Objective To investigate the relationship between interlukin-10(IL-10)gene polymorphisms and acute kidney injury(AKI)and its related mechanisms.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with AKI admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023,who were selected as the study group.Following the 1∶1 pairing principle,100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were included as the control group.General data,IL-10 genotypes,and gene frequency distributions of the two groups were compared.The factors influencing AKI were assessed using a logistic regression analysis,and the interaction between IL-10gene polymorphisms and conventional risk factors was analyzed using multifactor dimension reduction(MDR).Results The quantitative values of serum creatinine(sCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and urine protein in the study group were higher than those in the control group.The proportion of the GG genotype at IL-10-1082 was lower than that in the control group,and the proportions of the AA genotype and A allele were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that BUN(OR=4.487),urinary protein quantitation(OR=5.905),sCr(OR=3.573),AA genotype at position 1082(OR=4.823),and the A allele(OR=4.479)were risk factors for AKI(P<0.05).Interaction display,IL-10-1082 polymorphism×sCr,IL-10-1082 polymor-phism×BUN,IL-10-1082 polymorphism×urinary protein quantification,and IL-10-1082 polymorphism×sCr×BUN×urinary protein quantification models exhibited good accuracy and cross-consistency(P<0.05).Conclusion IL-10gene polymorphisms are strongly associated with the development of AKI.