For the first time in Daklak, S. typhi strains were isolated from cases of suspected typhoid fever. MIC was investigated on 50 strains of S. typhi in Daklak from 1996-1998. The results were as following: All these isolated S.typhi strains were fully sensitive to common antibiotics (1g/ml for Tetracycline, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 4 g/ml for Ampicillin, Nalidixic acid and the third generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone M.I.C=0.125 g/ml) and the fluoquinolones (Ofloxacin M.I.C =0.25 g/ml), especially to 16% of Chloramphenicol-resistant isolates (with M.I.C = 64 g/ml). This is a great difference to compare with S.typhi strains isolated in Northern and Southern in Vietnam. Concerning the plasmid profile analysis, from 50 strains of S.typhi, the results showed that: All these strains did not harbour any R-plasmid. 43 strains harboured a plasmid lower than 70 Md. 7 strains did not harbour any kind of plasmids.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; drugs ; Salmonella typhi

Background: Deltoid fibrosis is caused by congenital disorder or complication of intramuscular injection or trauma, and can affect aesthetics and functions of shoulders. Objectives: To remark on the risk factors and pathology of deltoid fibrosis, and to evaluate the results of surgical procedure. Subjects and method: This clinical study involved 156 patients with 281 shoulder joints were surgically treated at National Hospital of Pediatrics from August 1994 to June 2005. All patients were physical and radiological examinations, and surgically treated by 1 of 4 techniques. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: Of 156 patients, there were 72 male and 84 female children, 62.8% in age group of 11-15 years old, and 29.5% over 15 years old. Severity of deltoid fibrosis was: severe in 95.4% of shoulder joints, moderate: 4.6%, and mild: 0%. 12.2% patients experienced deltoid fibrosis in combination with fibrosis of another muscles. The postoperative outcomes included; good: 92.5% of shoulder joints, moderate: 2.9% and bad: 4.6%. Type IV technique give best results (99%).
Deltoid Muscle/ surgery ; Child ;

Background: Contracture of the shoulder adduction caused by fibrous long head of the triceps muscle is rare. Up to now there is no one scientific article about this pathology. Objectives: (1) to remark of the clinical signs of fibrous long head of triceps muscle (2) to evaluate results of surgery. Subjects and methods: During a 2 - years - period (2005 - 2006), there were 21 patients (13 female, 08 male) aged from 06 years old to 19 years old with 34 shoulder joints. Those patients were operated by lengthening long head of the triceps, Teres major and Teres minor muscle. Results: Adduction - contracture, extension and flexion of the elbow, and scapulo humeral angles were measured in Xray. There was a fibrous band in long head of triceps muscle in ultrasound. Results of surgery were good in 31 shoulders (91.2%), fair in 02 shoulders (05.9 %) and poor in 01 (02.9%). Conclusions: Adduction contracture of the shoulders, lateral transfer of the scapula and palpable fibrous band were clinical symptoms of the fibrous long head of the triceps muscle. Evaluating the results of surgery should combines with clinical characteristics, X-ray, ultrasound and function of the shoulder and elbow.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; Shoulder Joint

Intestinal villi morphology in 2.5 to 6.5 month old fetus is studied with scanning electronic Microscopy (SEM). Results show that original form of intestinal villi is finger or cone shape without cross sulci on surface and tip sudden. The big finger forms are divided into small size or leaf shape. Cross sulci and tip sunder are appeared on appeared on intestinal villi in six month old fetus. After delivery, surface of intestinal villi is changed very little.
Microscopy ; Anatomy & histology ; Fetus

Background: Congenital muscular torticollis is a disease with influences on cosmesis and function of the face. Objectives: (1) Remarks syndrom of congenital muscular torticollis; and (2) Evaluate Ferkel\u2019s technique to treatment torticollis in children. Subjects and method: During 10 years period (from January 1996 to December 2005), there were 68 patients with congenital muscular torticollis (39 female and 29 male); Age from 02 to 14 years old. The patients were operated by Ferkel\u2019s technique. Results: All patients have a palpable contrature of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, elevating shoulders, limitation of neck mouvements more than 30 degree. Our results: Excellent in 06,6%; Good in 52,4%; Fair in 37,7% and Poor in 3,3%. Conclusion: Limitation of neck mouvements, facial asymmetry and persistence of an intramuscular tumor are the principal clinical signs. Age of surgical indication is older than 1 year old. Those patients were operated by Ferkel\u2019s technique with functionally and cosmetically good result.
Torticollis/ surgery ; Child ;

Background: Deltoid fibrosis is part of a spectrum of fibrous conditions that affects both function and cosmetic surgery. Objectives: Describing anatopathology injury of fibrous deltoid muscle, and evaluating relationship between pathological anatomy and surgical technique. Subject and methods: A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between pathological anatomy and surgical technique, which were performed from April 2006 to May 2007. The study included 279 children (102 female, 177 male); age range from 5 years old to 18 years old. Clinical examination, X-ray and ultrasound techniques were performed. Patients were operated with insertion or distal fibrous portion release. Results: The dimpling of the skin, the palpable fibrous band resolved completely in all of them. Subluxation of scapula - humeral joint in 62.4%, abducent angle more than 25 degrees in 81.3%; Adduction angle more than 15 degrees in 94.5%; and Hung NN angle less than 20 degrees in 96.4%. Droop of acromion in 74% and narrowing Scapulo - Humeral joint in 100%. Postoperative complication with dimpling of the skin or staircase like deformity and loss of the natural roundness of the lateral aspect of the shoulder in 33.5%. Conclusions: Pathological anatomy of fibrous deltoid muscle related surgical technique and postoperative complications. The big breadth and diameter of fibrous portion could create a dimpling of the skin or loss of the natural roundness of the lateral aspect of the shoulder.
deltoid fibrosis ; surgery ; children

A study on 6165 pediatric patients with ages of 11-16 and 167 health staffs who were working in Hoan Kiem district and response of the health services to children has shown that the first health service was pharmacy and drug store, 62,6% followed by hospitals.
Health Services ; Child

Fracture of the lateral Condyle of the Humerus in children accounted for 18.1% of total fractures of the regional elbow. During a 11 year-period, we operated 36 cases with fracture of the lateral Condyle of the Humerus. Our purpose is in papers: (1) determining diagnosis and classifying fracture of the lateral Condyle, (2) remark surgical technique and results. We used Kirschner wire for fixation of the fragment. We believe that a minium of two wires are necessary to prevent rotation. The fracture is usually sufficiently stable to allow wires removal by 6 to 12 weeks and to allow the patient to begin protected active range of motion of the elbow. The follow up that our results: good: 14; fair: 15; poor: 07. Complications (1) avascular necrosis of the condylar fragment: 02. (2) cubitus valgus: 05
Surgery ; Fractures, Bone

The study was performed on 512 patients with pleural effusion who were treating at the Pulmonary Department of Bach Mai Hospital between 1991 and 1995. Specimens collected from pleural fluid were stained by Giemsa’s stain. The lesions were classified using cytological criteria as follows: tuberculosis-related pleural effusions were divided into 2 groups: typical (15.5%) and atypical (84.5%); lung cancer-related pleural effusion, including malignant mesothelioma (biphasic structure and monomorphic forms) - 11.5%, adenocarcinoma - 46.2%, squamous cell carcinoma - 33.1%, small and large cell carcinoma -2.7% and 2.7%, respectively, undetermined carcinoma - 33.1%; pleural related to non specific inflammation - 17%. The sensitivity and specificity of cytodiagnosis in tuberculosis-related pleural effusion is 80% and 76%, respectively, in lung cancer-related pleural effusion is 38.9% and 96.4%, respectively. Therefore the cytodiagnosis can be considered a high value diagnostic tool for pleural effusion, especially in those with tuberculosis and undetermined carcinoma
Pleural Effusion ; Cytodiagnosis

The sickness was evaluated in 1943 children with ages ranged from 11 to 16 years in Hoan Kiem district for 2 months in 2001. The results showed that in overall, the rate of sick children is 31.7%. This rate is highest in the 11 year children (41%) and lowest in the 16 year children (23.5%). The rate of sickness in the school children is 32.5% and in the non school children is 19.4%.
Health ; Child