No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute* ; Trephining*

Cerebral cysticercosis, is unfortunately, a frequent disease in Korea. Cysticercosis in man is exclusively due to the development of Taenia solium larvae, called Cysticercus cellulosae, which is a frequent parasite in the pig. The clinical symptoms which are varied and similar to those of any other tumor of the brain, are depent on the location, number of parasite, intensity of infestation and susceptibility of the host. The headache, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, appearing periodically, and chiefly after a rapid change in the position of the head, were indicative of a cysticercus lying free in the fourth ventricle. We have recently experienced a case of cerebral cysticercosis which involved the 4th ventricle. A forty-year-old man was aditted to the Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University in June, 1978 because of severe headache, repeated vomiting and diplopia which progressed gradually for two months previous to admission. On admission, there were no specific localizing and lateralizing neurological abnormalities except for signs of mild cerebellar dysfunction and signs of increased intracranial pressure accompanying with bilateral optic papilledema. Conray ventriculogram disclosed the dilation of proximal portion of the 4 th ventricle and smoothly rounded central filling defect of the 4 th ventricle. Brain C-T Scan demonstrated the marked dilation of 4 th ventricle in found shape without evidence of midline shift or compression. This enlarged 4 th ventricle with water density was shown no evidence of the contrast enhancement. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and a cystic mass was removed from the fourth ventricle. Pathological diagnosis of the specimen was cysticercosis. Following surgery, the patient's symptoms cleared up and neurological deficits and papilledema improved gradually.
Brain ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Cysticercosis* ; Cysticercus ; Deception ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Fourth Ventricle ; Head ; Headache ; Intracranial Pressure ; Korea ; Larva ; Nausea ; Neurosurgery ; Papilledema ; Parasites ; Taenia solium ; Vertigo ; Vomiting ; Water

We have recently experienced a case of intramedullary ependymoma in the upper thoracic spinal cord. A 46 years old man was admitted to our Department of Neurosurgery because of spastic paraplegia and disturbance of urination since 6 years ago when the disability developed rather abruptly. Myelogram showed a subtotal block of the dye column at the level of T-3 intervertebral space about where a fusiform enlargement of the cord was shadowed. Opening the duramater after total laminectomy performd through C7 to T3, a markedly swallen and enlarged spinal cord was under a great pressure. Spinal cord was paper thin and fully filled with a massive tumor inside of it. The intrameduallary tumor was mushroomed out on dorsal myelotomy. Histological study was verified to be ependymoma. The patient has not shown any improvement of neurological deficits in postoperative period.
Agaricales ; Ependymoma* ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgery ; Paraplegia ; Postoperative Period ; Spinal Cord* ; Urination

We have reported a case of acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a male patient aged 79-year-old who had suddenly felt a strong pain in the right buttock and lower abdomen. Shortly after he noticed weakness in his legs and two hours later he was completely paraplegic. Operation was undertaken 13 hours after the onset of the illness. A laminectomy was mode from T11 to L1 and a massive epidural hematoma removed mainly from the right posterolateral aspect of the cord.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Buttocks ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal* ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Male

Of the many potential source of free radial generation, the enzyme xanthine oxidase has been shown to be important in ischemia in non-cerebral tissues. Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in various pathological conditions including ischemia. Xanthine oxidase serve as a source of oxidizing agents such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. It is investigated that the effect of a specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, on infarct size in a model of continuous partial cerebral ischemia in rats. Infarct volume was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brains removed 24 hours after middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Cortical tissue was more effectively protected than basal tissue, especially in allopurinol pretreated group. On histological examinations, hemispheric swelling, PMN cell infiltration and endothelial damage were noted irrespective of allopurinol treatment. It was speculated that free radicals are important in infarction secondary to partial continuous cerebral ischemia and that xanthine oxidase may by the primary source of these radicals.
Allopurinol* ; Animals ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Infarction ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Oxidants ; Rats ; Superoxides ; Xanthine Oxidase

The intracranial arachnoid cysts are benign lesions in nature which thin walled cysts lying in relation to or enclosed by the subarachnoid space, filled with clear fluid. They may be due to developmental defects of the brain or meninges and secondary to inflammation, vascular occlusion or trauma but etiology of a large percentage is not well understood. In general, locations are near primary fissure and cisterns of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The clinical features and courses are unusual. Preoperative diagnosis is unlikely to be made but treatment is followed by good result. We had experienced two cases of intracranial arachnoid cysts which occurs in middle cranial fossa, and cerebral hemisphere. Pathologic diagnosis are arachnoid cysts.
Arachnoid Cysts* ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebrum ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Deception ; Diagnosis ; Inflammation ; Meninges ; Subarachnoid Space

Vascular lesions involving the upper extremities have been treated by different route of upper thoracic sympathectomy with varying success. More recently, the anatomic and physiologic interest for autonomic nervous system has been progressively mounted but the surgical attack has plateau. It may be worthy for academic interest and clinical practice to estimate and to compare with the different surgical method. This paper concerns the treatment of a case suffering from atherosclerotic occlusion whom were treated by upper thoracic sympathetic ganglionectomy through the transaxillary transpleural route. This operation seems to be simpler than other surgical methods with lower morbidity, fewer complication and satisfying results.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Ganglionectomy ; Sympathectomy* ; Upper Extremity

The cyto-histologic correlation and cytologic accuracy are reported in thirty cases of consecutive aspirated cells and their biopsied tissues of patients with clinical and neuroradiologic evidences of central nervous system tumors and other lesions investigated at the Pathology and Neurosurgery Department, Korea University Hospital, from Apr. 1987 to Apr. 1988. The series comprised of 17 benign and 12 malignant histopathologically verified brain neoplasms and 1 infectious lesion. In 78% of the cases, the cytologic diagnosis was concordant with the histologic diagnosis provided adequate sample was obtained. In 17 benign tumors, the diagnostic rate was 87% ; the diagnostic accuracy for 12 malignant CNS tumors was 63% cytologically. In almost all cases, differentiation of non-neoplastic lesion from neoplastic one and that of benign tumors from malignant ones were possible. Most discordance stemmed from failure to distinguish different types of malignant tumors. In meningioma, neurilemmoma, pituitary adenoma, and medulloblastoma, cytologic diagnostic accuracy was high, but germinoma, malignant ependymoma, and hemangioblastoma were difficult to diagnose by cytology alone.

The authors analysed 92 patients who were operated with laminectomy and disectomy for herniated lumbar discs from August 1984 to July 1986 at the Depart. of neurosurgery, Korea University College of Medicine. The authors tried to grade the degeneration of nucleus pulposus pathologically in accordance with the severity of collagenosis and to correlate between these gradings with clinical and radiologic findings. The results were as follows, 1) Collagenosis seemed to be normal aging process of lumbar discs. 2) Duration of clinical symptoms, narrowing of the disc space and spur formation were correlated with the severity of collagenosis. 3) Sequestered discs seemed to promote the progression of collagenosis.
Aging ; Humans ; Korea ; Laminectomy ; Neurosurgery