The drug price is being a consideration of the community. In situation of unstable drug price, the state should promulgate a national policy for drug price to normalize the drug price and pharmaceutical market. This paper introduced 3 major orientations to contribute to construction of policy of drug price and solutions for implementing this policy.
Public Policy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Commerce

Subject: 232 patients with colon cancer. The disease is more likely to occur after 40 years old. Male to female ratio is similar. Diagnosis and treatment is made in advanced stage of disease. More than 70% of patients have disease progress duration from 4 to 12 months. About 40% patients manifested intestinal occlusion or sub occlusion at presentation. According to DUKES classification: A: 0%; B : 52.2%; C: 33.6% and D 14.2%. Tumor at right colon accounted for 50.4% and at left colon accounted for 35%. The most common place is sigmoid colon (26.3%). Histopathological findings showed that adenocarcinomas is 95.2%. The death rate is 4.7%. 3.4% of patients have dehiscence of the anastomosis. Averall 5 year survival is 38.1% after operation
Colonic Neoplasms ; therapeutics

46 patients with internal haemorrhoid with grade I-II of haemorhage in which 10 patients with haemorrhoid grade III, (22%), grade II (63%) and grade I (15%) injected by kinurea for sclerotization round of injection: 1 round (91%), 2 rounds (7%) and 3 rounds (92%)- hemostastic effects: very good (24%), good (65%) and normal (11%). There were no complications from procedure
Therapeutics ; Hemorrhoids

98 patients more than 18 ages, with external hemorrhoid that causes acute embolism were divided in to 2 groups: group 1 – patients use topical cream containing nifedipine 0,3% and lidocaine 1,5%; group 2 – patients used topical cream Lodocaine 1,5%. Effects of treatment were evaluated by criteria including level of blood in feces, analgesic level, duration of treatment, combination of analgesic agents, number of patients interupted by surgery. The results have shown that the topical cream of nifedipine had a good effect for external hemorrhoid that causes acute embolism
Hemorrhoids ; Embolism

A study on the microscopic and macroscopic pictures of 32 samples from patients with rectal cancer who received the rectostomy has shown that most of patients were lately detected in which DUKES A (3%), DUKES B (50%), DUKES C (38%), DUKES D (9%). 3 cases detected to have cancer cells was under the incision about 1cm. For cancer located far from the anal edge about 5 cm, the operation can conservate the sphincter muscle
Rectal Neoplasms ; Surgery

A study on 206 patients (mal: 48%) with ages of 40-60 has shown that most frequent signs were feces with blood and mucus and dyspepsia. 98% of cancers were adenocarcinoma. 7% of tumors located in the 1/3 above rectum, 34% of tumors located in the 1/3 middle rectum and 59% of tumors located in the 1/3 lower rectum. The treatment involved the temporary operation (21%), partial rectal removal operation (19%) and complete rectal removal operation (48.5%). The postoperative complications included mortality (1.5%), peritoneal fistula or peritonitis (13%), bleeding (0.5%). The survival rate after 5 years (29%) in which Dukes B phase (45%), Dukes C phase (11%). The rectal cancer is common disease, diagnosed and treated lately.
Therapeutics ; Rectal Neoplasms

175 patients with 224 rectal sigma colorectal-polyps in ages of 18 months - 77 ages were found by the endoscopy or the rectal-colorectal operation. The ratio of male/female was 1.92. The main and mark symptom is movement total blood (86.3%) single polyp: 80.8%, the small and medium polyps: 87%, polyps with peduncle: 67.9%, gland polyp: 70.9%, polyp changed to cancer: 7.6%.The large polyps without peduncle, with rough surface account for the severe displasia and high rate of changing to cancer
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis

Patients under 65 with perforated duodenal ulceration received vagotomy as method of Taylor or Hill barker in ViÖt §øc during 1992-1998. The results of nervous anatomy and clinical practice has shown that vagal structure in the below of diaphragm was various: 45% of anterior vagus had 2-3 stems, 29% of posterior vagus had 2 stems, 30% of vagus had vago accessorius which lies along with left of esophago abdominal wall, there were changes of number of stem latarjet. The operation as Hill Barker can reduced peptic acid better than this as Taylor
Vagus Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Vagotomy

The tests on gastric acid of patients with the perforated duodenal ulceration operated in ViÖt §øc Hospital were carried out and compared with these of patients who received an operation of the duodenal ulceration perforation by traditional method. The results have shown that the Taylor method has a reduction of gastric acid as the basic test and the insulin test were 41% and 49%, resectively. The Hill Barker method has a reduction of gastric acid as 2 above mentioned tests were 56% and 64%, respectively. The reduction of gastric acid as the Hill Barker method was a statistical significant different from this as the Taylor method (P=0.0022). The reduction of gastric acid in 2 above methods was stable (P=0.05). There were serious complications for patients in tests.
duodenal ulcer ; Duodenal Diseases ; surgery

The surgical treatment of anal fissure involved the removal of ulceration, sphincter corpuscular open combining with anal mucosal plastic reconstruction as type Parnaud and Arnous and Lateral sphincter open as type of parks. It should limit spices such as chili, pepper and suck and clean the anus everyday with warm water and use of analgesic agents as form of Suppository.
Fissure in Ano ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapeutics