The drug price is being a consideration of the community. In situation of unstable drug price, the state should promulgate a national policy for drug price to normalize the drug price and pharmaceutical market. This paper introduced 3 major orientations to contribute to construction of policy of drug price and solutions for implementing this policy.
Public Policy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Commerce

Subject: 232 patients with colon cancer. The disease is more likely to occur after 40 years old. Male to female ratio is similar. Diagnosis and treatment is made in advanced stage of disease. More than 70% of patients have disease progress duration from 4 to 12 months. About 40% patients manifested intestinal occlusion or sub occlusion at presentation. According to DUKES classification: A: 0%; B : 52.2%; C: 33.6% and D 14.2%. Tumor at right colon accounted for 50.4% and at left colon accounted for 35%. The most common place is sigmoid colon (26.3%). Histopathological findings showed that adenocarcinomas is 95.2%. The death rate is 4.7%. 3.4% of patients have dehiscence of the anastomosis. Averall 5 year survival is 38.1% after operation
Colonic Neoplasms ; therapeutics

46 patients with internal haemorrhoid with grade I-II of haemorhage in which 10 patients with haemorrhoid grade III, (22%), grade II (63%) and grade I (15%) injected by kinurea for sclerotization round of injection: 1 round (91%), 2 rounds (7%) and 3 rounds (92%)- hemostastic effects: very good (24%), good (65%) and normal (11%). There were no complications from procedure
Therapeutics ; Hemorrhoids

The surgical treatment of anal fissure involved the removal of ulceration, sphincter corpuscular open combining with anal mucosal plastic reconstruction as type Parnaud and Arnous and Lateral sphincter open as type of parks. It should limit spices such as chili, pepper and suck and clean the anus everyday with warm water and use of analgesic agents as form of Suppository.
Fissure in Ano ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapeutics

This paper introduced the anatomy of anorectal region, etiology and classification of anal abscess and fistula as well as diagnosis and treatment of anal - fistula.
Fissure in Ano ; diagnosis ; therapy ; therapeutics

55 patients with perforated duodenal ulceration received the vagotomy as method of Taylor. Patients admitted to hospital after perforation 12-14 hours. Patients had no shock, gastrointestinal bleeding or pyloric stenosid. The results have shown that the operation as method of Taylor and Hill barker did not increase the risks. There had no intraoperative and postoperative serious complications. The method maintains the motor function of stomach with latarjet stem. This was simple method that easy to implement.
duodenal ulcer ; Duodenal Diseases ; therapeutics

A restrospective study on 484 patients with the perforated duodenal ulceration has shown that male/female:9/1, patients with ages of 20 -50: 77% (youngest: 14; oldest: 80), no history of the duodenal ulceration: 33.34%, operated prior to 12 hours from the first pain attack, premature ulceration: 24%, moderate fibrosis: 14%, corn fibrosis: 62%, possitive clotest: 83%, simple surgical: 70%, mortality rate: 1.5%, rupture in stitching position in the method of stitching the perforated position, relapsed rate of ulceration in the stitching the perforation position and removal surgery of 2/3 stomach, Xth nervecutting as method of TALOR and method of HILL-BARKER were 72%, 3.5%, 34% and 8%, respectively. This study indicated that it should radically operate in the first phase in order to reduce the patient‘s risk provided that having no risk factors.
duodenal ulcer ; Duodenal Diseases ; therapeutics ; surgery

98 patients more than 18 ages, with external hemorrhoid that causes acute embolism were divided in to 2 groups: group 1 – patients use topical cream containing nifedipine 0,3% and lidocaine 1,5%; group 2 – patients used topical cream Lodocaine 1,5%. Effects of treatment were evaluated by criteria including level of blood in feces, analgesic level, duration of treatment, combination of analgesic agents, number of patients interupted by surgery. The results have shown that the topical cream of nifedipine had a good effect for external hemorrhoid that causes acute embolism
Hemorrhoids ; Embolism

A study on the microscopic and macroscopic pictures of 32 samples from patients with rectal cancer who received the rectostomy has shown that most of patients were lately detected in which DUKES A (3%), DUKES B (50%), DUKES C (38%), DUKES D (9%). 3 cases detected to have cancer cells was under the incision about 1cm. For cancer located far from the anal edge about 5 cm, the operation can conservate the sphincter muscle
Rectal Neoplasms ; Surgery

A study on 206 patients (mal: 48%) with ages of 40-60 has shown that most frequent signs were feces with blood and mucus and dyspepsia. 98% of cancers were adenocarcinoma. 7% of tumors located in the 1/3 above rectum, 34% of tumors located in the 1/3 middle rectum and 59% of tumors located in the 1/3 lower rectum. The treatment involved the temporary operation (21%), partial rectal removal operation (19%) and complete rectal removal operation (48.5%). The postoperative complications included mortality (1.5%), peritoneal fistula or peritonitis (13%), bleeding (0.5%). The survival rate after 5 years (29%) in which Dukes B phase (45%), Dukes C phase (11%). The rectal cancer is common disease, diagnosed and treated lately.
Therapeutics ; Rectal Neoplasms