; Muramidase ; genetics ; Mutation ; Zebrafish ; embryology ; genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression of SV40Tag, Rb and IRS-1 in gliomas and to identify their function in gliomagenesis and progression.

METHODSTissue microarrays were constructed containing 118 samples including human glioma and meningioma, experimental glioma, and normal human brain tissue. The expression of SV40Tag, Rb, IRS-1, SV40Tag combined with Rb, and SV40Tag combined with IRS-1 were assayed by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical techniques. The expression ratio and level were analyzed.

RESULTSThe expressions of SV40Tag, Rb and IRS-1 were detected in gliomas and benign brain tumors. Their positive expression rate in glioma was 65.9%, 64.6% and 48.8%, respectively, with a statistically non-significant difference between the malignant and benign brain tumors. The malignant degree was positively correlated with SV40Tag and IRS-1, but negatively correlated with Rb expression. The combined expression rate of SV40Tag and Rb was 51.2%, and the combined expression rate of SV40Tag and IRS-1 was 40.2%. In the normal human brain tissue only the expression of Rb (77.8%, 7/9) and IRS-1 (22.2%, 2/9) were detected, but expression of SV40Tag could not be observed.

CONCLUSIONOur findings that no expression of SV40Tag was observed in normal human brain tissue indicates that expression of SV40Tag may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma. It may be assumed that after SV40 virus invading human body, Rb disfunction and IRS-1 activation promote the malignant transformation of cells, which could be one of important factors in pathogenesis and procession of glioms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Meningioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; metabolism ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEMutation screening was performed to a Chinese family with hypokalaemic periodic paraiysis(HOKPP) for locating the corresponding mutations of gene and for specifying the clinical features associated with mutations.

METHODSThe cilnical features of patients from HOKPP family were summurized. Techniques of target exon PCR and direct sequencing were used to screen the mutation in CACNA1S and SCN4A genes in all numbers of the family.

RESULTSTwo patients of the family showed the typical features of HOKPP: the age of disease onset is during the childhood, acetazolamide is effective to patients treated. A heterozygous point mutation 3716 (G>A) causing R1239H was found in exon 30 of CACNA1S gene of the patients, but not found in normal members of the family.

CONCLUSIONThe mutant R1239H in CACNA1S gene exists in Chinese patients with familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

A gene appA encoding a novel phytase was firstly cloned from Hafnia alvei by PCR and sequenced. The gene was consisted of 1335 bp, encoding 444 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight of the mature APPA was about 45.2 kD. The gene appA was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant APPA was purified and its enzymatic properties were determined. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 4.5 and the optimum temperature was 60 degrees C. The pH stability of r-APPA is good, the relative phytase activity was above 80% after treated in buffers of pH 2.0-10.0. The specific activity of r-APPA is 356.7 U/mg, and the Km value was 0.49 mmol/L and Vmax of 238 U/mg. The enzyme showed resistance to pepsin and trypsin treatment.
6-Phytase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hafnia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Temperature

In order to improve the fermentation potency of phytase in recombinant host and decrease the production cost, the pichia expression vector pGAPZalpha-A was modified by introduction of an AOX1 promoter from vector pPIC9 and the resulted vector pAOXZalpha is an methanol induced vector. After that, a phytase gene appA-m was cloned into pAOXZalpha to construct the recombinant vector pAOXZalpha-appA-m. The recombinant Pichia pastoris 74#, which already contains one copy of appA-m and its fermentation potency exceeded 7.5 x 10(6) IU/mL, was used as the host strain for the transformation of pAOXZalpha-appA-m. The Pichia pastoris transformants were gained by electroporation. PCR results indicated that the appA-m expression box has integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris and the original construction of phytase gene has not changed. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that phytase was overexpressed and secreted into the medium supernatant. Recombinants with high expression level were screened and used for fermentation. In 5L fermentor, the expression level of phytase protein achieved 4 mg/mL and the phytase activity (fermentation potency) exceeded 1.2 x 10(7) IU/mL, which was about 1.6-fold compared with that of the host strain 74#. Moreover, the improved recombinant Pichia pastoris is excellent at expression stability and heredity stability.
6-Phytase ; genetics ; Fermentation ; Gene Dosage ; Pichia ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the advantage of fir bark splint for the treatmet of distal radius fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2008, 80 cases were randomly divided into two groups and treated by fir bark splint fixation or plaster fixation. There were 40 cases in the fir bark splint group, including 18 males and 22 females with an average age of 45.2 years ranging from 20 to 66 years. There were 40 cases in the plaster group, including 19 males and 21 females with an average age of 44.1 years ranging from 23 to 65 years. Four weeks after manipulative reduction and external fixation, the fixtion effect, function recovery, bone mineral density of secondly metacarpus were obsearved by X-ray film, and the clinical effect were evaluated according to healing time ahead of schedule.

RESULTSAs compared between the two groups, the fixation effect of the fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -2.844, P = 0.004 < 0.05); the function recovery of the fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -3.196, P = 0.001 < 0.05); the bone mineral density of secondly metacarpus of the fir bark splint group were better than that of plaster group (t = 4.56, P < 0.001); the curative effect of fir bark splint group was better than that of the plaster group (Z = -2.601, P = 0.009 < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFir bark splint could effectively keep fixation stability and promote fracture healing as well as function recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Casts, Surgical ; External Fixators ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Splints