The study on the bivalent vaccine was carried out in 246 healthy Vietnamese volunteers’ aged from 1 to 25 years old. The results indicated that: the vaccine was well tolerated. The proportions of vaccines in both age groups exhibited anti-01 vibriocidal seroconversions, but the proportion of seroconverting was greater in children than in adults. Adult recipients of the vaccine exhibited similar to seroconversion rates of anti-01 and anti-0139 vibriocidal antibodies.
Meningococcal Vaccines ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; Cholera ; Safety

From 1/1999 to 9/2004, 12720 pregnancies were examined and underwent ultrasound in Ob-Gyn Deparment of Bachmai Hospital and 64 fetuses were found with congenital malformations. The fetal malformations rate was 0.5%. Fetal malformations were detected mainly at primipa. Youngest fetal age was 12 weeks. Mean fetal age when detecting malformations was 22.8 weeks. Single malformation was 68.8%. The most common defects were anecephaly (23.4%), hydrocephaly (20.3%), holoprosencephaly (12.5%). 73.4% of pregnancies with malformation fetuses were terminated successfully by putting Cytotec to cause labour. One case was operated and one was aborted after putting cytotec failed. Failure rate of causing labour by Cytotec was 4%
Fetus ; Fetus/abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Therapeutics

Background: Gestational diabetes is a special form of diabetes mellitus, which is initially diagnosed during gestation. In Vietnam, routine screens for gestational diabetes are not performed. The risk factors of the disease are not taken into account during early screening. Many pregnancies are later diagnosed when complications present themselves. Objective: To determine the prevalence and discover the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes (GD) among pregnant women, who followed up at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bach Mai Hospital. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted on 415 pregnant women, who had 24-28 weeks of gestation, followed up at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bach Mai Hospital from December, 2006 to April, 2007. All were asked about the risk factors and given an oral glucose tolerance test with 75g of glucose. Results: The prevalence of GD in general population accounted for 7.9%. The prevalence of GD, who had BMI \u226523, family history with 1st degree relative of diabetes and positive glycosuria at gestational age under 24 weeks in subgroups were 25.8%, 37.8% and 55.6%, respectively. None of the pregnant women who had a child weighed \u22654.000g at the previous delivery was diagnosed as GD. However, all thepregnant women, who had history of abnormal glucose tolerance, were GD. Conclusion: Prevalence of GD is increasing. BMI\u226523, family history with 1st degree relative of diabetes and positive glycosuria at age of gestation <24 weeks are considered as high risk factors of GD.
gestational diabetes

Background: Many research works showed that menstruation is caused by the sudden reduction of the estrogens and progesterone to low levels of secretion at the end of the menstrual cycle. However, it should be investigated to which levels the concentration of these two hormones sharply reduces to cause menstruation. Objective: To determine estradiol concentration at the beginning of menstruation, the second day of menstruation and the ending of menstruation during the menstrual cycle. Subject and methods: 30 women with the normal menstrual cycle and 30 women with the long menstrual cycle were used as subjects to determine estradiol concentration at the day at the beginning of menstruation, the second day of menstruation and the last day of menstruation during the menstrual cycle. Result and Conclusion: In the women group with the normal menstrual cycle, the estradiol concentration: at the day at the beginning of menstruation is 159.93 \xb1 51.29 pmol/L, at the second day of menstruation is 170.58 \xb1 46.54 pmol/L and at the lastday of menstruation is 177.55 \xb1 46.42 pmol/L. In women in the group with long menstrual cycle, the estradiol concentration: at the day of beginning of menstruation is 154.55 \xb1 61.60 pmol/L and at the last day of menstruation is 154.55 \xb1 61.60 pmol/L.
menstrual cycle ; estrogen ; estradiol

Since 2000, the authors have been conducting technical cooperation on nosocomial infection control at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH) in Vietnam, which is the first trial in the country. The main contents include: (1) Consolidation of the bases of nosocomial infection control at BMH, which include setting up the appropriate control system and providing training for hospital staff, (2) Cooperation in the SARS outbreak, (3) Fact-finding survey on nosocomial infection, and (4) Preparation against avian influenza at hospitals. As a result of these activities, nosocomial infection control at BMH has been enhanced and the staff is providing technical guidance to other hospitals in recent years with the aim to disseminate skills and knowledge widely in Vietnam. The questionnaire survey on preparedness against SARS, including awareness among staff, training situation, infection control system in hospital, etc., showed comparatively good results in Vietnamese hospitals. The present paper summarizes the collaboration on nosocomial infection control between Vietnam and Japan.
Nosocomial infection control is considered essential to upgrade the quality of medical care. Also, constant efforts to upgrade the skills and knowledge of medical staff and to set up an efficient infection control system will be useful in dealing with the potential risk of resurgence of SARS or human influenza pandemic. Nosocomial infection control is one of the most appropriate subjects for technical cooperation at hospitals in developing countries.

Background: Dementia is a common pathological condition that affects older people. Most causes of dementia are Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. Diagnosing these conditions mostly relied on clinical patterns, but some biomarkers have been mentioned as the indicators of this condition. Objectives: 1) To evaluate the alteration of some biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Alzheimer\u2019s patients. 2) To compare the concentration of biomarkers in CSF samples from patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Subjects and method: Case group involved 41 patients who were diagnosed as AD and vascular dementia based on DSM-IV criteria. 31 matched healthy people were included in control group. All subjects were given neuro-psychological tests and thorough clinical examination. Brain CT scan and MRI were done for both groups. CSF samples were taken from patients in the study group to measure levels of some biomarkers. Results. The levels of total taurine (T-tau) and phosphorylated taurine (P-tau) 181 proteins are higher in the dementia group. The concentration of Abeta-42 is significantly different between case and control groups, but similar between vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Conclusion: Changes in biomarkers are valuable in different diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other types of dementia. However, findings of CSF studies have to be considered with findings from imaging studies and clinical examination.
Biomarker ; Dementia ; Alzheimer\u2019s disease

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the first laparoscopic surgery that was performed at Cho Ray hospital in September 1992. In 2005, Quang Tri general hospital has performed successfully the first case of laparoscopic appendectomy. Objectives: To access the preliminary results of application on endoscopic surgery in Quang Tri general hospital. Subjects and method: A prospective study was conducted on 140 patients with laparoscopic surgery or retroperitoneal surgery, was performed in Quang Tri general hospital from September, 2005 to April, 2006. Results:Among 140 patients was operated, there was only one case of postoperative intestinal obstructive complication (accounted for 0.7%), no case of death. Operative aged was between 11 and 70 years old. The average surgical time was 65 minutes for cholecystectomy, 35 minutes for appendectomy, 85 minutes for ureterolithotomy, 80 minutes for gynecological diseases. 2 cases of cholecystectomy and appendectomy changed open surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method. It can be developed in provincial hospitals. Quang Tri general hospital has successful preliminary developed the new technique.
Laparoscopy ;

Objective: To describe the burden of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and the infrastructure and current practices of SARI management in hospitals in Viet Nam. Methods: We conducted a short observational study at critical care units (CCUs) in 32 district hospitals and 16 provincial hospitals in five provinces in Viet Nam from March to July 2019. We collected data on hospital equipment and medicines used in SARI management. At the patient level, data were collected for 14 consecutive days on all patients presenting to CCUs, including information on demographics, intervention and treatment within 24 hours of CCU admission and 7-day outcome. Results: There were significant differences between district and provincial hospitals in the availability of microbial culture, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, inflammatory markers and mechanical ventilation. Among 1722 eligible patients admitted to CCUs, there were 395 (22.9%) patients with SARI. The median age of SARI patients was 74 (interquartile range: 58–84) years; 49.1% were male. Although systemic antibiotics were available in all hospitals and were empirically given to 93.4% of patients, oseltamivir was available in 25% of hospitals, and only 0.5% of patients received empiric oseltamivir within 24 hours of admission. The 7-day mortality was 6.6% (26/395). Independent factors associated with 7-day mortality were septic shock and requiring respiratory support within 24 hours of admission. Discussion: SARI is a major burden on CCUs in Viet Nam. Barriers to delivering quality care include the limited availability of diagnostics and medication and non-protocolized management of SARI in CCUs.

Vietnam is undergoing a rapid social and economic developments resulting in speedy urbanization, changes in methods for animal production, food marketing systems, and food consumption habits. These changes will have major impacts on human exposures to food poisoning. The present case study aimed to estimate hospitalization costs of foodborne diarrhea cases in selected health facilities in Vietnam. This is a facility-based cost-of-illness study conducted in seven health facilities in Northern Vietnam. All suspect cases of foodborne diarrhea, as diagnosed by doctors, who admitted to the studied health facilities during June-August, 2013 were selected. Costs associated with hospitalization for foodborne diseases were estimated from societal perspective using retrospective approach. We included direct and indirect costs of hospitalization of foodborne diarrhea cases. During the study period, 87 foodborne diarrhea cases were included. On average, the costs per treatment episode and per hospitalization day for foodborne diarrhea case were US$ 106.9 and US$ 33.6 respectively. Indirect cost (costs of times to patient, their relatives due to the patient's illness) made up the largest share (51.3%). Direct medical costs accounted for 33.8%; direct non-medical costs (patient and their relatives) represented 14.9%. Cost levels and compositions varied by level of health facilities. More attentions should be paid on prevention, control of foodborne diarrhea cases in Vietnam. Ensuring safety of food depends on efforts of everyone involved in food chain continuum, from production, processing, and transport to consumption.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cost of Illness ; Diarrhea/*economics/epidemiology ; Female ; Foodborne Diseases/*economics/epidemiology ; Health Care Costs/*statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization/*economics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Young Adult

Backgroud: Phacoemulsification with trifocal intraocular lens helps patients achieve clear vision at all distances, reponding their needs and desires. Therefore, we have studied to evaluate the effectiveness of a trifocal intraocular lens. Objectives: (1) To describe the clinical features of cataract patients. (2) To evaluate the outcomes of cataract treatment by phacoemulsification with a trifocal intraocular lens. Methods: A prospective interventional clinical study was conducted on 80 eyes of 68 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification with a trifocal intraocular lens at the Ophthalmology Center, Hue Central Hospital. Results: At the 3-month postoperative period, 65.0% of the operated eyes had distance vision of 20/25 or better, 52.5% had intermediate vision of 20/25 or better, and 57.5% had near vision of 20/25 or better. The patient satisfaction rate was 91.2%. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with a trifocal intraocular lens provides high effectiveness in terms of visual acuity and patient satisfaction.