Cyclosporin (CsA)is a potent immunosuppressive agent and is used for prevention of corneal graft rejection.In vitro effects of CsA on the cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells and the rat corneal button were investigated. Rabbit corneal endothelial cells were cultured in the medium containing C s A (5 microgram/ml, 500ng/ml, 50ng/ml, or 5ng/ml)for 48hr.The incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells was determined.Fresh corneal buttons were obtained from Lewis rats.Each button was divided into 4 quadrants and incubated in Optisol medium containing CsA, Cremophore (solvent of CsA), pred-nisolone 0.1 microgram/ml, or Optisol alone for 48hr.The above 4 different concen-trations of CsA were used in different corneal buttons.After incubation corneal buttons were stained with PAS and endothelial cells were stained with Alizarin red S.Results showed that thymidine counts were lower in these media containing CsA.Endothelial membrane was also disrupted in the media containing CsA > or=5 0 n g /ml.In conclusion, corneal medium contain-ing CsA may induce damage to the endothelium in vitro.
Animals ; Cyclosporine* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium ; Membranes ; Rats ; Thymidine ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To conform the effectiveness of Cyclosporin(CsA) in penetrating keratoplasty(PKP), we compared the survival rate of grafts between CsA-used group and CsA-unused group(control group) in high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: High risk cornea was defined as vascularization in 3 or 4 quadrants, recurrent graft or corneal surface disease. We reviewed the 74 eyes(74 patients) which received penetrating keratoplasty with high risk cornea, and compared the survival rate between CsA-used group and control group. RESULT: Twenty-nine of the 74 patients were treated with CsA(17 patients with topical CsA and 12 with oral CsA ). The survival rate of CsA-used group was not superior to that of control group. CONCLUSION: CsA seems not to be effective in graft survival of high risk PKP.
Cornea ; Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid isa chronic, progressive disease characterized by cicatricial shrinkage of the conjunctiva, entropion, trichiasis, xerosis, and finally reduced vision from corneal opacification. It is a relatively rare, autoimmune disease. In the early stages, it can be easily overlooked as simple chronic conjunctivitis, so it can be untreated. We report a case of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid that resulted in significant morbidity. We were able to control the progression of cicatrization with aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctivitis ; Entropion ; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Trichiasis ; Vision, Low

Eighteen eyes with vitreous strands adherent to the corneoscleral wounds of previous cataract surgery were treated with neodymium: YAG laser to lyse those strands. Twelve eyes were treated for management of cystoid macular edema (CME group); six eyes were treated for prophylaxis of possible CME (prophylactic group). In the CME group, visual acuity improved two or more lines in nine eyes (75.0%), and seven eyes had a post laser visual acuity of 0.5 or better (One eye had a pre-treatment visual acuity of 0.5 or better). In the prophylactic group, visual acuity was either maintained at the pre-treatment visual acuity of 0.5 or better. In the prophylactic group, visual acuity was either maintained at the pre-treatment level or improved in five eyes (83.3%) 18 months later following laser treatment. This procedure was complicated by retinal detachment in one case and the elevation of intraocular pressure over 10 mmHg in another case.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cataract Extraction/adverse effects ; Eye Diseases/etiology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; *Laser Therapy ; Macular Edema/prevention & control/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Body/*surgery

In order to compare the influence of retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia technique to the change of intraocular pressure(IOP), we measured the IOP sequentially in 40 eyes of 40 patients(retrobulbar group: 20 eyes, peribulbar group: 20 eyes). The intraocular pressure was checked at one hour prior to operation, just after application of Honan apparatus with 30 mmHg for 30 minutes, just after the injcetion of anesthetics with technique retrobulbar and with peribulbar technique, and after digital massage for 5 minutes. Injected volume of anesthetics was 3 ml in retrobulbar technique and 6 ml in peribulbar technique. In retrobular group, the IOP mean was 16.55 mmHg at one hour prior to operation, 10.96 mmHg just after Honan application, 17.36 mmHg just after the injection of anesthetics and 10.38 mmHg after digital massage. In peribulbar group, the IOP mean was 16.97 mmHg at one hour prior to operation, 11.08 mmHg just after Honan application, 18.11 mmHg just after the injection of anesthetics and 11.31 mmHg after digital massage. The mean increase of IOP after the injection of anesthetics was 6.40 mmHg in retrobulbar group and 7.03 mmHg in peribulbar group. There was no statistical difference in the change of IOP between the two groups.(Student t-test, p>0.10).
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Massage

This article briefly explains surgical treatments of myopia. Laser refractive surgery using the excimer laser and/or femtosecond is the most commonly operated one. As the cornea has the greatest refractive power out of the ocular structures, the laser refractive surgery ablates the corneal stroma. Laser refractive surgeries are categorized by the surgical procedures basics: photorefractive keratectomy, laser in situ keratomilieusis (LASIK), laser epithelial keratomileusis, and Epi-LASIK. There are also some surgical treatment of myopia that does not use the laser ablation of the stroma. Intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation changes corneal shape which leads to the change of refractive power. Clear lens extraction reduces refractive power of crystalline lens by removal, and phakic intraocular lens implantation adds negative refractive power by implantation of intraocular lens. Patients are recommended to have a detailed consultation before choosing the surgical treatment based on their ocular status. There are several methods to treat myopia surgically, Laser reftractive surgery on cornea is most common method currently.
Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Excimer ; Lens, Crystalline ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Myopia ; Phakic Intraocular Lenses ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Refractive Surgical Procedures

PURPOSE: We reported a case of squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic herpetic keratitis treated with Mitomycin C. METHODS: In a patient with 13-year recurrent chronic herpetic keratitis, we diagnosed invasive squamous cell carcinoma in papillary mass with no response of previous treatment by conjunctival biopsy. RESULTS: After surgical removal and chemotherapy of 0.04% topical Mitomycin C, the eye showed histopathological resolution of squamous cell carcinoma.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Mitomycin

PURPOSE: To study visual prognosis and postoperative refractive status and complications after in the bag implantation of newly-introduced hydrophilic acrylic lens (ACR6D, CORNEAL(R) Co. France). METHODS: This study was a retrospective medical record review that in experimental group (50 eyes) we implanted CORNEAL(R)lens in the bag and in control group (50 eyes) we did Acrysof(R) lens after phacoemulsification by one surgeon. We checked automated refraction or manifest refraction of all patients and defined refractive error was a subtraction of preoperative desired refraction from postoperative spherical equivalent. RESULTS: In experimental group, best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) was 0.11+/-0.13 at 2 months after surgery and 0.13+/-0.11 at 6 months. In control group, that was 0.14+/-0.17 at 2 months after surgery and 0.21+/-0.30 at 6 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In experimental group, refractive error was -0.56+/-0.73 diopter (D) at 2 months after surgery and -0.41+/-0.90 D at 6 months. In control group, that was 0.14+/-0.80 D at 2 months after surgery and 0.24+/-0.67 D at 6 months. There was a statistically significant difference of refractive error between the two groups at 2 months and 6 month after surgery (p=0, p=0.03). In experimental group, the rate of postoperative lens epithelial cell proliferation contiguous to continuous circular capsulorhexis was higher than those in control group (p=0). CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant difference of postoperative visual acuity between CORNEAL(R) and Acrysof(R) lens implanted in the bag after phacoemulsification. But mean refractive error in eyes implanted with CORNEAL(R) lens was -0.56 D at 2 month after surgery, -0.41 D at 6 month and we recommended preoperative desired refraction of CORNEAL(R) lens should be more hyperopic and postoperative lens epithelial cell proliferation be checked carefully.
Capsulorhexis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Phacoemulsification ; Prognosis ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

We evaluated corneal swelling induced by extended wear contact lenses(EWCLs) in New Zealand white rabbits domestically available in Korea. At first, we measured the corneal thickness prior to contact lens wearing with ultrasonic pachometer and examined the condition of the anterior segment of the eye. Then four soft EWCLs, one rigid gas permeable lens, and one disposable lens were applied on the corneas of the rabbits for 24 hours in closed eye condition achieved by transient tarsorrhapy. After 24 hours, the corneal thickness was remeasured and the condition of the external eye was reexamined to compare with the initial values. Conclusively, corneal swelling was developed after 24hour wearing of EWCLs in all rabbits. The percent corneal thickness changes decreased inthe following order; Ciba soft(Cooper Vision) 27.54%. Hyper II(International Contact Lens Lab.) 21.99%, Bescon III(International Contact Lens Lab.) 16.15%, Ciba thin(Cooper Vision) 14.22%, Optima FW(Bash and Lomb) 13.79%, Acuvue(Johnson and Johnson). The control group whitch did not wear any contact lens showed no change in the corneal thickness(p>0.05). The results of corneal swelling correlated well with the DK/L of each EWCLs. This experiment revealed that the EWCLs used widly in Korea could induce corneal swelling and so careful evaluation 0f the EWCLs wearers may be required.
Contact Lenses* ; Cornea ; Korea ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonics

Pellucid marginal degeneration is a noninflammatory peripheral corneal thining disorder, which progresses slowly, affects inferior cornea bilaterally, occurs usually between twenties and fifties. Protrusion of the cornea with normal corneral thickness occurs above a band of thinning which is located 1 to 2mm from the limbus and measures 1 to 2mm in width and the patient complaints of progressive visual disturbance due to high irregular astigmatism. Topographically, the lowest corneal power is located along a narrow corridor of the central and peracental cornea and corneal power is highest along the inferior peripheral cornea and in the mid-peripheral cornea along the inferior oblique corneal meridian in a band-like fashion and is decreased slowly superior to that meridian. We experienced a case of pellucid marginal degeneration who had a history of progressive visual loss due to high irregular astigmatism. A 67 year-old woman had the characteristic topographic pattern and clinical feature of pellucid marginal degeneration only in her righ eye and we report it as the first case of unilateral pellucid marginal degeneration in Korea.
Aged ; Astigmatism ; Cornea ; Female ; Humans ; Korea