Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate(InsP,) is a second messenger for obilizing intracellular Cal'. It can be dephosphorylated by soluble and particulate forms on InsP, 5-phosphatase, or phosphorylated to produce inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate(InsP,) by InsP, 3-kinase. These enzymes represent possible targets for the regulation of the InsP,AnsP. signal. InsP, 3-kinase which catalyses th ATP-dependent phosphorylation of InsP, was purified from bovine brain tissue. All operation were carried out at 41C. Fresh tissure was homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was pooled. Proteins were precipitated from 10% polyethylene glycol, and suspended solution was applied to DEAE cellulose column for chromatography. As the result of above procedure, two isozymes of InsP, 3-kinase, I and U were obtained. Each isozyme was applied to Matriz green gel, Calmodulin-Affigel 15 column and subsequent phenyl-TSK HPLC column. Specific activites(SA) and fold of puriety were observed at each purification step of chromatography. At DEAE cellulose chromatography, SA were 1, 0.6 and 11, 4.8 nM/min/mg, and folds
Brain* ; Catalysis ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DEAE-Cellulose ; Inositol* ; Isoenzymes ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases* ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Second Messenger Systems

BACKGROUND: Hypotension occurs frequently after epidural anesthesia. Intravenous fluid or vasopressors are among treatment methods to many suggested causes. This study was undertaken retrospectively to determine if the age, weight and height of parturients are related to the local anesthetic dosage in epidural anesthesia for the cesarean section, and if the dosage of local anesthetic influence the change of blood pressure and the requirement of fluid or epherine. METHODS: Sixty-nine parturients were studied by reviewing patients' anesthetic records. During lumbar epidural anesthesia to T4 sensory level, all patients were monitored with mean arterial blood pressure, and prevented from hypotension by administration of Ringer's lactated solution. But if hypotension has been sustained in spite of rapid fluid loading, intermittent ephedrine was injected. We studied the correlation of local anesthetic dosage, decrement of mean blood pressure and total required intravenous fluid volume, and difference of these variables between cases using ephedrine and not using. RESULTS: The volume of local anesthetic to achieve a T4 sensory level was 21.20 3.81ml, which did not correlate with age, weight and height, and did not influence the decrease of mean blood pressure and the volume of administered fluid. But the patients (n=30) who needed ephedrine were adminstered significantly larger dose of the local anesthetic and showed more decrease in the mean blood pressure than those (n=39) who did not. CONCLUSIONS: The dose requirement of local anesthetic during epidural anesthesia for the cesarean section is not determined by the age, weight and height of parturients. But when larger dose of local anesthetic is administered, the patients seem to be more hypotensive and need ephedrine as well as intravenous fluid administration.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Ephedrine* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: This study was proposed to examine the effects of butorphanol on propofol dose requirements and hemodynamic responses during propofol-N2O-O2 anesthesia. In addition, the effects of butorphanol on the recovery time, sedation score and postoperative first analgesic request time were assessed. METHODS: Forty patients were allocated to 2 groups. Twenty patients received butorphanol (20 microgram/kg, group (B) and the others received an equal volume of placebo (group P) 3 minutes before induction with propofol. After induction, anesthesia was maintained with propofol (6 - 10 mg/kg, iv)-N2O (70%)-O2 (30%). Propofol doses for induction and maintenance and hemodynamic responses (blood pressure, heart rate) were checked. After surgery, sedation score, recovery profiles, and postoperative first analgesic request time were assessed. RESULTS: The induction doses of propofol were lower in group B than in group P. Diastolic pressure and heart rate decreased in group B compared to group P after endotracheal intubation and before skin incision. After skin incision, decreased diastolic pressure and heart rate returned to preanesthetic levels in group P, but the decreased level was sustained in group B. There were group differences in sedation score at 5 and 10 minutes after extubation. In group B, recovery was delayed and more time elapsed before the first analgesic request. CONCLUSIONS: Butorphanol co-administered with propofol reduces the induction dose of propofol and delays the first analgesic request time, but there are significant fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate during endotracheal intubation and skin incision.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Butorphanol* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Propofol* ; Skin

STUDY DESIGNS: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of spontaneous reduction via minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mini-TLIF) as the treatment for low-grade symptomatic spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Although minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is technically demanding, this procedure is an effective method for spontaneous reduction of low grade spondylolisthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed consecutive series of 41 patients with low grade spondylolisthesis who underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, between April 2008 and July 2009. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. Clinical evaluation was performed by an analysis of Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index. For the radiological evaluation, disc space height, slip percentage, and slip angle were analyzed. At the final follow-up, the fusion rate was analyzed according to the Bridwell's anterior fusion grade. RESULTS: For the evaluation of clinical outcomes, the Visual Analogue Scale for back pain decreased from 6.8+/-1.2 to 2.0+/-1.1, and that for radiating pain decreased from 7.9+/-1.3 to 1.7+/-1.1. Oswetry Disability Index decreased from 38.5+/-8.4 to 13.4+/-6.1. For the radiological evaluation, disc space height increased from 8.4+/-2.14mm to 11.8+/-1.54mm(P<0.05), slip percentage was reduced from 18.4+/-5.1% to 13.3+/-3.1%(P<0.05) and slip angle decreased from 10.6+/-4.5degrees to 6.2+/-3.4degrees (P<0.05). At the final follow-up, radiological union was obtained in 38 cases (92.7%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion appears to be an effective method for spontaneous reduction of low grade spondylolisthesis if the surgeon becomes familiar with this method.
Back Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylolisthesis

A 25 years old male received an emergency operation for tendon repair of the right 3rd. finger under axillary brachial plexus block using a paresthesia technique. He had no specific medical problem in hand function except limitation of the right 3rd. finger flexion. After the operation, he complained about hand numbness, especially around the palm side of the 3rd. finger, and a tingling sensation which originated from the axilla to the 3rd. finger. Those symptoms did not subside, thus the patient was advised to seek rehabilitation medicine. On the 21st post operative day, EMG (Electromyography) indicated a right median nerve injury at the median branch level of the brachial plexus. The complete withdrawal of the symptoms was reported at the 7th week after the operation. In this case, the highly suggestive cause of selective median nerve injury was a direct nerve injury by injection needle or intraneural injection of local anesthetic drug during the brachial plexus block procedure. However, we didn't completely rule out the possibility of nerve damage by tourniquet and improper position.
Adult ; Axilla ; Brachial Plexus* ; Emergencies ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Male ; Median Nerve* ; Needles ; Paresthesia ; Rehabilitation ; Sensation ; Tendons ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

Pyogenic epidural abscess is a very rare disease. Once it occurs, it promptly progresses and can cause neurologic paralysis. Mean age of onset has been reported to be 57 years. Here we report making a diagnosis of pyogenic lumbar epidural abscess accompanying cauda equina syndrome in a 10-year-old girl. We treated this case successfully with surgical drainage and antibiotics. We report our case with a review of the literature.
Age of Onset ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cauda Equina ; Child ; Drainage ; Epidural Abscess ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Polyradiculopathy ; Rare Diseases

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Equinus Deformity*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Korea* ; Rural Population*

161 patients with tibia fracture were treated by closed intramedullary nailing at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eul-Ji General hospital, Dae Jeon, during 5 years from January, 1988 to April, 1993. 134 of these patients were performed with Kiintscher IM nailing and 27 patients with Ender nailing. Rigid IM nailing is the method of choice in tibia shaft fracture with rigid fixation, low complication, wide indication and early weight bearing, but the treatment of segmental fracture of the tibia will have many difficulties because of severe displacement, severe comminution, massive soft tissue damage and lack of blood supply at fracture site. Either antegrade or retrograde Ender nailing was of value for the management of segmental fracture which was too proximally or too dixtally located to insert interlocking screws, open fracture and soft tissue injury around Kiintscher insertion site. The result as fllows; 1. 43 fractures were open and 118 were closed. 69 fractures involved the distal portion, 55 fractures the middle portion, 13 fractures the proximal portion of the tibia and 24 fractures were segmental. 2. Among the 161 eases, 114 cases were male and 47 cases were female, the most common ages were ranged from 21 year to 30 year, involving 44 cases. 3. The most common cause was traffic accident. 4. Average intervals from injury to operation were 6.34 days(closed fracture) and 9.84 days(open fracture). 5. The mean durations of the bone union were 18.90 weeks(closed fracture) and 16.46 weeks(open fracture). 6. Complication included 7 cases delayed union, 3 cases nonunion, 8 cases superficial infection, 4 cases joint stiffness, 3 cases nail migration, 2 cases angular deformity, 2 cases rotational deformity, 1 cases osteomyelitis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daejeon ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing