Cyclosporin (CsA)is a potent immunosuppressive agent and is used for prevention of corneal graft rejection.In vitro effects of CsA on the cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells and the rat corneal button were investigated. Rabbit corneal endothelial cells were cultured in the medium containing C s A (5 microgram/ml, 500ng/ml, 50ng/ml, or 5ng/ml)for 48hr.The incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells was determined.Fresh corneal buttons were obtained from Lewis rats.Each button was divided into 4 quadrants and incubated in Optisol medium containing CsA, Cremophore (solvent of CsA), pred-nisolone 0.1 microgram/ml, or Optisol alone for 48hr.The above 4 different concen-trations of CsA were used in different corneal buttons.After incubation corneal buttons were stained with PAS and endothelial cells were stained with Alizarin red S.Results showed that thymidine counts were lower in these media containing CsA.Endothelial membrane was also disrupted in the media containing CsA > or=5 0 n g /ml.In conclusion, corneal medium contain-ing CsA may induce damage to the endothelium in vitro.
Animals ; Cyclosporine* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium ; Membranes ; Rats ; Thymidine ; Transplants

PURPOSE: We reported a case of squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic herpetic keratitis treated with Mitomycin C. METHODS: In a patient with 13-year recurrent chronic herpetic keratitis, we diagnosed invasive squamous cell carcinoma in papillary mass with no response of previous treatment by conjunctival biopsy. RESULTS: After surgical removal and chemotherapy of 0.04% topical Mitomycin C, the eye showed histopathological resolution of squamous cell carcinoma.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Mitomycin

PURPOSE: To study visual prognosis and postoperative refractive status and complications after in the bag implantation of newly-introduced hydrophilic acrylic lens (ACR6D, CORNEAL(R) Co. France). METHODS: This study was a retrospective medical record review that in experimental group (50 eyes) we implanted CORNEAL(R)lens in the bag and in control group (50 eyes) we did Acrysof(R) lens after phacoemulsification by one surgeon. We checked automated refraction or manifest refraction of all patients and defined refractive error was a subtraction of preoperative desired refraction from postoperative spherical equivalent. RESULTS: In experimental group, best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) was 0.11+/-0.13 at 2 months after surgery and 0.13+/-0.11 at 6 months. In control group, that was 0.14+/-0.17 at 2 months after surgery and 0.21+/-0.30 at 6 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In experimental group, refractive error was -0.56+/-0.73 diopter (D) at 2 months after surgery and -0.41+/-0.90 D at 6 months. In control group, that was 0.14+/-0.80 D at 2 months after surgery and 0.24+/-0.67 D at 6 months. There was a statistically significant difference of refractive error between the two groups at 2 months and 6 month after surgery (p=0, p=0.03). In experimental group, the rate of postoperative lens epithelial cell proliferation contiguous to continuous circular capsulorhexis was higher than those in control group (p=0). CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant difference of postoperative visual acuity between CORNEAL(R) and Acrysof(R) lens implanted in the bag after phacoemulsification. But mean refractive error in eyes implanted with CORNEAL(R) lens was -0.56 D at 2 month after surgery, -0.41 D at 6 month and we recommended preoperative desired refraction of CORNEAL(R) lens should be more hyperopic and postoperative lens epithelial cell proliferation be checked carefully.
Capsulorhexis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Phacoemulsification ; Prognosis ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To conform the effectiveness of Cyclosporin(CsA) in penetrating keratoplasty(PKP), we compared the survival rate of grafts between CsA-used group and CsA-unused group(control group) in high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: High risk cornea was defined as vascularization in 3 or 4 quadrants, recurrent graft or corneal surface disease. We reviewed the 74 eyes(74 patients) which received penetrating keratoplasty with high risk cornea, and compared the survival rate between CsA-used group and control group. RESULT: Twenty-nine of the 74 patients were treated with CsA(17 patients with topical CsA and 12 with oral CsA ). The survival rate of CsA-used group was not superior to that of control group. CONCLUSION: CsA seems not to be effective in graft survival of high risk PKP.
Cornea ; Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid isa chronic, progressive disease characterized by cicatricial shrinkage of the conjunctiva, entropion, trichiasis, xerosis, and finally reduced vision from corneal opacification. It is a relatively rare, autoimmune disease. In the early stages, it can be easily overlooked as simple chronic conjunctivitis, so it can be untreated. We report a case of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid that resulted in significant morbidity. We were able to control the progression of cicatrization with aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctivitis ; Entropion ; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Trichiasis ; Vision, Low

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Is a cell-surface glycoprotein that may regulate leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, leukocyte migration into the tissues, and leukocyte trafficking with target cells during inflammation and immune responses. Expression of ICAM-1 have been observed in diseased cornea, and it has been reported that expression on corneal cells is increased in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We investigated expression of ICAM-1 by various cytokines on cultured rabbit keratocytes and effect of dexamethasone on cytokine-induced ICAM 1 expression, using an ELISA technique. Cultured rabbit keratocytes were incubated for 24hrs with INF-gamma 10ng/ml, TNF-alpha 10ng/ml IL-1beta 5ng/ml, TGF beta 5ng/ml, with or without 0.1micromiter Dexamethasone. Rabbit keratocytes treated with cytokine or dexamethasone were incubated with antral-ICAM-1 for 15 hours. Expression of ICAM-1 was measured with ELISA technique. As a result, expression of ICAM-1 was increased in rabbit keratocytes stimulated with INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, not IL-1beta, and dexamethasone inhibited expression of ICAM-1 in cells stimulated with INF-gamma, TNF-alpha. This results are helpful to understand the role of ICAM-1 in the pathophysiology of inflammatory corneal diseases and the action mechanism of glucocorticosteroids. Further study about expression of ICAM-1 and their regulation & modulation may lead to new therapies in treating inflammatory corneal diseases.
Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Cytokines* ; Dexamethasone* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glycoproteins ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Leukocytes ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A total of 80 cases undergone the routine phacoemulsification and the posterior chamber lens implantation under various topical anesthetics have been studied. The patients were divided into four groups from A to D and administered as follows : 4% lidocaine for 20 patients in group A, 4% lidocaine plus 0.5% proparacaine for 20 patients in group B, 0.1% diclofenac sodium plus 4% lidocaine for 20 patients in group C, 0.1% diclofenac sodium plus 0.5% proparacaine for 20 patients in group D. They were instilled into conjunctival sac at 20 minutes, 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes and just before surgery. We also measured corneal thickness preoperatively, immediately after the operation, postoperative one week and observed corneal status during the operation and the pain score during surgery using a visual analogue scale. There was no statistical difference of corneal thickness among the groups. The pain score during surgery did not show any statistical significance. The topical anesthetics is a safe and convenient method for cataract surgery.
Anesthetics* ; Cataract ; Diclofenac ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Phacoemulsification*

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by central serous retinal detachment. It occurs usually in young adult male, and bilateral involvement is uncommon. We have experienced bilateral CSC occurred in a 33 year old male patient with chronic tibial osteomyelitis. We treated only the right eye with krypton laser to compare the course of laser treated eye with untreated opposite eye. There was no difference between the course of two eyes in our case.
Adult ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Humans ; Krypton ; Male ; Osteomyelitis* ; Retinal Detachment ; Young Adult

We evaluated corneal swelling induced by extended wear contact lenses(EWCLs) in New Zealand white rabbits domestically available in Korea. At first, we measured the corneal thickness prior to contact lens wearing with ultrasonic pachometer and examined the condition of the anterior segment of the eye. Then four soft EWCLs, one rigid gas permeable lens, and one disposable lens were applied on the corneas of the rabbits for 24 hours in closed eye condition achieved by transient tarsorrhapy. After 24 hours, the corneal thickness was remeasured and the condition of the external eye was reexamined to compare with the initial values. Conclusively, corneal swelling was developed after 24hour wearing of EWCLs in all rabbits. The percent corneal thickness changes decreased inthe following order; Ciba soft(Cooper Vision) 27.54%. Hyper II(International Contact Lens Lab.) 21.99%, Bescon III(International Contact Lens Lab.) 16.15%, Ciba thin(Cooper Vision) 14.22%, Optima FW(Bash and Lomb) 13.79%, Acuvue(Johnson and Johnson). The control group whitch did not wear any contact lens showed no change in the corneal thickness(p>0.05). The results of corneal swelling correlated well with the DK/L of each EWCLs. This experiment revealed that the EWCLs used widly in Korea could induce corneal swelling and so careful evaluation 0f the EWCLs wearers may be required.
Contact Lenses* ; Cornea ; Korea ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonics

The authors studied the results of 134 eyes(108 patients)with myopia ranging from -6.00 to -24.125D, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, refractive error, after 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year. They received excimer laser in situ keratomileusis changing the nomogram(groupI:80~90% of PRK, II:100%, III:105%)with Visx 20/20 and the Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome from Jan.1996. Mean age was 29.9 year old(20~48 year old). Men were 38 eyes, women were 70 eyes. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -11.34D+/-3.94D and mean postoperative spherical equivalents(SE)of group III at 1, 3, 6 months, 1 year were -0.27D+/-1.05D, -0.44D+/-1.08D, -0.63D+/-1.21D, -0.81D+/-1.23D. In group 3, SE of -6D ~ -10D(A), -10D ~ -13D(B)and -13D~(C)after 1 year were -0.39D+/-0.57D, -0.68 D+/-0.98D, -1.94D+/-1.90D respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity after 1, 3, 6 months, 1 year was 0.5 or better in 76, 85, 76, 76%, and 0.8 or better in 46, 49, 49, 51% respectively. 42 eyes(71%) within 1D of attempted correction in group III. Best corrected visual acuity did not change in most eyes, 6 eyes(4.4% of 134 eyes)lost two or more of spectacle corrected visual acuity. No sight-threatening complications occurred intraoperatively. Postoperative complications included 29 eyes(21%)of interface foreign body, 16 eyes(12%)of night glare, 16 eyes(12%)of cap microwrinkling. Corneal haze did not be noted. LASIK for high myopia was safe method, but myopic regression observed after 1 year.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Foreign Bodies ; Glare ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Male ; Myopia* ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity